杆垫刃属新属和一个新种的描述(垫刃目:垫刃科)

 杆垫刃属新属(Rhabdotylenchus n. gen.)以其尾粗短,尾后部透明部分呈杆状,尾端平截有一凹痕,以及第一体环明显宽于其他体环并且该环角质层显著加厚与唇和其后的体部形成缢缩而显著区别于垫刃亚科(Tylenchinae Örley, 1880)的其它属,该新属与近似属Tylenchus Bastian,1865的区别,除了独特的尾形和第一体环外,还以唇区显著缢缩,阴门位置较后(V>70vsV=60~70),明显区别于该近似属。广东杆垫刃线虫新属新种(Rhabdotylenchus guangdongensis n. gen., n. sp.)发现于广东省深圳市郊区的苦瓜根际土中。     

丝尾垫刃属新种的描述(线虫门:垫刃科)Ⅱ.异头丝尾垫刃线虫新种和香港丝尾垫刃线虫新种

 本文描述了异头丝尾垫刃线虫新种(Filenchus heterocephalus n.sp.)和香港丝尾垫刃线虫新种(Filenchus hongkongensis n.sp.)。前者采集于香港大龙农场的茄子(Solanum melongena)根围土壤,其主要鉴别特征是侧区有2条侧线、头部背腹面缢缩、口针小、角质层环细。此新种在头部和尾部等特征上区别于近似种新矮丝尾垫刃线虫(F.neonanus Raski&Geraert,1987)、差异丝尾垫刃线虫(F.discrepans(Andrassy,1954) Raski&Geraert,1986)、海伦丝尾垫刃线虫(F.helenae(Szczygiel,1969) Raski&Geraert,1987)和兼性丝尾垫刃线虫(F.facultativus(Szczygiel,1970) Raski&Geraert,1987)。后者采集于香港锦田的蕹菜(Ipomoea aquatica)根际土壤,其主要鉴别特征是侧区有2条侧线、体环较粗、雄虫抱片小,此新种与近似种大侧器丝尾垫刃线虫(F.macramphis(Siddiqi&Lal,1992) Xie&Feng,1994)在侧器口、体长和抱片等特征上存在明显差异,与近似种异头丝尾垫刃线虫新种在头部、体环和食道等特征上有明显差异。     

丝尾垫刃属新种的描述(线虫门:垫刃科)Ⅰ.辣椒丝尾垫刃线虫新种和南方丝尾垫刃线虫新种

 辣椒丝尾垫刃线虫新种(Filenchus capsici n.sp.)和南方丝尾垫刃线虫新种(Filenchus australis n.sp.)采集于香港大龙农场的辣椒(Capsicum frutescens)根际土壤。前者以排泄孔、中食道球和阴门的位置靠后以及阴道斜向前伸等特征区别于近似种阿富汗尼卡斯丝尾垫刃线虫(F.afghanicus(Khan&Khan,1978) Raski&Geraert,1987)。后者以微缢缩的头部以及排泄孔和阴门的位置靠后等特征区别于近似种毛发形尾丝尾垫刃线虫(Filenchus criniformicaudatus(Kazachenko,1975) Siddiqi,1986)。     

丝尾垫刃属新种的描述(线虫门:垫刃科)Ⅲ.山地丝尾垫刃线虫新种和东方丝尾垫刃线虫新种

 本文记述了采自香港的丝尾垫刃线虫2新种:山地丝尾垫刃线虫新种(Filenchus montanus n.sp.)和东方丝尾垫刃线虫新种(Filenchus orientalis n.sp.)。前者采集于大屿山的甘蔗(Saccharum officinarum)根际土壤,其主要鉴别特征是侧区有3条侧线、体短、角质层环粗,此新种在头部、尾部等特征上区别于近似种巴洛格丝尾垫刃线虫(F.baloghi(Andrássy,1958)Siddiqi,1986)和毛发形尾丝尾垫刃线虫(Filenchus criniformicaudatus(Kazachenko,1975) Siddiqi,1986)。后者采集于锦田的蕹菜(Ipomoea aquatica)根际土壤,其与近似种普通丝尾垫刃线虫(F.vulgaris(Brzeski,1963) Lownsbery&Lownsbery,1985)的主要区别是尾短、排泄孔位置靠前和阴门位置靠后。     

