藿香正气药渣对泌乳獭兔生产性能的影响

本试验旨在研究添加藿香正气药渣对泌乳母兔生产性能的影响。选取同期分娩,体重相近健康的种獭兔20只,随机分成4组,每组5只。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组为试验组,Ⅳ组为对照组,试验组分别添加1%、2%、3%的中药渣。结果表明:与对照组相比,Ⅲ组母兔泌乳性能及仔兔的生长性能均有显著提高(P<0.01)。母兔体重变化与对照组相比,差异不显著(P>0.05)。由此说明,藿香正气药渣可提高泌乳獭兔生产性能,降低饲养成本。     

葡萄糖氧化酶对泌乳母兔生产性能及体况恢复的影响

为研究葡萄糖氧化酶(glucose oxidase,GOD)对泌乳母兔生产性能及其产后体况恢复的影响,试验选择同期分娩泌乳母兔60只,随机分成5组,每组12只,调整所哺喂的仔兔数,每窝7只,每组仔兔总数相等(84只)。I组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,II、III、IV、V组为试验组,分别饲喂基础日粮加0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%的GOD。预饲5 d,试验期30 d,结果表明:各试验组母兔泌乳力均高于对照组,其中0.4%添加组与对照组差异接近显著水平(P=0.078);试验组窝平均断乳仔兔只数、仔兔断乳成活率、母兔和同窝仔兔的平均日采食量均高于对照组(P0.05);试验组仔兔初生、21日龄、28日龄时窝重、断乳窝重均高于对照组(P0.05);0.4%添加组的母兔泌乳期失重显著低于对照组(P0.05),综上所述,日粮中添加葡萄糖氧化酶能够提高母兔泌乳性能,利于母兔体况恢复和断乳前仔兔发育,尤以0.4%添加组母兔泌乳力、仔兔增重、断乳成活率最高,母兔泌乳性能最优。     

法国伊普吕兔泌乳特性及其对仔兔生长的影响

选用法国伊普吕母兔 12只 ,分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ组 ,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组每只母兔哺育仔兔各为 7只和 8只 ,观测泌乳特性及其对仔兔生长发育的影响。结果表明 :全期 35天 ,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组每只母兔泌乳量各为 6 2 0 2g和 6 2 96 g(P >0 0 5 ) ,泌乳曲线相似 ,产后第 15～ 18天为泌乳高峰 ;Ⅰ组泌乳力和每只仔兔吮乳量比Ⅱ组分别高 1 9% (P >0 0 5 )和 12 6 % (P <0 0 1) ;仔兔随日龄增长 ,乳转化均渐减 ,日增重则不断提高 ,35日龄Ⅰ组仔兔个体重比Ⅱ组高 18% (P <0 0 1) ,于 2 8～ 30日龄断奶可行。     

精氨酸或N-氨甲酰谷氨酸对母獭兔繁殖性能和断奶幼兔生长性能及抗氧化能力的影响

旨在探讨精氨酸(Arg)或N-氨甲酰谷氨酸(NCG)对35 d哺乳期母獭兔繁殖性能及断奶幼兔生长性能和机体抗氧化能力的影响。选取哺乳期母兔45只,随机分为5组:基础日粮组(对照组)、基础日粮+0.3%Arg组(试验Ⅰ组)、基础日粮+0.6%Arg组(试验Ⅱ组)、基础日粮+0.03%NCG组(试验Ⅲ组)、基础日粮+0.06%NCG组(试验Ⅳ组),试验期35 d;选取35 d断奶体重相近健康幼兔100只,分为5个组,饲喂日粮和母兔组一致,试验期21 d。结果表明:试验Ⅱ、Ⅳ组母兔体重出现不同程度增长,再次受胎率Ⅱ组最好;哺乳仔兔21 d、35 d个体重,试验Ⅱ、Ⅳ组显著高于对照组(P0.05)。断奶幼兔试验中,各试验组末重、日增重均显著高于对照组(P0.05);试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的日采食量显著高于对照组(P0.05),但料重比无差异,试验Ⅰ、Ⅳ组日采食量、料重比均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。与对照组相比,哺乳35 d的各试验组仔兔血清抗氧化指标无显著差异(P0.05);而断奶幼兔在试验21 d时,试验Ⅲ、Ⅳ组血清SOD活力均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:日粮添加精氨酸或NCG能维持母兔体重,提高哺乳仔兔个体重,并能提高断奶后幼兔个体重、平均日增重及降低料重比,且NCG能提高断奶后幼兔的抗氧化能力。     

