茄子种高压静电场生物效应试验研究

利用高压静电场对茄子种子进行选种，并通过均匀设计安排试验，进行不同昨电场强度的高压静电场处理，测定茄子种的发芽势、发芽率、根长、苗高、叶面积、干鲜重、电导率和SOD值等指标，并对结果进行了回归分析和讨论，找出处理时间和电场强度的较佳取值组合。     

种子分选电场对发芽指标的影响

选用玉米、黄豆、小麦和棉花种子,应用高压静电场对其进行处理,测定了处理组与对照组的发芽指标参数,探讨了静电场处理农作物种子对种子发芽指标的影响。对结果进行了回归分析,得出回归方程,并依此进行预报,找出对种子处理的时间和电场强度的较佳取值组合。     

寻找最佳种子处理途径的实验研究

利用高压静电场(HVEF)作为处理源,将黄瓜、菜心、水稻品种的种子各分为5个实验小组,分别按不同的高压静电场强度和不同的处理时间对其进行处理,对在萌发期的种子活力生理指标进行检测和统计分析。结果说明:对于不同品种的种子经高压静电场不同强度和时间的处理,数值相差较大,但对于同一品种的种子,当处理源的强度(kV/cm)和处理时间(min)的乘积的数值为某一范围时,各项生理指标均高于其它处理条件下的数值,此项研究为处理种子寻找到了一条有效途径。     

茄子种子电磁生物效应的研究

通过高压静电场处理茄子种子,研究高压静电场对茄子种子产生的生物学效应,探索高压静电场提高茄子种子活力的处理参数。结果表明,一定强度的高压静电场和时间组合处理茄子种子,可降低种子电解质外渗,提高超氧物岐化酶(SOD)活性,促进种子萌发和幼苗生长。得到有利于萌发的359 kV/m×12 min处理,有利于幼苗生长的359 kV/m×4 min处理和对萌发、生长都有利的359 kV/m×12 min处理。     

萝卜种静电场生物效应的旋转回归试验

为促进萝卜种的田间出苗、生长和增产。采用高压静电场对种子进行分选和田间试验；在单因素试验基础上，采用正交旋转回归设计。对萝卜种进行电场处理和田间试验，考察了电场强度，处理时间对萝卜种的出苗和生长情况的影响，摸索了萝卜种电场选种和电场处理的较适宜参数。     

高压静电场(HVEF)处理黄瓜种子生理生化效应分析

研究了不同强度的高压静电场（HVEF）处理对黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L．）种子发芽、α-淀粉酶、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、硝酸还原酶（NR）活性以及幼苗光合指标的影响。结果表明，用50～500kV／m的静电场预处理黄瓜种子后，萌发初期α-淀粉酶、CAT以及苗期叶片NR活性升高；种子发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数显著提高；幼苗叶面积、叶绿素含量显著增加，净光合速率和气孔导度也有明显提高，但各处理间种子发芽率以及胞间CO2浓度与对照比差异均不显著。表明HVEF处理黄瓜种子可以促进种子的萌发，提高幼苗叶片的光合能力，有利于黄瓜壮苗的培育。     

高压静电场对南瓜种子萌发及幼苗生长的生物学效应

南瓜种子经不同电场强度处理一定时间,研究其萌发状况并测定了12项生理生化指标.实验结果表明:经电场处理后,与对照相比,种子发芽率提高了3.2%～9.7%,电解质外渗率、呼吸强度均有不同程度的改善,可溶性蛋白的含量明显提高,静电处理还提高了种子中CAT、SOD等清除自由基的酶的活性,起到了提前打破种子休眠、提高种子活力、促进种子代谢水平的作用.各项指标显示:以H、I、J效果最为显著,可视为高压静电场处理南瓜种子的最佳剂量.     

高压静电场对番茄种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

用不同高压静电场强度和时间的组合处理番茄种子,研究不同电场处理条件对番茄种子萌发指标和生长指标的影响,根据实验数据结果筛选出最佳电场处理条件。结果表明,350kV/m×30min电场处理能有效促进番茄种子的萌发和番茄幼苗的生长。     

三种处理对唐古特大黄种子萌发能力的影响

采用超声波、高压静电场和赤霉素处理唐古特大黄种子．观察其对种子萌发能力的影响。结果表明：超声波处理30min。种子的发芽势和发芽率分别为48％、94％：高压静电场强650KV／cm、处理50min,种子的发芽势和发芽率分别为64％、93％;赤霉素浓度50mg／kg、浸种24h,种子的发芽势和发芽率分别为48％和96％．浓度超过100mg／kg对种子的萌发具有一定的抑制作用．     

高压对水稻种子萌发的影响

以籼稻品种粤丰占、粳稻品种秋光、粤丰占的高压后代压诱1号和压诱2号的种子为材料，研究了高压处理对不同浸种时间种子萌发的影响。结果表明：高压处理后，所有品种种子的发芽势和发芽率均随处理压力的升高而降低；相同的压力处理后，发芽势和发芽率在同一品种不同浸种时间的种子之间也存在显著差异；相同高压条件下秋光的发芽势和发芽率都比粤丰占的高；高压后代压诱1号和压诱2号种子对高压的耐受性与非高压后代粤丰占种子的没有显著差异，说明高压能够影响种子的萌发，并且不同类型的水稻品种种子的耐压性不同，高压处理不能明显提高其后代的耐压性。     

Measurement method for spray cooling characteristics of industrial nozzle

In order to study the cooling characteristics of the nozzle, a test platform is designed and developed for spray cooling feature measurement based on unsteady state heat conduction. By heating and keeping Q215 metal samples up to some surface temperature, a series of temperature data are collected by S7-200 modules during spray force cooling. Through Visual C++6.0 and Matlab interface programming, a series of regression equation with thermodynamic property versus temperature, such as density, specific heat capacity, and thermal conductivity etc., and with temperature versus sample time are obtained. The surface heat transfer coefficient and spray cooling feature of nozzle can be indirectly measured by the regression equations. The relation between surface heat transfer coefficient versus temperature, spray pressure and water intensity are investigated by means of the testing equipment. The experiment result shows the method is feasible and can be used in spray cooling feature measurement for all kinds of nozzle.     