丝尾垫刃属新种的描述（线虫门：垫刃科）Ⅱ．异头丝尾垫刃线虫新种和香港丝尾垫刃线虫新种

本文描述了异头丝尾垫刃线虫新种（Ｆｉｌｅｎｃｈｕｓｈｅｔｅｒｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓｎ．ｓｐ．）和香港丝尾垫刃线虫新种（Ｆｉｌｅｎｃｈｕｓｈｏｎｇｋｏｎｇｅｎｓｉｓｎ．ｓｐ．）。前者采集于香港大龙农场的茄子（Ｓｏｌａｎｕｍｍｅｌｏｎｇｅｎａ）根围土壤，其主要鉴别特征是侧区有２条侧线、头部背腹面缢缩、口针小、角质层环细。此新种在头部和尾部等特征上区别于近似种新矮丝尾垫刃线虫（Ｆ．ｎｅｏｎａｎｕｓＲａｓｋｉ＆Ｇｅｒａｅｒｔ，１９８７）、差异丝尾垫刃线虫（Ｆ．ｄｉｓｃｒｅｐａｎｓ（Ａｎｄｒａｓｓｙ，１９５４）Ｒａｓｋｉ＆Ｇｅｒａｅｒｔ，１９８６）、海伦丝尾垫刃线虫（Ｆ．ｈｅｌｅｎａｅ（Ｓｚｃｚｙｇｉｅｌ，１９６９）Ｒａｓｋｉ＆Ｇｅｒａｅｒｔ，１９８７）和兼性丝尾垫刃线虫（Ｆ．ｆａｃｕｌｔａｔｉｖｕｓ（Ｓｚｃｚｙｇｉｅｌ，１９７０）Ｒａｓｋｉ＆Ｇｅｒａｅｒｔ，１９８７）。后者采集于香港锦田的蕹菜（Ｉｐｏｍｏｅａａｑｕａｔｉｃａ）根际土壤，其主要鉴别特征是侧区有２条侧线、体环较粗、雄虫抱片小，此新种与近似种大侧器丝尾垫刃线虫（Ｆ．ｍａｃｒａｍｐｈｉｓ（Ｓｉｄｄｉｑｉ＆Ｌａｌ，１９９２）Ｘｉｅ＆Ｆｅｎｇ，１９９４）在侧器     

丝尾垫刃属新种的描述（线虫门：垫刃科）Ⅰ．辣椒丝尾垫刃线虫新种和南方丝尾垫刃线虫新种

辣椒丝尾垫刃线虫新种（Ｆｉｌｅｎｃｈｕｓｃａｐｓｉｃｉｎ．ｓｐ．）和南方丝尾垫刃线虫新种（Ｆｉｌｅｎｃｈｕｓａｕｓｔｒａｌｉｓｎ．ｓｐ．）采集于香港大龙农场的辣椒（Ｃａｐｓｉｃｕｍｆｒｕｔｅｓｃｅｎｓ）根际土壤。前者以排泄孔、中食道球和阴门的位置靠后以及阴道斜向前伸等特征区别于近似种阿富汗尼卡斯丝尾垫刃线虫（Ｆ．ａｆｇｈａｎｉｃｕｓ（Ｋｈａｎ＆Ｋｈａｎ，１９７８）Ｒａｓｋｉ＆Ｇｅｒａｅｒｔ，１９８７）。后者以微缢缩的头部以及排泄孔和阴门的位置靠后等特征区别于近似种毛发形尾丝尾垫刃线虫（Ｆｉｌｅｎｃｈｕｓｃｒｉｎｉｆｏｒｍｉｃａｕｄａｔｕｓ（Ｋａｚａｃｈｅｎｋｏ，１９７５）Ｓｉｄｄｉｑｉ，１９８６）。     

