龙须菜与海湾扇贝多营养层次综合养殖技术研究

2012年-2013年从福建宁德引进大型藻类龙须菜,与海湾扇贝进行多营养层次综合养殖试验与示范。在海湾扇贝与龙须菜综合养殖模式下,海湾扇贝适宜养殖密度为22.5~25个/m~2,笼内密度45~50个/层,每hm~2套养龙须菜1 800绳,平均增产龙须菜9 000kg/hm~2,海湾扇贝比对照模式增加1 020kg/hm~2,单产增加了17.35%,其经济效益和生态效益显著。     

多营养层次生态养殖模式简析

系统介绍了多营养层次生态养殖模式在淡水养殖及海水养殖中的应用与发展,对比了国内外有关该养殖模式发展方向的异同,简述了该养殖模式通过提高物质和空间利用率、改善养殖环境的原理以及在我国推广应用情况,并汇总了我国沿海省份近年来开展该养殖模式选用的品种搭配及产量产值.指出了多营养层次生态养殖模式还存在的问题,对今后发展提出了建...     

养殖水体中藻毒素污染问题的研究进展

在水产养殖过程中,由于一些蓝藻水华产毒藻株的毒性作用,给水生生物的生长、繁殖、发育带来严重的影响和破坏,并间接地威胁食品安全和人类健康。在国内外研究的基础上,阐述了藻毒素对水生有机体的影响。     

福建沿海试养中间球海胆的初步研究

为探索中间球海胆(Strongylocentrotus intermedius)在福建沿海季节性养殖的可行性,于2018年11月开展了新品种中间球海胆"大金"南移福州海域养殖试验。试养海胆分为大(壳径3 cm)和小(壳径1 cm)两种规格。采用当地现有的鲍养殖海域和设施,定期投喂海带(Laminaria japonica)和龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis)。经过6个月的养殖,福州养殖的大规格海胆壳径达(55.90±2.63)mm,体质量(56.30±6.92)g,性腺指数15.02%±1.5%,海胆生殖腺发育处于成熟前期(Ⅲ期),性腺质量良好,且显著高于大连同期养殖的大规格海胆壳径(46.56±3.88)mm和体质量(39.07±5.05)g(P<0.05)。同时,福州养殖的小规格海胆壳径达(40.97±0.87)mm,体质量(23.18±0.37)g,性腺指数9.64%±1.00%。试养结果表明,冬春季中间球海胆可在福建沿海开展季节性养殖,采用现有海上设施和养殖笼,投喂鲜活大型藻类,海胆的生长速度显著优于同期大连养殖。中间球海胆福建沿海南移养殖是满足其日益增长的市场需求的重要途径。     

The influence of ocean climate on coastal plankton and fish production

This study evaluates the influence of oceanic variability on plankton and fish production in a coastal upwelling system off southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. A trophodynamics model is used to hind-cast plankton and fish production as estimated by empirical seasonal patterns in upwelling, sea surface temperature, solar radiation, and by biomasses of Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) and Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi). Simulation results indicate that interannual and longer-term variability in coastal plankton production occurs, and that the patterns are primarily determined by the dynamics in the initiation and intensity of coastal upwelling. Fish properties are greatly influenced by zooplankton, with simulated hake production being correlated with summer euphausiid production, and measured herring condition being correlated with autumn zooplankton production. An evaluation of transfer efficiencies indicates that interannual variability in the diatom-to-fish transfer is high (CV = 78%), with the majority of this variability occurring in the diatom-to-zooplankton component of the transfer. Seasonal dynamics of the diatom-to-zooplankton transfer result from the effects of upwelling on diatom production, and subsequent trophodynamic phasing with copepods and euphausiids.     

强华水库鱼鸭混养的技术措施

强华水库面积6．7hm^2，2001年起进行鱼鸭混养，2002年获养鱼效益9．44万元。养鸭效益102．37万元，综合效益111．81万元。养鸭量应根据市场行情而定，可适当提高鳙鱼放养比例，增加吞食性鱼类品种，进一步提高经济效益。     

池塘综合养殖生态工程简析

本文论述了我国池塘综合养殖生态工程的主要内容、特点、系统流程、生态学效率及其可持续发展。     

Aquaculture and its role in Integrated Coastal Zone Management

The workshop, Aquaculture and its role inIntegrated Coastal Zone Management held inOstende, Belgium in April 2001, aimed to provideinformation to help develop recommendations forwise management of aquaculture in coastal andmarine environments. This paper focuses on thetwo main objectives of the workshop, 1) to aidthe development of stronger interdisciplinarycommunication between the natural and socialsciences and to improve the utility ofavailable scientific information and knowledge;and 2) to promote new perspectives on thesustainable use of coastal areas and naturalresources. The paper also summarizes thedebates following each of the three workshopthematic sessions: aquaculture and ICZM;socio-economic and political dimensions;developing sustainable production systems; andidentifies the key recommendations that may beapplied to the formulation of policy onintegrated aquaculture management in coastaland marine environments.     