热应激条件下添加中草药渣对獭兔生产性能、血液生化及免疫功能的影响

为研究热应激条件下添加中草药渣对獭兔生产性能、血液生化及免疫功能的影响,本试验选用42日龄生长兔80只随机分成4组,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组为试验组,分别添加1%、2%、3%清瘟败毒中草药渣,Ⅳ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮。结果表明:与对照组相比,中药渣组獭兔的日增重和饲料报酬提高,饲养成本降低,生长兔的血液生化和免疫指标均有不同程度的改善,其中血清中免疫球蛋白G(lg G)和三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T_3)水平显著升高(P0.05),肌酸激酶(CK)和皮质醇(cortisol)含量显著降低(P0.05)。由此说明,清瘟败毒中草药渣能提高獭兔生产性能和免疫力,提高饲料转化率,降低热应激的作用。     

中草药添加剂对獭兔母兔泌乳力的影响

试验旨在研究日粮添加不同水平的中草药添加剂对母兔泌乳力影响。选取99只体重相近、胎次相同的母獭兔,随机分为3组,每组33只,分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮+1%中草药添加剂和基础日粮+2%中草药添加剂。预试期4 d,正试期26 d（分娩后第0天至下一次配种前1天）。检测其产仔性能及分娩第0、7、14、21和28天的泌乳量。试验结果表明,饲喂2%中草药添加剂的母兔产后不同时间泌乳量极显著（P<0.01）或显著（P<0.05）高于对照组;1%添加剂组母兔泌乳量与对照组相比有增加趋势,但差异不显著（P>0.05）;随着中草药添加量的增加,仔兔断奶成活率逐渐提高,但差异不显著（P>0.05）。综合以上试验结果,中草药添加剂有提高母兔泌乳力及仔兔断奶成活率的效果,以添加量为2%为宜。     

中药渣对獭兔生产性能和营养消化率的影响

试验旨在研究热应激下添加中药渣对獭兔生产性能和营养消化率的影响。选用42日龄獭兔随机分成4组,每组5个重复,每重复4只獭兔。分别添加0、1%、2%和3%的清瘟败毒中药渣。结果表明:试验组平均日增质量、干物质采食量和饲料转化率均有高于对照组的趋势,其中2%组与对照组相比差异显著。随着清瘟败毒中药渣添加量的增加,粗蛋白和粗脂肪的营养消化率有所下降,但差异不显著。这表明,清瘟败毒中药渣能提高獭兔生产性能和饲料转化率,有降低热应激的作用。     

木瓜粉对新西兰白兔繁殖性能及泌乳性能的影响

选取前2胎产仔数相近、体况一致的新西兰白兔妊娠母兔48只,随机分成3组,探讨木瓜粉对母兔繁殖性能、泌乳量及血清激素等指标的影响。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别在基础日粮中添加5％、10％木瓜粉。妊娠18天时试验开始至仔兔30日龄断奶时结束,为期42天。结果显示：与对照组相比．试验组仔兔初生窝重、21天窝重、断奶窝重显著提高（P〈0．05）,产仔数、活仔数、断奶数等差异不显著（P〉0．05）．两试验组间差异不显著（P〉0．05）;木瓜粉显著提高母兔7、14、21天的泌乳量（P〈0．05）,提高21天血清E2、PRL水平（P〈0．05）。结果表明添加木瓜粉可提高母兔的繁殖性能和泌乳性能。     

饲粮能量水平对泌乳母兔生产性能和血清生化指标的影响

为了研究饲粮能量对泌乳母兔生产性能和血清生化指标的影响,选用75只平均体重(3.85±0.15)kg预产泌乳母兔,开展为期38 d的饲养试验。试兔随机分为3组,单笼饲养,每组饲喂消化能(DE)水平分别为9.45 MJ/kg(A组),10.45 MJ/kg(B组)和11.45 MJ/kg(C组)的日粮,日粮其他营养成分依据NRC(1977)泌乳母兔营养需要配制,试兔常规饲养管理。结果表明:随日粮能量浓度的增加,母兔日采食量A组显著高于B、C组(P0.05),泌乳力、仔兔断奶成活率A、B组显著高于C组(P0.05),仔兔断奶窝重呈显著性降低现象(P0.05),断奶个体重A组显著大于B组(P0.05),和C组差异不显著(P0.05);血清总蛋白、球蛋白B组显著高于其他两组(P0.05),胆固醇、血脂四项C组显著高于A、B组(P0.05),白蛋白、尿素氮和血糖浓度各组间无显著性差异(P0.05)。综合分析认为,适宜的能量水平(9.45~10.48)MJ/kg可以提高泌乳母兔的繁殖力、断奶窝重、仔兔断奶个体重及成活率,降低血液胆固醇和甘油三酯浓度,过高能量水平不利于泌乳母兔生产。     

中草药饲料添加剂对獭兔母兔泌乳性能的影响

为了探讨中草药添加剂对獭兔母兔泌乳性能的影响,试验选用健康美系母兔30只,按性别对等原则分成5组。试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加不同比例的中草药添加剂,测定仔兔初生活仔数和窝重、21,30日龄窝重及仔兔成活率。结果表明:饲粮中中草药添加量为1.2%时,獭兔幼兔生长发育最好,成活率最高,且与对照组比较差异显著(P0.05)。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.