不同贮藏条件下野生蕨菜生理特性的变化研究

以野生蕨菜为试材,以刚采收的鲜样为对照,研究了室内放置3d和冰箱冷藏3d2种处理对野生蕨菜顶芽、幼叶、成熟叶和成熟茎中的蛋白质、叶绿素、丙二醛(MDA)含量及过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响,以期研究不同贮藏条件下野生蕨菜采后生理特性的变化情况。结果表明:新鲜野生蕨菜各部位都富含蛋白质及叶绿素;随着采摘后贮藏时间的延长,蛋白质和叶绿素含量下降,过氧化物酶(POD)活性降低,丙二醛(MDA)含量不断升高;冰箱冷藏与室内自然放置相比,具有较高的蛋白质和叶绿素含量,但保持较低的POD活性及MDA含量,说明冰箱冷藏比室内放置更能保存蕨菜的各部分营养成分。     

野生蕨菜研究进展

从蕨菜主要成分及其功能、种苗繁殖、高效栽培模式及加工技术几个方面综述了野生蕨菜研究现状。并结合开发野生资源、保护生态、提高经济效益和社会效益等方面,提出了现阶段发展野生蕨菜需进一步研究的重点问题,展望了野生蕨菜未来的发展方向。     

野生蕨菜研究进展

从蕨菜主要成分及其功能、种苗繁殖、高效栽培模式及加工技术几个方面综述了野生蕨菜研究现状.并结合开发野生资源、保护生态、提高经济效益和社会效益等方面,提出了现阶段发展野生蕨菜需进一步研究的重点问题,展望了野生蕨菜未来的发展方向.     

种植驯化蕨菜套种特抗寒水晶大樱桃效益高

虽然近年来不少地区将野菜家种取得了一定效益,但是在技术上存在着不足之处,其表现为产量低,成本高,品质差等最终导致烂根死苗现象,所以至今没有大规模发展起来,而使用驯化山蕨菜代替原有栽培方法让驯化山蕨菜得到大面积种植及大缓解人们及出口不足需求,驯化山蕨菜不论在露地、温室大棚中还是房前屋后,果树葡萄架下只要不长期存水就能正常生长,特别驯化山蕨菜与抗寒水晶大樱桃套种(已申请国家知识产权局专利项目)收入更高,一般(667平方米两年后)生产鲜蕨菜1500～3500千克,产大樱桃1000～2000千克收入最低三万元左右,温室生产效益更高,其栽培…     

蕨菜无公害种植及加工技术介绍

蕨菜食用部分为由叶芽生长出来未展开的羽状叶和幼嫩叶柄,是一种营养价值很高的野生山菜,有“山菜之王”的美称。蕨菜种植为种一次收益多年的长效项目,省功,不愁出售产品,年收入每公顷2~3万元。蕨菜没有休眠期,栽培形式多样化,即荒地、耕地都能栽培,露天、设施都能栽培生产,经济效益高。本文对蕨菜种植及加工技术总结如下,供广大菜农朋友参考。     

野生大黄藤人工种植技术初探

通过对野生大黄藤种子繁育、茎藤扦插试验,野生大黄藤人工驯化栽培试种、测产及人工种植大黄藤生物碱含量测定等,探索其人工种植基本技术要点,为生物药材大黄藤大面积生产提供理论依据。     

四种葱属植物野生和栽培农艺性状观察与分析

以山韭、长梗韭、细叶韭、野韭4种野生葱属植物为研究对象,调查了不同地区、不同生境下(开阔草地和半郁闭林下)的几种野生葱属植物的农艺学性状,并对其进行不同海拔梯度的栽培驯化,为开发利用野生葱属植物提供依据。结果表明:野韭、长梗韭、细叶韭、山韭等葱属植物经过人工栽培均可适应塞北和天津试验基地的生长条件,而且其性状大部分比野生的要好,如花冠幅等性状均显著高于野生状态;长梗韭的花朵在开阔生境地更鲜艳,山韭的花朵在高海拔地区较低海拔地区种植更鲜艳;山韭和细叶韭在天津基地的总体表现优于塞北基地;但野韭在塞北基地的生长表现优于天津武清。     

野生白肉灵芝固体培养特性、驯化栽培及活性成分分析

为充分发掘利用西南地区野生灵芝资源,基于形态学及多基因联合系统发育分析,鉴定出1份采自昆明市的野生白肉灵芝（Ganoderma leucocontextum）。以分离纯化获得的菌株为试验材料,进行固体培养特性和驯化栽培研究,并对驯化栽培获得的子实体进行活性成分测定。结果表明,白肉灵芝菌丝固体培养最适的碳源为葡萄糖,氮源为蛋白胨,无机盐为三氯化铁,pH为5.5,温度为26℃。驯化栽培的白肉灵芝出菇整齐,漆状光泽度高,农艺性状优良,单朵子实体平均鲜质量、干质量和生物学效率分别为61.60 g、24.80 g和10.26%。对栽培获得的子实体进行活性成分测定,测得其多糖、三萜、总氨基酸、蛋白质和脂肪含量分别为1.51%、3.21%、17.24%、17.20%及2.40%,各成分含量明显高于赤芝、紫芝和部分已选育的白肉灵芝品种。研究结果为西南地区珍稀野生灵芝种质资源的发掘及开发利用提供了参考。     

长白山厥菜家植栽培技术探析

蕨菜具有很高的营养价值,是不可多得的绿色食品。近年来,随着人们生活水平的提高,人们对健康也越来越关注,对无毒无害的绿色食品更加青睐,致使新鲜的野生蕨菜市场价格越来越高。对此,有些人开始种植培养蕨菜,以供市场需求。本文就蕨菜的属性、食用价值、栽培的技术进行分析,供有关栽植人员参考。     

不同栽培方式对灵芝活性成分的影响

通过5种不同栽培方式对灵芝活性成分影响进行研究。结果显示,多糖含量最高的为椰糠栽培,最低为太白山栽培,含量由高到低的顺序为椰糠、尖峰岭、野生、果园、太白山;蛋白含量最高的为椰糠栽培,最低的为果园栽培,含量由高到低的顺序为椰糠、尖峰岭、野生、太白山、果园;三萜含量最高的为椰糠栽培,最低的为果园栽培,含量由高到低的顺序为椰糠、太白山、野生、尖峰岭、果园。由于不同栽培方式的灵芝活性成分的含量差异极显著,这为选择获得较高的某一活性成分的栽培方式提供依据。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.