烟蚜茧蜂繁育及对烟蚜的防治效果探索

653100云南省玉溪市红塔区许家湾路26号（农职院生活区）     

“小种子”何以长成“大产业”

近年来 ,山东省宁阳县立足实际 ,长远规划 ,按照区域化布局、专业化生产、社会化服务、法制化管理的基本思路 ,紧紧依靠科技进步 ,培育建设种子技术市场 ,营造良种业发展的最佳环境 ,大力发展良种产业 ,使农作物制种业迅速成长为全县农业和农村经济的一大主导产业。目前 ,全县制种已有 6大系列30多个品种 ,面积达 2 6万亩 ,年产量 4 0 0 0万公斤 ,年产值 4亿元 ,占农业总产值的 19% ,其中 ,黄瓜制种占了全国需求量的 70 %以上。 1998年 8月被国家特产经济委员会授予“中国蔬菜良种之乡”称号。1　坚持产学研结合 ,加快自主创新 ,提高制种科…     

如何保证所扦样品具有代表性

扦样是种子检验的首要环节,是开展种子检验工作的第一步,扦样技术正确与否直接影响种子检验结果.如果扦样有问题,扦取样品缺乏代表性,那么无论后来检测多么准确,都不会获得符合实际的检验结果,从而对整批种子质量作出错误的判断.因此,探讨如何才能扦到具有代表性的种子样品非常重要.那么,怎样才能保证所扦样品具有代表性呢?     

Greenhouse technique to evaluate onion resistance to pink root

Summary An assay for resistance of onion to pink root Pyrenochaeta terrestris was developed, employing infested vermiculite medium with an adequate inoculum concentration of the fungus to minimize escapes of susceptible plants.Plant material other than seed was used. Either root-excised 6–8 week-old seedlings or onion sets were planted in infested vermiculite, and kept for two successive 2-week periods of growth differing in light and temperature regimes. During the first phase a short-day regime of 10 h and 17±1°C was kept, under which a vigorous root system was obtained. For an additional 12–14 days under 26±1°C and 12 h light the prolific roots were then exposed to the optimal temperature for disease development.This technique enables one to distinguish easily between susceptible Allium cepa material and a resistant line of A. fistulosum.Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel. No. 1022-E, 1984 series.     

关注品种维权保护农民利益

品种权是农业知识产权的一部分;品种维权要依法进行,规范操作,并注意时效性.凡<农作物品种保护名录>公布后繁殖的新品种,必需在 1年内申请保护.无论是垄断生产、独家经营,还是有偿转让的保护品种,进入市场必需要具备"三号"、"两证".销售价格要兼顾农民利益.保护品种的有偿转让,不能变相卖包装、标签、标识.     

农药对农作物的危害及预防

探讨了农药对农作物产生危害的原因,分析了农药对农作物产生危害的类型,进而提出了预防补救措施和正确使用农药的方法。     

RAPD markers linked to resistance to downy mildew disease in soybean

To determine and utilize RAPD markers linked to resistance to downymildew incited by Peronospora manshurica in soybean, a resistantcultivar `AGS129' was crossed to a susceptible cultivar `Nakhon Sawan 1'(NS1). F₂ and BC₁ populations were advanced from the F₁ and evaluatedfor resistance to the disease. ²-test demonstrated that the resistancewas controlled by a single dominant gene (Rpmx). Near-isogenic lines(NILs) and bulked segregant analysis (BSA) were used to identify RAPDmarkers linked to the gene. Six DNA bulks namely F₅(R), F₅(S),BC₆F₃(R), BC₆F₃(S), F₂(R) and F₂(S) were set up by pooling equalamount of DNA from 8 randomly selected plants of each disease responsetype. A total of 180 random sequence decamer oligonucleotide primerswere used for RAPD analysis. Primer OPH-02 (5 TCGGACGTGA 3 andOPP-10 (5 TCCCGCCTAC 3) generated OPH-02₁₂₅₀ and OPP-10₈₃₁fragments in donor parent and resistant bulks, but not in the recurrentparent and susceptible ones. Co-segregation analysis using 102 segregatingF₂ progenies confirmed that both markers were linked to the Rpmxgene controlling downy mildew disease resistance with a genetic distance of4.9 cm and 23.1 cm, respectively. Marker OPH-02₁₂₅₀ was presentin 13 of 16 resistant soybean cultivars and absent in susceptible cultivars,thus confirming a potential for MAS outside the mapping population.     

玉米海南繁殖育种应注意的技术要点

从上个世纪60年代开始至今,每年冬季都有很多陆地区的育种单位和个人利用海南独特的自然条件进行农作物种子科研、生产,不仅使新品种、新组合的育种周期大大缩短,而且促进了我国主要农作物推广品种的更新和换代,为我国的粮食增产和"菜篮子"的丰盛做出了巨大的贡献.笔者曾多次去过海南进行玉米新品种自交系的选育和繁殖,现结合本人工作实践,浅谈玉米南繁育种应注意的技术要点,供参考.     

Sensitivity of trout to chronic and acute exposure to selenium

Trout were exposed to selenite (Na₂SeO₃) solutions of varying concentrations (0.1–100 ppm Se) for periods of up to 4 weeks. The results showed that a chronic exposure to 0.1 ppm Se or less is non-lethal to trout. Lethality at higher concentrations depends on the lenght of exposure. Trout that survive for ten days in tap-water after contamination will not die as a result of selenium toxicity and can thus safely be used for human consumption.     

强化种子管理工作适应新型种业体系建设

“国以农为本、农以种为先”，科技兴农，种子先行。充分发挥种子在振兴农村经济中的主导作用，改革、理顺种子管理体制，推动新型种业体系建设，全面推进种子管理法制化，维护农民合法权益，促进农村经济持续、稳定、健康发展，实现全面建设小康的社会目标。     

做好农作物新品种区域试验需要重视的问题

<正>1承试人员素质是基本要求具备德才兼备的试验责任人员,是搞好区域试验工作的可靠保证。一个好的试验责任人员,首先要具有高度事业心和责任感,要有严谨的工作态度,能够做到吃苦耐劳,勇于奉献;其次要具备优良的道德品质和     

Potato Tuber Resistance to Phytophthora infestans and its Relation to Maturity

Tuber resistance to P. infestans was evaluated in the progeny of potato genotypes differing in levels of resistance and maturity. Two methods of tuber evaluation were used: testing whole tubers and testing tuber slices. In the progeny, some genotypes were superior in resistance to the more resistant parent. This superiority was never associated with early maturity. The results of both tuber-testing methods were positively correlated but the interaction genotypes X years was more pronounced in the reaction of tuber slices. It is concluded that: (1) transgression in tuber resistance may be obtained, (2) a high level of tuber resistance is difficult to combine with early maturity and (3) the expression of genes for specific resistance was more pronounced in testing tuber slices than in testing whole tubers.     

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