SNP对康乃馨切花保鲜的初步研究

[目的]探讨SNP对康乃馨切花的保鲜作用。[方法]以硝普钠（SNP）为一氧化氮供体,研究浓度为5、50、100、1 000μmol/L时的SNP对康乃馨切花保鲜寿命的影响。[结果]SNP浓度为100μmol/L时对康乃馨切花的影响最大,可明显延缓弯茎出现、增加切花鲜重及维持较高含糖量,延长切花瓶插寿命。[结论]一定浓度的SNP处理康乃馨切花可延长切花瓶插寿命,提高观赏价值。     

出口切花菊复种甘蓝经济效益分析

辽阳地区开展出口切花菊生产已有近10年历史,由于当地气候条件比较温和,无霜期较长,塑料大棚生产出口切花菊仅需85～90 d,切花菊栽前或栽后仍有90 d左右的空闲时间,利用塑料大棚的空闲时间复种一茬甘蓝等蔬菜作物,不仅可增加经济效益,还可解决切花菊栽培连作障碍问题。通过对辽阳地区2010年出口切花菊与甘蓝复种进行经济效益分析,结果表明:出口切花菊与甘蓝复种,1栋大棚(660 m2)可增加销售收入4 500元,远远高于单一种植出口切花菊经济效益。     

多头切花菊新品种'荷襄'的选育及栽培技术

"荷襄"具有株形美观,花型独特优美,花色清新,花枝紧凑均衡等特点,2014年通过辽宁省种子管理局非主要农作物品种备案办公室备案。该品种为多头托桂型切花菊,适宜辽宁地区保护地栽培。针对该品种的选育、品种特性及栽培技术要点进行介绍,为其推广生产提供依据。     

三亚地区切花向日葵产业化的发展前景

简述三亚地区切花向日葵生产状况和目前生产中存在的问题,并对其发展前景进行探讨。     

文心兰切花产业化栽培基质的筛选研究

选用4种基质材料，并根据4种基质优缺点和文心兰切花品种生理特性，设计9个基质配比处理和1个对照进行文心兰切花产业化栽培基质筛选研究，比较单种基质和不同配比混合基质对文心兰切花营养生长和生殖生长的生物性状各项指标的影响，观测原始数据通过统计学软件SPSS进行方差分析和主成分分析，筛选出适合文心兰切花产业化栽培的基质配方为蜂窝碎石＋松树皮＋椰子壳＋木炭(2∶2∶1∶1)。     

促进菊花扦插生根的技术方法总结

菊花，原产于我国。栽培始于周秦，是国我栽培历史最悠久的传统名花之一。切花菊花作为当今国际花卉市场上五大切花之一，其销售量在切花生产中属首位，年产量约占切花总量的三分之一左右，是最大众化的一种切花。目前，我国切花菊的生产和供应比较落后，其中一个原因是存在大量繁殖的问题。采用组培方法无疑是一种很科学的繁殖技术，但成本昂贵，技术性强。而采用常规繁殖一扦插方法，既能保持母本优良性状，又简单易行，但生根率不是很理想，受季节及品种的限制很大。我们通过一年试验，采用不同基质、同不激素浓度处理以及有否薄膜覆盖等…     

唐菖蒲引种试种初报

本文报道“亨廷松等”等１２种唐菖蒲在漳州地区试种栽培的适应性情况，由于种球带病及球茎偏小之故，切花质量和开花率较不理想，且品种间有所差异。本文只作适应性初步观察，有等于进一步观察研究。     

不同海拔高度对百合繁殖及其鲜花生产品质的影响

通过引种数个东方百合、麝香百合品种，在不同海拔高度的山地条件下进行栽培和繁殖，并比较和分析不同品种的农艺、商品性状和繁殖效果。结果表明：本省气候条件下海拔800m左右的山地最适合东方百合的切花生产和繁殖，而麝香百合的栽培和繁殖范围最好选择在海拔400m-800m的山地进行。     

栽培条件对小苍兰鲜花质量及球茎产量的影响

小苍兰(Freesia hybrida Hort.)原产非洲南部,为非耐寒性的球根切花花卉,在欧洲许多国家及我国上海以北地区不能露地越冬,需温室栽培.我们自1983年以来,连续6年观察研究了小苍兰在福州地区露地栽培的适应性表现,并探讨了影响小苍兰开花及球茎产量的若干因素.在以上工作的基础上,我们于1987年～1989年又进一步探讨栽培条件对小苍兰鲜花质量和球茎产量的影响.     