丝尾垫刃属新种的描述（线虫门：垫刃科）Ⅲ．山地丝尾垫刃线虫新种和东方丝尾垫刃线虫新种

本文记述了采自香港的丝尾垫刃线虫２新种：山地丝尾垫刃线虫新种（Ｆｉｌｅｎｃｈｕｓｍｏｎｔａｎｕｓｎ．ｓｐ．）和东方丝尾垫刃线虫新种（Ｆｉｌｅｎｃｈｕｓｏｒｉｅｎｔａｌｉｓｎ．ｓｐ．）。前者采集于大屿山的甘蔗（Ｓａｃｃｈａｒｕｍｏｆｆｉｃｉｎａｒｕｍ）根际土壤，其主要鉴别特征是侧区有３条侧线、体短、角质层环粗，此新种在头部、尾部等特征上区别于近似种巴洛格丝尾垫刃线虫（Ｆ．ｂａｌｏｇｈｉ（Ａｎｄｒáｓｓｙ，１９５８）Ｓｉｄｄｉｑｉ，１９８６）和毛发形尾丝尾垫刃线虫（Ｆｉｌｅｎｃｈｕｓｃｒｉｎｉｆｏｒｍｉｃａｕｄａｔｕｓ（Ｋａｚａｃｈｅｎｋｏ，１９７５）Ｓｉｄｄｉｑｉ，１９８６）。后者采集于锦田的蕹菜（Ｉｐｏｍｏｅａａｑｕａｔｉｃａ）根际土壤，其与近似种普通丝尾垫刃线虫（Ｆ．ｖｕｌｇａｒｉｓ（Ｂｒｚｅｓｋｉ，１９６３）Ｌｏｗｎｓｂｅｒｙ＆Ｌｏｗｎｓｂｅｒｙ，１９８５）的主要区别是尾短、排泄孔位置靠前和阴门位置靠后     

食菌伞滑刃线虫和阿苏里伞滑刃线虫的比较鉴定

宁波口岸在进境木质包装检疫中经常截获食菌伞滑刃线虫和阿苏里伞滑刃线虫,这2种线虫都属于fungivorus组,形态上十分近似。主要区别在于:前者唇区缢缩十分明显,而后者缢缩不明显;前者排泄孔与半月体平均距离较远(约11μm),而后者较近(约5μm);前者雄虫热杀死后尾部强烈向腹面弯曲(超过180°),后者尾部略腹弯(约90°);前者基顶与喙突相距约9.8μm,喙突高约2.7～3.5μm,后者则分别为8.4μm和1.5～2.8μm;前者雌虫尾多数腹弯十分明显,尾较短(长约50μm),后者尾一般略腹弯(长约68μm)。此外,ITS区的PCR-RFLP方法可区分上述2种线虫。     

福建省花生根部寄生线虫种类鉴定

从福建省花生(Arachis hypogaea Linn.)根部及根际土壤中共分离鉴定出11种植物寄生线虫:肾状肾形线虫(Rotylenchulus reniformis)、咖啡短体线虫(Pratylenchus coffeae)、饰环矮化线虫(Tylenchorhynchus annula-tus)、装饰小环线虫(Criconemella ornata)、双宫螺旋线虫(Helicotylenchus dihystera)、食菌茎线虫(Ditylenchusmyceliophagus)、蘑菇滑刃线虫(Aphlenchoides composticola)、燕麦真滑刃线虫(Aphelenchus avenae)、广东杆垫刃线虫(Rhabdotylenchus guangdongensis)、丝尾垫刃线虫(Filenchus sp.)和根结线虫(Meloidogyne sp.)。其中肾状肾形线虫、咖啡短体线虫、装饰小环线虫和根结线虫为花生的重要寄生线虫。     

滑刃线虫属一新种——西洋参叶线虫

 1990~1991年在吉林左家中国农科院特产研究所试验地的西洋参叶片上发现多角形褐色病斑,由一种滑刃线虫为害引起。其种的鉴别特征为:口针较短(7.5~10.0 μm),唇区基部缢缩,排泄孔的位置位于神经环和贲门之间,尾尖突为星状,雄虫的交合刺具较明显的顶尖和喙突,与滑刃线虫属内的其它种不同。经鉴定为滑刃线虫一新种,定名为西洋参叶线虫Aphelenchoides panaxofolia.     