福建沿海试养中间球海胆的初步研究

为明确不同选育群体中间球海胆的遗传多样性和遗传结构,利用SSR-seq技术和15个微卫星位点,对1个家系选育群体 (FP)、1个群体选育群体 (IP)和1个未经选育的普通养殖群体 (CP)的遗传多样性及遗传结构进行了分析。结果显示,15个微卫星位点共检测出112个等位基因,FP、IP、CP 3个群体的平均观测等位基因数 (N_a)分别为5.077、5.133和6.133个,平均有效等位基因 (N_e)分别为2.816、2.873和3.638个,平均观测杂合度 (H_o)分别为0.522、0.441和0.501,平均期望杂合度 (H_e)分别为0.595、0.599和0.667,平均多态性信息含量 (PIC)分别为0.546、0.543和0.623。家系选育群体 (FP) H_e与H_o的差值 (0.073)低于IP (0.158)和CP (0.166),平均固定指数 (F) (0.115)低于IP (0.248)和CP (0.246)。3个群体间遗传分化系数 (F_st)介于0.018~0.176,为中低等程度的遗传分化。分子方差分析 (AMOVA)结果显示,3个群体的遗传变异主要源于个体间。主成分分析 (PCoA)和聚类进化树结果均显示,3个群体之间的亲缘关系较近,其中IP群体遗传分化程度最高。研究表明,3个中间球海胆群体均具有较高的遗传多样性,多代家系选育和群体选育均未明显降低群体的遗传多样性,家系选育更有利于保持群体的杂合度和控制群体的近交水平,群体选育则会提升群体的遗传分化程度。     

大鹏湾海水中氮和磷的分布变化

文章对典型的亚热带养殖海湾——深澳湾海水中无机氮(DIN)、磷酸盐(PO₄-P)浓度的时空变化特征进行了分析,研究了鱼类网箱和贝藻筏式等规模化养殖活动对营养盐时空分布特征的影响,并对营养盐的潜在限制性进行了探讨。结果显示,深澳湾DIN和PO₄-P浓度及分布呈明显的季节变化：DIN在秋季最高,夏季最低;PO₄-P在冬季最高,夏季最低。春季网箱区的DIN浓度和氮磷比(N/P)低于贝藻养殖区和对照区,而其他3个季节,网箱区的DIN和PO₄-P浓度以及N/P均高于贝藻养殖区和对照区。贝藻养殖区和对照区之间在各个季节,氮、磷营养盐和N/P之间均无显著差异。各个季节DIN和PO₄-P浓度均高于理论上浮游植物生长的营养盐阈值,不存在营养盐的绝对限制。夏、冬季的N/P分别为13.6、13.1,低于Redfield值,说明存在N的潜在限制;春、秋季的N/P分别为16.6、19.0,说明P的潜在限制性较强。深澳湾的年均N/P为14.3,全湾受N潜在限制性较强。除夏季外,硝酸盐 (NO₃-N)是DIN的主要组成,比例介于51.7%~92.7%,其次为NH₄-N (5.2%~43.8%),亚硝酸盐 (NO₂-N)比例最低(2.1%~27.2%),说明深澳湾的氮营养盐达到了热力学平衡状态。与2001年相比,深澳湾海区的DIN和PO₄-P浓度均有下降,由中度营养型转变成贫营养型,年平均N/P更接近Redfield值,说明深澳湾的生产力水平依然受氮限制,营养盐的时空分布特征一定程度上体现了规模化贝藻养殖的影响。

     

Impacts of climate change for coastal fishers and implications for fisheries

Coastal Social–Ecological Systems (SESs) are subject to several stresses, including climate change, that challenge fisheries and natural resource management. Fishers are front‐line observers of changes occurring both on the coast and in the sea and are among the first people to be affected by these changes. In this study, we perform a meta‐analysis of observations and adaptations to climate change by subsistence‐oriented coastal fishers extracted from a global review of peer‐reviewed and grey literature. Fishers' observations compiled from across the globe indicate increased temperatures and changes in weather patterns, as well as coastal erosion, sea level rise and shifts in species range and behaviours. Coastal areas offer a wide array of resources for diversifying livelihoods, but climate change is reducing these options. Specifically, climate change could reduce the resilience of fishers' communities, limiting options for diversification or forcing fishers to abandon their houses or villages.