不同基质配比对酸柚苗生长的影响

通过设置不同基质配比处理,筛选出较适合酸柚苗的基质配方,为无籽蜜柚优质砧木繁育提供理论依据。以椰糠、表土、甘蔗灰和菜籽饼为原料,按不同体积比配制9种栽培基质进行容器育苗,并测定各基质理化性质及苗木生长生理指标。结果表明:不同基质配比处理对酸柚苗的苗高、径粗、叶片增加数、总生物量及叶绿素含量方面影响显著,其中T5(1/3椰糠、1/3表土、1/3菜籽饼)综合表现最好,其次为T2(2/3椰糠、1/6表土、1/6菜籽饼)和T9(2/3表土、1/6甘蔗灰、1/6菜籽饼),表现较差的为T1(2/3椰糠、1/6表土、1/6甘蔗灰)、T4(1/3椰糠、1/3表土、1/3甘蔗灰)和T7(1/6椰糠、2/3表土、1/6甘蔗灰)。结合苗木生长状况及基质成本,认为体积比为1/3椰糠、1/3表土、1/3菜籽饼的栽培基质较适合酸柚苗生长。      

基质与营养液耦合对工业大麻扦插苗生长及产量的影响

为探究温室条件下工业大麻扦插苗栽培的最优基质和营养液配方,进而为工业大麻扦插苗规模化无土栽培提供理论依据。于2021年在长春市农业博览园温室下设置4种栽培基质(泥炭Z1、岩棉Z2、珍珠岩Z3和椰糠Z4)和3种营养液处理(M1、M2、M3),研究栽培基质种类和营养液配方对工业大麻扦插苗营养生长特性、基质温湿度及花叶产量的影响。结果表明,基质和营养液耦合对基质温度无显著影响,基质的湿度为泥炭>椰糠>珍珠岩>岩棉;椰糠+营养液1处理(Z4M1)的工业大麻扦插苗花叶产量、茎粗、植株干物质积累量及开花前后的干物质积累速率均最高。在营养生长期和成熟期,工业大麻扦插苗的干物质积累速率和分配比例均表现为根系最低,茎秆次之,叶片最高。成熟期的工业大麻扦插苗花叶产量与植株干物质积累量、叶绿素含量、叶片含氮量、株高、茎粗和分枝数呈极显著正相关,与土壤温度及土壤湿度无相关性。试验发现,椰糠+营养液1为工业大麻扦插苗温室栽培的最适基质和营养液组合。     

巴西香蕉苗静置水培营养液配方的初步筛选

采用静置水培法，使用4种不同的营养液配方，并以清水培养和椰糠基质栽培为对照，对巴西香蕉苗进行生长比较试验。结果表明：在香蕉苗增加的生物量方面，BXM配方(巴西木植物营养液)处理与椰糠栽培的差异不显著，但与日本园试配方、Hoagland植物营养液配方、1/2 MS培养基营养元素配方和清水培养的差异显著；在株高和叶面积方面，均以椰糠栽培的最大，BXM配方处理的居次，接下来依次是Hoagland植物营养液配方、日本园试配方、1/2 MS培养基配方和清水培养。综上所述，在这4种营养液配方中，BXM配方是巴西香蕉苗生长的最适营养液配方。     

不同基质对香蕉组培苗生长及光合特性的影响

用椰糠与砖红壤土配成的6种不同基质栽培巴西香蕉组培苗,进行生长效果的比较；采用Li-6400便携式光合测定仪测定组培苗的净光合速率(pn)、蒸腾速率Tr等的日变化,通过相关性分析不同光合参数对净光合速率(pn)日变化的影响.结果表明:以椰糠:壤土=1:2配方对组培苗的生长效果最好；组培苗在不同基质下的净光合速率(pn)、蒸腾速率、气孔导度等变化趋势相似,其中以椰糠:壤土=1:2处理的数值最高,椰糠:壤土=4:1最低,胞间CO2浓度的数值则相反.6种基质栽培的香蕉组培苗以T2,即椰糠:壤土=1:2配制最适合香蕉组培苗生长.     