半轮线虫属新种——拟中华半轮线虫Hemicriconemoides parasinensis sp. nov.的描述

 拟中华半轮线虫新种(Hemicriconemoides parasinensis sp. nov.)模式标本采集于辽宁省沈阳市沈阳农业大学校园的丁香(Syringa oblata)根际土中,在河南省安阳市安阳公园的小叶女贞(Ligustrum quihoui)根际土中也有分布。主要鉴别特征是虫体头区圆形,头环2个,第1头环略小于或等于第2头环,排泄孔位于肠的前端(Rex=29~33),体长中等,口针中等(76~86 μ m),体环数R值中等(96~110),卵巢单生前伸,受精囊长圆形,尾部宽圆锥形、尾端半球形圆;幼虫具指状的棘片,约12~16排,后翻;雄虫未见。该新种虫体形态特征与中国半轮线虫(H. sinensis Vovlas,1988),芒果半轮线虫(H. mangiferae Siddiqi,1961)和微小半轮线虫(H. minutus Esser,1960)相近似。     

Paraphilometroides nemipteri gen. et sp. n. (Nematoda: Philometridae) from the marine fish Nemipterus peronii (Valenciennes) from Malaysia

A new nematode species, Paraphilometroides nemipteri sp. n. is described from the female specimens collected from the dorsal fin and operculum of the marine perciforme fish, Nemipterus peronii off Kuala Terengganu coastal waters in Malaysia. It considerably differs from all other species in Philometridae in the structure of the head end (presence of wide dorsal and ventral cephalic cuticular alae supported by special inner transverse muscular formations) and, therefore, a new genus Paraphilometroides gen. n. has been erected to accommodate it. Additional characteristic features of P. nemipteri are the presence of cuticular bosses on the body, eight cephalic papillae in the outer circle and four small papillae in the inner circle, and the absence of caudal protrusions.     

甘肃河西地区番茄根结线虫病病原鉴定

利用形态特征对甘肃省河西地区番茄根结线虫病病原线虫进行鉴定,其重要的形态特征如下：雌虫体长L=599.0（510.0～690.0）μm,体宽W=439.0（409.0～473.0）μm,口针长ST=15.4(15.0～16.0)μm,背食道腺开口到口针基部球的距离DGO=3.6(2.0～4.3)μm。雌虫梨形,排泄孔位于口针基球处,会阴花纹背弓明显高,线纹由平滑到波浪状,有些线纹向侧面分叉,但无明显的侧线;2龄幼虫L=376.0（360.0～393.0）μm,W=14.8（14.2～15.2）μm,ST=11.7(11.2～12.5)μm,DGO=3.6(2.1～4.0)μm,头部前端平,口针基部球明显,半月体邻近分泌和排泄孔,尾透明且纤细,尾尖尖圆;雄虫L=1 411.0（532.0～1 720.0）μm,W=32.0（28.0～38.0）μm,ST=24.5(23.0～26.0)μm,DGO=3.2(2.0～4.1)μm,头区不缢缩,有不完全的头环,没有侧唇,口针基球圆形至扁圆形。综合以上雌虫、2龄幼虫和雄虫的形态特征,确定了该地区的番茄根结线虫病病原线虫为南方根结线虫（Meloidogyne incognita）。     

Rhaphidotrema kiatkiongi, a new genus and species of blood fluke (Digenea: Aporocotylidae) from Arothron hispidus (Osteichthyes: Tetraodontidae) from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia

A new genus of fish blood flukes (Aporocotylidae Odhner, 1912) is proposed for a species found on reefs surrounding Lizard Island on the northern Great Barrier Reef. Rhaphidotrema kiatkiongi gen. et sp. n. was recovered from the heart of the stars-and-stripes pufferfish, Arothron hispidus (L.) (Tetraodontidae). Rhaphidotrema kiatkiongi is notable as the first digenean reported to possess a penis stylet. It also differs from all other aporocotylid flukes in having a combination of 18-19 testes in a group at the ends of the intestinal caeca, a broad lanceolate body shape with a dextrally-directed posterior bend at the level of the male genital pore, and separate genital pores, with the female genital pore distinctly sinistral and the male genital pore slightly dextral to midline. This is the second species of aporocotylid fluke reported from this pufferfish.     