高粱种子萌发过程中超微弱光子辐射的特征

采用50 μg mL^-1的蛋白质合成转录抑制剂放线菌素D (actinomycin D, AMD)、100 μg mL^-1的蛋白质合成翻译抑制剂环己亚胺(cycloheximide, CHM)和650 μg mL^-1的呼吸抑制剂NaN₃处理萌发高粱种子, 研究了高粱种子萌发过程中自发光子辐射和LED诱导的延迟光子辐射的动力学特征及其变化规律。结果发现, 高粱萌发过程中的自发光子辐射强度与种子鲜质量的变化呈正相关(相关系数r为0.93121), AMD和CHM不同程度地抑制了萌发过程中高粱鲜质量的增长, NaN₃几乎完全抑制了鲜质量的增长, 表明高粱萌发过程中的自发光子辐射强度可以作为萌发状况的信号, RNA/DNA合成反应是高粱萌发过程中自发光子辐射的来源之一, 呼吸代谢是其主要来源。高粱萌发过程中的延迟光子辐射特征可用动力学参数初始光子数、相干时间和延迟光子辐射积分强度定量表达, 通过对延迟光子辐射积分强度的测量和分析可以实时、灵敏和无损伤的了解和判断高粱萌发过程中细胞代谢系统的动态变化。     

Influence of calcined alum on the hydration and hardening performance of anhydrite

The influence of calcined alum on the hydration process, the structure and intensity of hardened anhydrite, the degree of solution supersaturation, and other properties are investigated by determining setting time, hydration rate and hydration temperature increases in combination with analyzing the microstructure and intensity of hardened paste. The alum action mechanism also is revealed. The results indicate that calcined alum is a highly active excitant for anhydrite. Calcined alum can reduce setting time, increase the hydration process and intensity of anhydrite, and refine crystals. Calcined alum improves the hydration and solution performance of anhydrite and sulfate radical concentration. This subsequently raises the degree of dihydrate gypsum supersaturation. Anhydrite hydration and solution, and the spontaneous homogeneous nucleation and growth of dihydrate gypsum crystals are all accelerated.     

Development and experiments of direct resistance heating in hot forging

A new hot-forging method by means of direct resistance heating is investigated aiming at the long produce time and large energy consumption of traditional hot forging. The hot upsetting experiments with cylindrical billet of 42CrMo4 are performed. The influences of initial contact force, surface quality of the billet and current intensity on the heating temperature are researched. The results of the experiments show that the billet can be heated quickly to forming temperature by the approach. The relatively low initial contact force is useful to increase the heating temperature. The heating temperature is proportional to the square of the current intensity, and the heating temperature is seriously affected by the surface quality. During the forming process the billet cooling rate is effectively decreased and the forming time is extended in relation to the resistance heating.     

Energy

The 1990s was a decade in which radical institutional restructuring was imposed from above on an energy economy which was in a stage of stable maturity following half a century of rapid development. The key plank in the reforms was the withdrawal of the state from ownership of energy production where possible (natural gas and parts of electricity), and from any non‐commercial philosophy in relation to the electricity and coal enterprises which remained state‐owned. Regulation of natural monopoly elements (pipelines, transmission and distribution lines, processing plants) was virtually eliminated under the rubric of ‘light‐handed regulation’, and the scheduling of electricity generators was moved from a planned to a market system. Underlying real trends in energy intensity, production and use were unaffected by the reforms, and the expected efficiency gains which had motivated reform were not in evidence by the end of the decade.     

静电场处理酵母菌生物学效应的初步研究

摘 要：用静电场（0、20、40、60、80、100、120sec）处理的酵母菌经培养后,取一部分用同样的方法继续处理,连续进行了4轮,然后测定所有的后代,研究处理后的生物学效应。结果显示,在静电场中处理80sec内,可促进酵母细胞的生长和繁殖,细胞内可溶性糖、蛋白质、核酸等的含量也有不同程度地增加;若处理时间超过100sec,则可抑制细胞的繁殖。在用同样的方法多轮处理后,酵母细胞逐渐适应了这种环境。     

Quantitative Phase Analysis of Weight Factors of X-ray Intensity

A new method is applied in this article to the quantitative phase analysis for weight factors of X-ray diffraction intensity. This method overcame the defect of traditional sampling and quantitative analysis method which only single out one plane web diffraction peaks for quantitative analysis from the phases of the sample to be tested. The method applied in this article is that the sample processing and taking measurements to the samples only once, then determining the weight factors by the intensity corresponding to n X-ray diffraction peaks from the phases of the sample to be tested. Thus we can get the relative percentage of each phase in the sample.