河南发现菱室姬蜂属(中国新记录种)

报道在河南发现的菱室姬蜂属Mesochorus Gravenhorst,1829中国新记录种:光菱室姬蜂Mesochorus politus Gravenhorst,1829。编制了河南已知种检索表。     

中国北方地区寄生林木蛀虫的姬蜂种类名录

报道了已发现的中国北方地区寄生林木蛀虫的天敌姬蜂种类，共64种，其中8种为中国新记录：白缘曲爪姬蜂Eugalta albimarginalis(Uchida)，锈衣姬蜂Ischnoceros rusticus(Fourcroy) ,北海道衣姬蜂Is-chnoceros sapporensis Uchida，曲齿姬蜂Odontocolon geniculatum(Kriechbaumer)，针齿姬蜂Odontocolon spinipes(Gravenhorst)，裂爪姬蜂Podoschistus alpensis(Uchida)，线牧姬蜂Poemenia hectica(Gravenhorst)，陶芦苇姬蜂Thrybius togashi Kusigemati。报道了它们的寄主。     

中国的黑茧姬蜂(膜翅目:姬蜂科)

该文报道了我国黑茧姬蜂属Exetastes Gravenhorst 16种及3亚种,其中3中国新记录卡黑茧姬蜂Exetastes adpressorius karafutonis Uchida、地黑茧姬蜂E.diakonovi(Meyer)、细黑茧姬蜂E.gracilicornis Gravenhorst.并报道了部分种类的寄主.     

河南发现洼唇姬蜂并二新记录记述

报道在河南发现的2种洼唇姬蜂,其中1中国新记录：隘洼唇姬蜂Cylloceria aino（Uchida,1928）;1河南新记录：黑洼唇姬蜂C.melancholica（Gravenborst,1820）。对新记录种进行了重新描述。编制了中国已知种检索表。     

杨树蛀虫姬蜂种类的研究

本文报道中国寄生杨树蛀虫的姬蜂种类１０种，分别隶属于４亚科、７属。其中有４中国新记录种：收获兜姬蜂Ｄｏｌｉｃｈｏｍｉｔｕｓｍｅｓｏｒ（Ｇｒａｖｅｎｈｏｒｓｔ，１８２９）、杨兜姬蜂Ｄ．ｐｏｐ－ｕｌｎｅｕｓ（Ｒａｔｚｅｂｕｒｇ，１８４８）、杨蛀姬蜂Ｓｃｈｒｅｉｎｅｒｉａｐｏｐｕｌｎｅａ（Ｇｉｒａｕｄ，１８７２）、杨木卫姬蜂Ｘｙｌｏｐｈｒｕｒｕｓｄｉｓｐａｒ（Ｔｈｕｎｂｅｒｇ，１８２２）。发现了一些寄主新记录。编制了中国杨树蛀虫姬蜂种类检索表。     

中国发现光瘤姬蜂(膜翅目:姬蜂科)

报道采自河南陕县的姬蜂科中国1新记录属、新记录种——毛光瘤姬蜂Liotryphon crassiseta（Thomson,1877）。介绍了该属的主要鉴别特征和该种的形态特征、寄主、分布。     

辽宁的角姬蜂属种类(膜翅目:姬蜂科)及一中国新记录

文章报道了分布于辽宁的角姬蜂属的种类.共2种:黑角姬蜂(Cosmoconus nigriventris Kasparyan,1971)(中国新记录)、沈阳角姬蜂(Cosmoconus shenyangensis Fan et Sheng,1997).对中国新记录种进行了形态描述.编制了角姬蜂属中国已知种检索表.     

寄生叶蜂的栉足姬蜂属(膜翅目:姬蜂科)中国一新记录种

文章报道寄生叶蜂的姬蜂科中国1新记录种,毛栉足姬蜂Ctenopelma tomentosum (Desvignes),对其形态特征进行重新描述.编制栉足姬蜂属Ctenopelma Holmgren,1857中国已知种检索表.     

杨树蛀虫姬蜂种类的研究

本文报道了中国寄生杨树蛀虫的姬蜂种类１０种，分别隶属于４亚科，７属。其中有４种国新记录种：收获兜姬蜂Ｄｏｌｉｃｈｏｍｉｔｕｓ ｍｅｓｓｏｒ，杨兜姬蜂Ｄ．ｐｏｐｕｌｎｅｕｓ，杨蛀姬蜂Ｓｃｈｒｅｉｎｅｒｉａ ｐｏｐｕｌｎｅａ，杨木卫姬蜂Ｘｙｌｏｐｈｒｕｒｕｓ ｄｉｓｐａｒ。     

沈阳地区苹果巢蛾寄生天敌研究：Ⅰ.姬蜂科

报道了沈阳地区寄生苹果巢娥的３种姬蜂：棕角巢娥姬蜂（辽宁新记录）、桑蟥聚瘤姬蜂、舞毒蛾黑瘤姬蜂，并分别列出了各个种的主要寄主和分布。     

Parasitic Ichneumonoidea on the horse chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in Slovakia