栽培基质对蝴蝶兰苗木生长的影响

不同栽培基质对蝴蝶兰组培苗移栽及成苗生长影响试验表明：基质A(苔藓)、B(椰糠：泥炭：珍珠岩=l：1:1)、C(蛇木条：珍珠岩=8：2)均适宜作蝴蝶兰组培苗的移栽基质，其移栽后6个月时成活率均达90％以上；且移栽前炼苗3．5天有利于移栽成活及叶片生长。综合考虑成活率、叶片生长及生产成本，可首选苔藓作蝴蝶兰组培苗的移栽基质。另A、B、C三基质也适宜作蝴蝶兰成苗的栽培基质，其自出瓶后17个月时株均抽花梗率达42％，但考虑到生产成本，规模化生产时可采用基质A与B，如用A作栽培基质，春季应及时换盆。     

基质对蝴蝶兰组培苗落地和成苗生长的影响

不同栽培基质对蝴蝶兰组培苗落地及成苗生长影响试验表明：基质A(苔藓)、B(椰糠：泥炭：珍珠岩=l：l：1)、C(蛇木条：珍珠岩=8：2)均适宜作蝴蝶兰组培苗的移栽基质，其移栽后6个月时成活率均达90％以上；且落地前炼苗3—5天有利于移栽成活及叶片生长。综合考虑成活率、叶片生长及生产成本，可首选苔藓作蝴蝶兰组培苗的移栽基质。另A、B、C三基质也适宜作蝴蝶兰成苗的栽培基质，其自出瓶后17个月时株均抽花梗率达42％，但考虑到生产成本，规模化生产时可采用基质A与B，如用A作栽培基质，春季应及时换盆。     

基于衍生化GC-MS法分析不同栽培基质对铁皮石斛代谢的影响

栽培基质是影响铁皮石斛生长的主要因素之一,本研究拟选用松树皮(PB)、椰糠(CC)和松树皮:椰糠(PC,1:1)的复合基质栽培铁皮石斛,基于代谢组学思路探究栽培基质对铁皮石斛茎生长代谢的影响.通过环刀法测定3种基质的物理性质,利用苯酚-硫酸比色法测定铁皮石斛茎的多糖含量,采用硅烷化衍生化法结合气相色谱-质谱法检测铁皮石...     

不同基质对中苗期红掌生长及体内氮、磷、钾、钙、镁养分吸收利用的影响

通过不同体积比的粗砂、椰衣、椰糠、花生壳、谷壳的组合对中苗期红掌品种“热情”的处理,研究了不同基质配比对中苗期红掌植株的生长以及N、P、K、Ca、Mg养分吸收利用的影响,结果表明：配方为V椰糠∶V谷壳∶V花生壳＝2∶1∶1的栽培基质其各项理化性状更优,且最有利于中苗期红掌的生长及干物质的积累;中苗期红掌地上部及地下部N、P、K、Ca、Mg的利用率之间无显著规律性,但上述元素的积累量也在配方为V椰糠∶V谷壳∶V花生壳=2∶1∶1的栽培基质上最高。     

不同基质对秋枫全冠苗生长及生理指标的影响

采用盆栽试验法,研究不同栽培基质对秋枫全冠苗生长和部分生理生化的影响。结果表明:除对照组外,其它3种基质的理化性状差异并不是特别显著;不同基质处理间秋枫叶片的丙二醛、可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量差异不显著,说明四种基质的环境对秋枫苗木的生长来说并不是逆境,秋枫在这四个基质中均可正常生长,是适应性很强的植物。综合胸径和冠幅等表现生长数据和叶绿素、丙二醛、脯氨酸等生理指标,外加基质的理化性状进行分析,基质T2中秋枫的生长状况最好,冠幅最大,叶绿素含量最高。因此,本实验中最适合秋枫生长的基质配比为:泥炭土:椰糠:黄心土:河沙:有机肥=5:1:2:1:1。     

