船舶靠泊过程中废气排放特征及控制措施

指出了船舶大气污染防治将是未来交通运输行业环境保护领域的重点,介绍了船舶废气污染控制技术发展现状,对船舶靠泊过程中的废气排放进行了分析,并对相应的污染控制措施及其实际应用现状进行总结。     

火电厂烟气脱硫技术研究

阐述了脱硫技术的分类和比较成熟的几种脱硫工艺技术,以及各个脱硫技术在我国的应用情况。指出了合理运用这些先进的工艺技术,可以取得经济和环境的双重效益。     

船舶废气中NO_X排放量核算方法及减排措施

指出了船舶大气污染物中以NO_X控制难度最大,重点针对船舶废气中NO_X发生量核算方法和减排措施进行了分析总结,为控制港口氮氧化物提供量化依据,并对未来船舶废气中NO_X减排措施主要方向给出了建议。     

汽车喷漆废气VOCs处理技术应用进展

简述了汽车喷漆废气VOCs处理的几种处理技术,以及其发展历程、适用范围、各自的特点及应用前景等。指出了因汽车行业的喷漆废气的典型特点是风量大、浓度偏低,"沸石浓缩转轮吸附/脱附+催化燃烧"适用于小轿车喷漆废气VOCs处理;"活性炭吸附/脱附+溶剂回收"适用于厢式货运车喷漆废气处理;生物降解处理技术更适用于客车喷漆废气处理,因客车的生产工艺有别于轿车和厢式货运等车型,客车喷漆的废气量更大、浓度更低,使用其它处理方式的建造成本、运行成本都将极高,且占地面积很大。     

改进型机动车节油废气净化器

改进型机动车节油废气净化技术系列产品适用于所有以燃油为动力的汽车、拖拉机、摩托车,还适用于燃油锅炉、船舶的节油和净化废气排放.该项产品是在现有技术和同类产品的基础上,通过多年的研究、改进、反复试验,并经路试研制而成.与以前的产品比较,该产品体积小,重量轻,各项性能指标均大幅度提高,并且原材料减少,生产工艺简化,安装使用快捷,生产成本大为降低.     

空气净化装置

该装置适用于生活垃圾、废水处理厂的恶臭废气的处理,还可应用于脱硫、脱氮、去除工业烟道气等。该技术以光的化学和生物材料配合,通过隐形集风罩及半隐形集风罩(隐形集风罩是透明薄膜塑料胶和塑     

XL高效沼气脱硫器的研制

沼气脱硫器在广西的使用情况　　沼气的主要成分：甲烷60％、二氧化碳39．5％、硫化氢（H2S）0．5％左右（体积百分比）。硫化氢及其燃烧废气对人体和环境危害甚大，对家用电器、金属制品（沼气炉具等）具有严重的腐蚀性，缩短电器的使用寿命。使用脱硫器能有效去除硫化氢，改善燃气具尤其是沼气热水器的燃烧质量。　　目前，广西市场上的沼气脱硫器，基本上是采用化学脱硫和物理脱硫两种方法。有液体脱硫器和固体脱硫器之分。固体脱硫器采用物理吸附方法，可再生利用；液体脱硫器采用化学反应吸收（与HS反应）生成新的硫化物从而达到剔除…     

化学品船油船码头装船作业废气排放特征研究

随着各省市挥发性有机物排放标准的颁布,化学品油品装船作业废气已受到广泛关注,现阶段对船舶装载产生的挥发性有机气体要求进行回收处理,在这一环保要求下,对化学品船油船装载废气的排放特征进行了分析,并对相应的污染控制措施及应用现状进行了总结。     

湿法脱硫烟囱防腐现状探析

指出了在国家环保政策的推动下,石灰石-石湿法脱硫技术得到了普遍应用,随之而来的烟气腐蚀问题给整个脱硫工序带来了新的挑战。针对国内防腐现状,分析了脱硫工序中烟气的特点及腐蚀机理,并详细阐述了4种主要的防腐技术。     

废气治理中臭氧技术及生物技术应用分析

指出了现阶段我国社会经济呈现出一种持续稳定发展的态势,工业发展速度得到大幅度提升,但是在工业发展过程中也带来了一定的环境污染问题,其中废气污染在工业污染中的占比较大,在传统型废气治理技术实际应用的过程中,难以满足现阶段我国提出的废气治理要求,因此应当在废气治理工作中,科学合理地应用先进技术措施,使废气治理效率及效果得到保证,从而令我国生态环境稳定性得到保证,从而也就可以促使我国逐渐向着可持续发展的方向转变。     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.