Parasitic Hymenoptera from the suprafamily Ichneumonoidea attacking the horse chestnut leafminer Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimic (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) were studied in southwest Slovakia during 2000 and 2001. The search for such species resulted in the determination of eight ichneumonid species, Gelis agilis (Fabricius), Itoplectis alternans (Gravenhorst), I. clavicornis (Thompson), I. maculator (Fabricius), Scambus annulatus (Kiss), S. brevicornis (Gravenhorst), Zatypota percontatoria (Müller), Adelognathus sp. and a braconid Colastes braconius Haliday. The most abundant species was S. annulatus. All these species recorded are polyphagous and often facultative hyperparasitoids, except C. braconius, which departs from this norm in not being hyperparasitic. The presence of more diversified native parasitoids and hyperparasitoids from the Ichneumonoidea predicate a slow successive adaptation of the parasitoid fauna to the invasive host, Cameraria ohridella.     

Insects reared from stems and branches of goat willow (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Salix caprea</Emphasis> L.) in Bulgaria

Seven xylophagous insect species were established in stems and branches of Salix caprea L. during the period 1998–2003 in Bulgaria: Agrilus lineola lineola Redtenbacher (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), Aromia moschata (Linnaeus), Oberea oculata (Linnaeus), Saperda populnea (Linnaeus), Saperda similis Laicharting (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), Synanthedon formicaeformis (Esper) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) and Rhabdophaga clavifex (Kieffer) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). From them, six parasitoid species were reared: Dolichomitus mesocentrus (Gravenhorst), Dolichomitus populneus (Ratzeburg) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), Stephanus serrator (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Stephanidae), Aprostocetus metra (Walker), Euderus caudatus (Thomson) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and Billaea irrorata (Meigen) (Diptera: Tachinidae). D. populneus, E. caudatus and B. irrorata were connected with S. populnea; D. mesocentrus and S. serrator with S. similis; and A. metra with R. clavifex. Two parasitoids (A. metra and E. caudatus) had not previously been reported for the fauna of Bulgaria. The parasitoid–host relationships D. mesocentrus–S. similis and S. serrator –S. similis were established for the first time in this study.     

New parasitoids of<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Saperda populnea</Emphasis> (L.) (Col. Cerambycidae) in Bulgaria

The parasitoid complex of Saperda populnea (L.) (Col., Cerambycidae) was studied during the period 2002–2003 at different sites in Bulgaria. Galls containing cerambycid larvae were collected on branches of aspen (Populus tremula L.), goat willow (Salix caprea L.) and hybrid poplars and were studied under laboratory conditions. As a result, four new species for the parasitoid complex of S. populnea in Bulgaria were recorded: Dolichomitus tuberculatus (Geoffroy), Xylophrurus lancifer (Gravenhorst), Gelis ornatulus (Thomson) (Hym., Ichneumonidae) and Dendrocerus serricornis (Boheman) (Hym., Megaspilidae). D. serricornis and G. ornatulus are new species for Bulgarian fauna. D. tuberculatus and X. lancifer were found as primary parasitoids, and G. ornatulus and D. serricornis as hyperparasitoids. The primary parasitoids developed solitarily in the host larvae. D. serricornis was reared gregariously from a puparium of Billaea irrorata (Meig.) (Dipt., Tachinidae). The host of G. ornatulus was not identified, but the hyperparasitid could be connected with Iphiaulax impostor (Scop.) (Hym., Braconidae). The mortality of S. populnea caused by the parasitoids was 2.0–6.3%.     

Insect inhabitants of old larval galleries of<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Saperda populnea</Emphasis> (L.) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Bulgaria

The complex of insect inhabitants of old larval galleries of Saperda populnea (L.) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) was studied during the period 2000–2003 in 18 localities in Bulgaria. As a result, 32 insect species were reared from old S. populnea galls: Metopoplax origani (Kolenati) (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae), Malachius sp. (Coleoptera: Malachiidae), Agrilus pratensis pratensis (Ratzeburg) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), Xylocleptes bispinus (Duftschmidt) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), Crossocerus cetratus (Shuckard), Crossocerus megacephalus (Rossi), Crossocerus nigritus (Lepeletier & Brullé), Crossocerus acanthophorus (Kohl), Passaloecus brevilabris Wolf, Passaloecus gracilis (Curtis), Psenulus schencki (Tournier), Solierella compedita compedita (Piccioli), Trypoxylon figulus figulus (Linnaeus), Trypoxylon fronticorne fronticorne Gussakovskij (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae), Cleptes schmidti Linsenmaiser, Trichrysis cyanea (Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), Clistopyga incitator (Fabricius), Ctenochira sanguinatoria (Ratzeburg), Liotryphon crassisetus (Thomson), Nemeritis fallax (Gravenhorst), Mesochorus georgievi Schwenke, Campoletis sp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), Charmon extensor (Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Eupelmus urozonus Dalman (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), Perilampus aeneus (Rossius) (Hymenoptera: Perilampidae), Trichiocampus grandis (Lepeletier) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), Janus luteipes (Lepeletier) (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), Cydia corollana (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), Fiebrigella brevibucca (Duda) (Diptera: Chloropidae), Eustolomyia hilaris (Fallén) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), Senotaina sp. (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) and Heringia vitripennis (Meigen) (Diptera: Syrphidae). Amongst them, 27 species were established as new inhabitants of old S. populnea galls. Five species (C. schmidti, N. fallax, M. georgievi, P. aeneus and J. luteipes) were recorded for the first time in Bulgaria. The dwellers of old S. populnea galls belong to the following ecological groups: insects using galls as a place to develop (3 species); insects nidificating in empty galls (10 species); insects using old galls as a pupating place (1 species); insects using empty galls as overwintering shelters (3 species); predators and parasites of primary dwellers of empty galls (13 species); or insects with uncertain ecological status (2 species).     