姜荷花盆栽基质筛选初步研究

为筛选出适合姜荷花盆栽的基质配方,以椰糠、泥炭土、珍珠岩、红壤土等为材料,按不同比例混配成6种不同复合基质,研究不同复合基质配方对姜荷花生长发育的影响。结果表明,不同基质对姜荷花的萌芽率无明显影响,椰糠:泥炭土:珍珠岩:红壤=3:3:1:3(体积比)的复合基质是姜荷花盆栽较佳的栽培基质。     

Effects of processing methods on the quality and acceptability of melon milk

Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of melon milksamples prepared from toasted, autoclaved, boiled andgerminated melon seeds were determined. The germinated melonmilk (GMM) had higher protein and ash contents butlower pH and viscosity than the other treated milk samples.Toasting the melon seeds improved the ash, protein, totalsolids and soluble solids of melon milk more than theboiling and autoclaving processes. The mean sensoryscores showed that the GMM was rated lower than the othertypes of processed milk samples for all the sensoryattributes evaluated. The toasted melon milk (TMM) hadhigher sensory ratings for color, mouthfeel and flavorand was generally preferred to the other treated melonmilk samples.     

The effect of solvent treatment on the chemical composition and organoleptic acceptability of traditional condiments from Nigeria

Three Nigerian condiments from locust bean, melon, and soya bean were prepared by the traditional technique of uncontrolled fermentation and then partly defatted by hexane and di-ethyl ether extraction respectively. Proximate analysis and consumer preference tests were conducted. Results showed that while crude protein, ash and fibre contents remained virtually unchanged, the carbohydrate contents of the treated condiments (derived by difference) increased remarkably. The increase was associated with the significant reduction of about 50% (p=0.05) in lipid contents of the three condiments. The observed solvent effect correlated positively with panelists' preference rating for the treated locust bean and melon condiments. Except with the soya bean condiment, higher mean scores were observed after the solvent treatment for the four sensory attributes assessed. However, condiment-type and treatment notwithstanding, colour and odour appear to critically determine the level of acceptability of condiments.     

Variation in the responses of melon and watermelon to Macrophomina phaseolina

Macrophomina phaseolina is the causal agent of charcoal rot disease, which attacks many plant species, including those in the Cucurbitaceae. The fungus is frequently isolated from wilted melon and watermelon plants in Israel. Nevertheless, the role of M. phaseolina in disease progress and induction of wilting or yield reduction in watermelons and melons is not clear and not similar. Precise disease identification is important in order to suggest effective control measures. The objective of the current study was therefore to investigate disease progress and document its damage in watermelon and melon. Watermelons and melons were seeded in a field naturally infested with M. phaseolina and in the greenhouse in 10-L pots containing dune sand. Plants were inoculated at 35 days of age using two methods: drenching with macerated fungus around the crown area or stabbing the lower stem with an M. phaseolina-infested toothpick. Disease progress was documented in the field and in the greenhouse. Plant colonization and symptom development were more pronounced in melon than in watermelon. Large lesions and significant internal rotting developed in melon plants inoculated by the two methods in both field and greenhouse. In watermelon, however, no lesions or internal rotting were observed. Disease effect on melons and watermelons was observed only in the field, a short time before harvest, and was expressed as partial wilting and significant loss of shoot and fruit fresh weight similarly to disease appearance under natural infection. No wilting of melons or watermelons was observed in the greenhouse experiment.     

酶法制备大豆多肽的研究

本文研究了以Alcalase碱性蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶水解大豆蛋白制备大豆肽的工艺。确定了酶水解的最佳温度、底物浓度、酶与底物浓度比,得到了Alcalase碱性蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶水解大豆分离蛋白的最佳水解工艺。     

苦瓜汁、菊花茶复合茶饮料的研制

研究苦瓜菊花清凉饮料的生产工艺,采用VC和氯化锌等复合护色剂对苦瓜进行护色,用氯化钠和柠檬酸进行脱苦;以菊花浸提时间、温度、固液比为主要因素,对菊花的浸提工艺进行了优化,最后进行苦瓜菊花汁饮料的配方优化。结果表明,采用苦瓜汁8 %、菊花茶汁60 %、白砂糖8 %、柠檬酸0.12 %等配比,可制得营养丰富、口感适宜、清暑止渴、品质优良的苦瓜菊花清凉茶饮料。     