切花唐菖蒲日光温室栽培技术

根据河南省切花唐菖蒲栽培发展现状和存在的问题,开展了日光温室栽培技术研究,从品种选择、土壤选择、土地整理、种球选择与处理、播种、肥水管理、环境要求、病虫害防治、采收等方面总结并制定了河南省地方标准《切花唐菖蒲日光温室栽培技术》,由河南省质量技术监督局签署发布实施。     

海口市琼山区土壤速效养分状况调查

调查分析海南省海口市琼山区土壤养分现状，对该区8个乡镇的2 644个土样检测结果进行统计分析。结果表明：海口市琼山区土壤肥力水平较高，但各养分含量不均匀，特别是磷素含量严重缺乏；氮和钾素供应水平适中，而且各个地区含量不平衡，相差较大。此次土壤养分调查结果揭示了海口市琼山区不同地区的土壤养分状况，为今后耕地地力综合评价和科学施肥提供了参考依据。     

Characterizing N uptake and use efficiency in rice as influenced by environments

To compare N uptake and use efficiency of rice among different environments and quantify the contributions of indigenous soil and applied N to N uptake and use efficiency, field experiments were conducted in five sites in five provinces of China in 2012 and 2013. Four cultivars were grown under three N treatments in each site. Average total N uptake was 10–12 g m^?2 in Huaiji, Binyang, and Haikou, 20 g m^?2 in Changsha, and 23 g m^?2 in Xingyi. Rice crops took up 54.6–61.7% of total plant N from soil in Huaiji, Binyang, and Haikou, 64.3% in Changsha, and 63.5% in Xingyi. Partial factor productivity of applied N and recovery efficiency of applied N in Changsha were higher than in Huaiji, Binyang, and Haikou, but were lower than in Xingyi. Physiological efficiency of soil N and fertilizer N were lower in Changsha than in Huaiji, Binyang, and Haikou, while the difference in them between Changsha and Xingyi were small or inconsistent. Average grain yields were 6.5–7.5 t ha^?1 (medium yield) in Huaiji, Binyang, and Haikou, 9.0 t ha^?1 (high yield) in Changsha, and 12.0 t ha^?1 (super high yield) in Xingyi. Our results suggest that both indigenous soil and applied N were key factors for improving rice yield from medium to high level, while a further improvement to super high yield indigenous soil N was more important than fertilizer N, and a simultaneous increasing grain yield and N use efficiency can be achieved using SPAD-based practice in rice production.     

Control of Fusarium wilt of carnation using organic amendments combined with soil solarization,and report of associated Fusarium species in southern Spain

Fusarium wilt is a disease that restricts carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) yield worldwide. Efficacies in reducing the Fusarium wilt of carnation (FWC), of various types of organic amendments (fresh or pelletized poultry manure, pelletized Brassica carinata and olive residue compost) combined with soil solarization, were compared in two biennial field trials conducted in a greenhouse with a history of carnation monoculture over 8 years. Soil treatments combining organic amendments and soil solarization significantly reduced disease incidence (86–99%) and increased the number of commercial carnation stems by 5–9 times compared to non-treated plots. Twenty-one Fusarium spp. isolates, with different colony morphologies were recovered from soil samples taken in the greenhouse, before the application of treatments in June 2013. Nineteen of them were morphological and molecularly characterized. Additionally, two pathogenicity tests with 17 isolates recovered from greenhouse soils and two isolates recovered from organic amendments were performed. Fusarium species associated with carnation cultivation were identified as Fusarium oxysporum (43%), Fusarium proliferatum (24%), and Fusarium solani (33%). The phylogenetic analysis of the translation elongation factor 1 alpha (EF-1α) region distinguished highly aggressive isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. dianthi, from low aggressive isolates. The pathogenicity tests showed that FWC has a complex etiology, with several Fusarium spp. identified as causal agents. F. proliferatum and F. solani are associated with carnation wilt for the first time in Spain.     

Effects of soil amendment with poultry manure on carnation Fusarium wilt in greenhouses in southwest Spain

In a search for alternatives to methyl bromide for controlling carnation vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi (Fod), poultry manure plus soil solarization was studied in soil under greenhouse conditions in four 2-year experiments. These were conducted in naturally infested soil to compare the effects of this treatment with soil solarization alone and methyl bromide. Soil treatments were performed during June 2000 for Experiment 1, from July to mid-August 2002 for Experiment 2, from late July to late August 2006 for Experiment 3 and from late May to late June 2008 for Experiment 4. Additionally, a treatment with commercial poultry manure pellet plus soil solarization was included in the two latter experiments. Poultry manure caused reductions of Fod viability in soil samples at depths of 15 and 30 cm, ranging respectively from 93 to 100% and 89 to 100% for Experiments 1, 2 and 3. Carnations planted in plots treated either with poultry manure, methyl bromide or soil solarization had lower final disease incidences, smaller areas under their disease progress curves and higher yields in comparison with untreated plots in Experiments 2, 3 and 4. In Experiment 1, soil solarization was performed under suboptimal conditions, and it provided disease levels and yields similar to those of the untreated control plots. Nevertheless, under the same conditions, previous amendment of Fod-infested soil with poultry manure increased disease control over soil solarization alone, improved carnation yield and quality and also increased plant vigor, thus providing a satisfactory alternative to methyl bromide. The application of organic amendment to the same plot before every crop cycle is recommended to ensure continuous disease control, but the rates of application could be reduced to half for the third and fourth crop cycles, thereby reducing undesirable environmental effects.     