Temperature-dependent survival,development, and adult longevity of the koinobiont endoparasitoid <Emphasis Type="Italic">Venturia canescens</Emphasis> (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) parasitizing <Emphasis Type="Italic">Plodia interpunctella</Emphasis> (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

The effect of various constant temperatures on survival, development, and adult longevity of Venturia canescens Gravenhorst (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) parasitizing larvae of Plodia interpunctella Hübner (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) was studied under laboratory conditions. The following temperatures were tested: 15, 17.5, 20, 22.5, 25, 27.5, 30, and 32.5°C. The percentage of parasitoids that completed development at each temperature as well as the days needed for the emergence of the parasitoid’s pupa and adult eclosion was measured. Adult longevity was estimated under the same conditions. Survival of V. canescens was significantly higher at 25 and 27.5°C compared to 17.5, 20, 30, and 32.5°C. No individual of V. canescens managed to complete development at 15°C. Overall, developmental time decreased significantly with increasing temperature within the range of 17.5–27.5°C. The lowest developmental time was observed at 27.5°C while the highest at 17.5°C. Upper and lower threshold temperatures for total development were estimated at 36.2 and 13.2°C, respectively. Optimum temperature for development and thermal constant were 30.6°C and 312.5 degree days, respectively. Adult longevity was also affected by temperature, as it was significantly reduced at higher temperatures compared to the lower ones. This information would be useful in determining the potential of using V. canescens as a biological agent in IPM programs, by optimizing mass rearing and release techniques of the parasitoid.     

Estimation of mortality ofDacus xanthodes (Broun) maggots in fumigated and non-fumigated watermelons,a fruitfly (Dipt.: Tephritidae) of plant quarantine importance in the Pacific region

Exports of Tongan watermelons to New Zealand were banned in November 1985 due to encounter ofD. xanthodes maggots. Testing of standard quarantine treatments (methyl bromid fumigation) is rendered difficult due to low infestation rates of fruits in the field, and unsuitability of the host for maggot survival. For experimental testing of mortality rates inD. xanthodes due to both fumigation and host insuitability maggots were reared in papaya, and third instars were transplanted into watermelons before treatment. Four types of handling were tested. (A) two fumigated series with either (A 1) 300 maggots per fruit, rind replaced and sealed with tape, and five holes punched, or (A 2) 200 maggots per fruit, paraffin wax sealed, and one hole. Treatment was 32 g/m³ of methyl bromide for 4 h. (B) two control series with 200 maggots per fruit, wax and one hole, one batch (B 1) kept for 4–5 days, the other (B 2) transported twice and kept for 4 days. Number of maggots treated were 42,400, and numbers of maggots in the control trials were 20,400. Initial mortality of larvae was 98% (A 1), 44% (A 2), 35% (B 1), and 17% (B 2). Initial development into pupae was 1.9% (A 1), 2.5% (A 2), 11.9% (B 1), and 7.7% (B 2). Total mortality (development into adults) was 100% (A 1, and A 2), 97% (B 1), and 97% (B 2).     

湘南千年桐林药间作效益分析

为给湘南地区千年桐林药间作提供技术支撑,在湘南地区选择已进入盛果期的4年生千年桐,分别设置千年桐+草珊瑚(Ⅰ)、千年桐+玉竹(Ⅱ)、千年桐+山豆根(Ⅲ)、千年桐+金银花(Ⅳ)、千年桐+菊花(Ⅴ)、千年桐纯林(Ⅵ,作为对照)这6种种植模式进行了林药间作试验,观测了不同间作模式下千年桐的产果量、药材产值、林地土壤水文效益和土壤冲刷量,分析了不同间作模式的综合效益。研究结果表明:1)模式Ⅱ和Ⅳ的千年桐单株产果量最高,分别为7.17、7.13kg,其与对照间的差异均显著;2)模式Ⅳ的药材产值最高,每hm2可达10.8万元;3)模式Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ的土壤涵养水源能力最强,分别为1799.7、1776.4、1817.2t·hm^-2,且与对照间的差异均显著;4)模式Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ的土壤冲刷量分别为299.3、329.2、396.7、423.7、410.3t·km^-2,都显著低于模式Ⅵ(对照,504.5t·km^-2);5)模式Ⅳ的综合效益最高,而模式Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ的综合效益依次次之,综合效益最差的为模式Ⅵ(对照)。