Microbial populations associated with the retting of melon pods ( Colocynthis citrullus L.) during seed recovery

The traditional process for the retting of melon pulp and microbiological characteristics in the recovery of melon seeds ( Colocynthis citrullus L.) were investigated. Melon pods were sliced open and exposed for seven days. The pulp underwent a natural fermentation that was characterised by the growth of microorganisms to 108–1010 cfu/g. The pH fluctuated between 4.8 and 5.1 with a lactic acid content of 0.72%. Bacillus subtilis, B. polymyxa, Lactobacillus fermentum, L. brevis and Streptococcus faecalis were the predominant microorganisms but, significant contributions were made by Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Enterobacter cloacae. Penicillium, Aspergillus and Rhizopus species including the yeasts, Sacharomyces cerevisiae Candida krusei and Deboromyces hansenii were isolated from the fermentation. Growth of microorganisms was completely inhibited in antibiotic-treated samples indicating that the melon pods were the main source of microorganisms for the fermentation.     

基质对马铃薯疮痂病抑制效果研究初报

通过不同营养基质对马铃薯脱毒微型小薯疮痂病的抑制效果 ,从环境角度研究筛选防治疮痂病的新基质配比 ,首次提出利用工业废渣糠醛防治疮痂病的思路。结果表明 :采用蛭石 4∶火山石 1∶火炉渣 1∶草木灰 1∶糠醛渣 1的新配比基质 ,可有效抑制脱毒微型小薯疮痴病的发生 ,同时增加了基质的营养 ,所生产的微型小薯商品薯率也有明显提高 ,生产成本降低     

茶叶杜瓜高效立体栽培技术研究初报

茶树在进化过程中形成了喜阴喜湿和喜漫射光、怕强光直射的特性,适度遮阴的条件下,可改变茶园田间小气候,从而提高茶叶产量和品质。本研究茶叶和杜瓜立体栽培,充分利用了土地资源,提高复种指数,增加单位面积产出率。作者认为,一般茶树品种皆可套种,然白化类黄化类茶树品种尤为适应。杜瓜密度以每667m~220~30株为宜,杜瓜藤蔓在棚顶30%~40%左右的遮阴率为佳,将有利于茶树生长提高产量并改善茶叶品质。过密藤蔓造成茶园过度遮阴,茶树冠面阳光不足将影响茶树生长降低茶叶产质量。杜瓜套种使春茶开采期提早2~3天;每667 m~2茶园增收茶叶450元,杜瓜籽增收2700元,净产值增加2100元,比普通茶园增收20%~30%。     

4个黄瓜品种比较试验

对新津研4号、揭阳翠绿、绿冠胡瓜、津春4号等4个黄瓜品种进行品种比较试验。结果表明：揭阳翠绿大吊瓜茎粗、蔓长、叶面积、叶绿素都优于对照津春4号；但单瓜重、单株产量以绿冠胡瓜较大，揭阳翠绿大吊瓜较小；绿冠胡瓜可溶性固溶物少，含水量高，硬度较小，揭阳翠绿大吊瓜可溶性固溶物多，含水量低，总酸度、硬度大。     

武鸣县木薯间(套)种模式的产量与效益分析

2009年,广西区武鸣县建立6个木薯间(套)种模式示范基地,对验收产量及其效益分析的结果表明：西瓜、南瓜、香瓜或毛节瓜套种木薯、以及木薯间作花生或大豆的鲜薯单产比对照(纯种木薯)提高6.1%～25.2%,总收入是对照的1.6～4.2倍,净收入是对照的1.7～4.9倍,其中,瓜类套种的效益优于花生和大豆间作。2009年,以上木薯间(套)种模式的种植总面积达到13 800 hm2,占全县的49.3%。