巴蜀地区花生青枯病的分布及防治对策研究

自20世纪70年代后期以来,我们对巴蜀地区(原四川省)花生青枯病的分布及防治对策作了大量研究.发现了巴蜀地区有花生青枯病发生,发病面积30khm2左右、约占全国发病面积的10%;明确了四川盆地南部的酸性红、黄壤土区是主要病区,其次是江河沿岸的老冲积黄壤和新冲积潮沙区土,在碳酸盐紫色土上尚未发现花生青枯病;明确了汞制剂、铜制剂、托布津等杀菌剂,和一般性轮作、深耕等农艺措施,对花生青枯病无有效的防治作用,而选用抗病品种能有效地遏制花生青枯病蔓延为害,并筛选出一批抗病品种用于生产.     

花生青枯病的分布及防治对策研究

20世纪70年代后期以来，我们对巴蜀地区(原四川省)花生青枯病的分布及防治对策作了大量研究。发现该地区有花生青枯病发生，发病面积30khm^2左右、约占全国发病面积的10％；本项目明确了四川盆地南部的酸性红、黄壤土区是主要病区，其次是江河沿岸的老冲积黄壤和新冲积潮沙区土，在碳酸盐紫色土上尚未发现花生青枯病；明确了汞制剂、铜制剂、托布津等杀菌剂，和一般性轮作、深耕等农艺措施，对花生青枯病无有效防治作用，而抗病品种能有效地遏制花生青枯病蔓延为害，并筛选出一批抗病品种用于生产。     

钾肥对鲜食型马铃薯产量及品质的影响

通过使用不同用量的钾肥,研究不同用量K肥对鲜食型马铃薯植株性状、块茎品质和产量的影响。试验于2007～2008年,在张掖绿洲灌溉农业区灌漠土上进行。试验结果表明:随着K肥用量的增加,马铃薯株高、茎粗、地上部干重和块茎粗淀粉、蛋白质、干物质、维生素C含量增加,K肥用量增加到一定程度则下降;增施K肥可以显著提高马铃薯的产量,马铃薯的产量随K肥用量的增加而增加,当K肥用量增加到一定程度则递减;马铃薯在K肥适宜用量为180kg·hm-2时,其产量最高,块茎还原糖含量最低,综合品质最佳。     

东港区花生田土壤酸化现状调查及改良利用

重点调查东港区土壤酸化现状,通过科学布点定位、取土化验及土壤酸化分析,找出土壤酸化的原因,为酸性土壤改良提供科学依据。     

设施菜地夏季休闲期甜玉米经济产量及环境效益分析

在北京市门头沟、房山、大兴和通州等4个区选择15个典型设施菜地,设置田间观察对比试验,研究在北方设施菜地夏季甜玉米作为填闲作物的实际经济、环境综合效益。试验结果表明,种植甜玉米有较好经济效益,经济产量达15 168.0～20 332.8kg/hm2。在环境效益方面,种植甜玉米后可有效减少浅层土壤中的硝态氮含量,降低淋溶风险。与常规休闲(休闲期不种植作物)相比,种植甜玉米可使设施菜地0～100cm土层中的硝态氮含量平均减少290.4kg/hm2。在夏季休闲期种植甜玉米是北方设施菜地兼顾经济和环境效益的有效种植措施之一。     

复合生物菌剂对城市污泥堆肥发酵的效果

应用海南农丰宝肥料有限公司自主研发的复合生物菌剂对海口市白沙门污水处理厂的污泥进行发酵试验。结果表明,城市污泥堆肥通过接种复合生物菌剂,可以明显提高堆肥初期的发酵温度,延长高温持续时间,加快堆肥物料的水分挥发,缩短堆肥发酵周期,促进堆肥快速腐熟。试验产品无异臭味,总有效活菌数达到2×109个/g,符合GB20287-2006标准的要求,可用做城市污泥规模化堆肥发酵的生物菌剂。