拟鞘线虫属2个新种

 福建拟鞘线虫新种(Hemicriconemoides fujianensis n.sp.)采自福建省龙海县的荔枝(Litchi chinensis Sonn.)根部和根际土壤。它与近似种芒果拟鞘线虫(H.mangiferae Siddqi,1961)和荔枝拟鞘线虫(H.litchi Edward&Misra,1963)的主要区别是雄虫无交合伞(H.mangiferae和H.litchi的雄虫有退化的交合伞);与另一近似种伯氏拟鞘线虫(H.birchfieldi Edward,Misra&Singh,1965)的主要区别是雌虫体环(R)、阴后环(Rv)和肛活环(Ran)的数目较少。茶花拟鞘线虫新种(H.camellia n.sp.)采自福建龙岩农业学校的山茶花(Camellia japonica)的根部和根际土壤,它与近似种奇氏拟鞘线虫(H.chitwoodi Esser,1960)的主要区别是雌虫有小的阴门鞘,后阴唇变化较大、中部凸起或凹陷,体环数目较少;雄虫无交合伞。     

拟短体线虫属一新种

 甘薯拟短体线虫新种(Pratylenchoides batatae n. sp.)根据采自河北省卢龙县前双庙的甘薯根部及根际土壤中的一个拟短体线虫种群进行描述和作图。新种的主要鉴别特征是:唇区有5个唇环,侧区4条侧线并有网格纹,尾呈圆柱形、有24~26个体环,尾端圆、具粗纵纹。食道腺末端覆盖于肠背面,2个亚腹食道腺核均在背食道腺核之后,一个亚腹食道腺核位于食道-肠瓣门前的腹面、另一个位于食道-肠瓣门稍后。近似种为齿尾拟短体线虫(P. crenicauda),该种与新种的主要区别是:唇区3~4个唇环,侧区有6条侧线、无网纹,亚腹食道腺核一个在背食道腺核前、另一个在背食道腺核后。新种为两性种。模式标本保存于福建农林大学植物保护学院植物线虫学实验室。     

葡萄根围二种剑线虫(矛线目:长针线虫科)的鉴定

 从我国湖南、山东和河北三省的一些葡萄园中发现了二种习居于葡萄根围的剑线虫,分别为美洲剑线虫(Xiphinema americanum Cobb,1913)和湖南剑线虫新种(X.huna-niense n.sp.)。湖南剑线虫新种的主要鉴别特征是阴门极靠身体前部(V=24-27),阴道向后斜,与身体横径成明显的角度(8-21℃);仅一个后生殖枝,旁边分支形成二个卵巢;尾部末端中间指状突起很长(20-22μm);幼虫尾部比成虫尾部细长,末端指状突起也较长;各虫龄的c'值与虫龄大小成反比;没有发现雄虫。湖南剑线虫与巴西利亚剑线虫(X.brasilienseLordello,1951)和太平洋剑线虫(X.radicicola Goodey,1936)最接近,但存在明显的区分特征。     

Granulinema gen. n. a new dracunculoid genus with two new species (G. carcharhini sp. n. and G. simile sp. n.) from the bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas (Valenciennes), from Louisiana, USA

Two new species of dracunculoid nematodes, G. carcharhini sp. n. and G. simile sp. n., representing a new genus Granulinema gen. n. (Dracunculoidea: Micropleuridae) are described from the bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas, from Louisiana (Lake Borgne), USA; the site of their localization in the host is unknown (probably abdominal cavity). The nematodes of both species were found in tissue juice and only males, juvenile females and body fragments of more advanced but nongravid females were obtained. Granulinema gen. n. differs from Micropleura, the only other genus in the family Micropleuridae, mainly by the presence of marked, dark excretory corpuscles in lateral excretory canals, pointed tail in females, greater number (6) of postanal pairs of caudal papillae in males, and by the presence of conspicuous transverse cuticular ornamentations on the body surface of mature females. The two new species can be easily distinguished from each other by the length of their spicules (0.78-0.90 mm in G. carcharhini sp. n. and 0.20-0.36 mm in G. simile sp. n.); moreover, there are two pairs of preanal papillae in the male of G. carcharhini sp. n., while there are three pairs in G. simile sp. n.     

Posterotestes unelen gen. et sp. n. (Digenea: Apocreadiidae) from Percichthys trucha (Osteichthyes: Percichthyidae) in Patagonia, Argentina

Posterotestes gen. n. (Digenea: Apocreadiidae, Apocrcadiinae) is proposed for specimens with the following features: spiny body, posterior position of gonads, extension of vitelline follicles up to level of intestinal bifurcation and absent at post-testicular space, long oesophagus and extension of caeca up to anterior testis. Posterotestes unelen sp. n. is described from the intestine of the native fish, Percichthys trucha (Cuvier et Valenciennes) (Osteichthyes: Percichthyidae) from Patagonian Andean lakes.