绿色食品优质啤酒大麦产地环境质量及其评价

绿色食品啤酒大麦产地对大气、水源、土壤等环境质量因素有较高的要求和国家标准。着重介绍了农业环境质量评价程序、模式和标准。并采用南京大学环境科学系对淮海农场啤酒大麦生产基地的监测资料 ,对该场的农业生态环境的质量水平进行了综合评价。肯定了该场的生态环境质量良好 ,具备开发绿色食品的优越条件     

绿色食品优质啤酒大麦产地环境质量及其评价

绿色食品啤酒大麦产地对大气、水源、土壤等环境质量因素有较高的要求和国家标准。着重介绍了农业环境质量评价程序、模式和标准。并采用南京大学环境科学系对淮海农场啤酒大麦生产基地的监测资料，对该场的农业生态环境的质量水平进行了综合评价。肯定了该场的生态环境质量良好，具备开发绿色食品的优越条件。     

中国农产品产地环境质量现状及对策研究

系统分析了中国农产品产地土壤、水和空气环境的现状,讨论了农业投入品、农业废弃物、工业“三废”和生活污水等因素对产地环境的影响,提出了农产品产地环境的保护对策,为提高农产品质量安全提供依据。     

农业产业链理论与实践研究进展

通过对农业产业链相关研究的文献综述,界定了产业链和农业产业链的内涵。从农业产业链运行绩效的评价与影响因素、实证研究方法三方面,介绍了国内外农业产业链运行的实证研究现状,分析了农业产业链整合管理的研究进展。     

茶叶中多环芳烃污染水平及来源研究进展

在查阅国内外近20年来相关文献基础上,分析了茶叶中多环芳烃污染水平及分布规律,阐述了多环芳烃在茶叶种植、加工过程中的污染来源、环境行为和生物学效应,提出了新形势下茶叶产地环境对茶叶中多环芳烃污染来源的重要性,可为探寻茶叶中多环芳烃关键控制点,为进一步研究新环境下多环芳烃污染来源和开发风险控制技术提供思路。     

常德市农产品产地土壤环境质量现状分析

农产品产地环境是整个农业生产过程中最重要、最基础的环节之一。重点阐述了常德市农业产地环境的现状,分析了常德市土壤质量状况,提出了土壤污染治理的对策。     

福建省茶园土壤中重金属的监测与评价

采集了福建省8个地市茶园107个土壤样品，用原子吸收法和原子荧光法对土壤中的铜、铬、铅、镉、汞、砷等重金属含量进行分析测定，茶园土壤评价依据《GB15618—1995土壤环境质量标准》、《NY/T391—2000绿色食品产地环境技术条件》和《NY／T5020—2001无公害食品茶叶产地环境技术条件》，采用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法和潜在生态风险评价法。结果表明：福建省茶园土壤总体环境良好，满足土壤环境质量二级标准要求，绝大多数茶叶产地适宜发展无公害农产品和绿色食品茶叶种植。     

农田生态系统健康评价指标研究进展

农田生态系统的健康状况关系到作物的优质高产和农业的可持续发展以及生态环境清洁和人们的身体健康,近年来已成为农业、生态、环境等领域的研究热点。综述了近年来国内外学者对农田生态系统健康评价指标的研究资料,并对今后进一步的研究进行展望。     

高邮市蔬菜产地土壤重金属含量分析及土壤环境评价

[目的]评价高邮市蔬菜产地重金属的污染程度。[方法]以高邮市8个乡镇的主要蔬菜产地作为土样采集点,分析测定土壤中重金属汞、砷、铅、镉、铬和铜含量,并根据《无公害食品蔬菜产地环境条件标准》、《绿色食品产地环境质量标准》和高邮市土壤重金属背景值对检测结果进行单项污染指数和综合污染指数评价。[结果]依据无公害农产品产地环境质量标准,高邮市8个乡镇土壤单项污染指数和综合污染指数均小于1,完全符合无公害食品蔬菜产地环境的要求;依据绿色食品产地环境质量标准,个别蔬菜产地有2个重金属含量单项污染指数超标,其他重金属含量未超标,表明高邮市绝大多数蔬菜产地适宜发展AA级绿色食品;与1990年高邮市土壤背景值对比结果表明,土壤镉、铬、砷、铅、铜等均有一定程度增加。[结论]高邮市蔬菜产地的土壤环境质量基本满足蔬菜安全生产的条件。     

贵州凤冈县宜茶区土壤重金属含量状况及评价

对贵州凤冈县14个乡镇的宜茶土壤汞、镉、铅、砷、铬、铜6种重金属含量进行数据统计分析,根据NY/T5020—2001《无公害食品茶叶产地环境条件》、NY5199-2002《有机茶产地环境条件》、NY/T5295-2004《无公害食品产地环境评价准则》进行评价,为凤冈县茶园建设规划提供理论依据。     

Quantitative risk assessment for reclaimed wastewater irrigation on paddy rice field in Korea

Water shortage has become an important issue for Korean agriculture. Korea suffers from a limited agricultural water supply, and wastewater reuse has been recommended as an alternative solution. This study examined the concentrations of toxic heavy metals and Escherichia coli in a paddy rice field irrigated with reclaimed wastewater to evaluate the risk to farmers. Most epidemiological studies have been based on upland fields, and therefore may not be directly applicable to paddy fields. In this study, a Beta-Poisson model was used to estimate the microbial risk of pathogen ingestion. The risk value increased significantly after irrigation and precipitation. The results of the microbial risk assessment showed that risk values of groundwater and reclaimed wastewater irrigation were lower than the values of effluent directly from wastewater treatment plants. The monitoring results of heavy metals for each irrigated paddy fields did not show specific tendency. A risk assessment for toxic heavy metals was performed according to various exposure pathways; however, the results of the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risk estimation showed that the risk from reclaimed wastewater-irrigated paddy fields was the lowest.     

海南薇甘菊调查监测及其风险评估

通过对海南省主要农田、森林、自然保护区等生境及重要港口、旅游区的调查监测,掌握了薇甘菊在海南省的最新分布、危害现状与发生规律,并对其入侵风险进行了评估。结果表明,薇甘菊在海南省海口、文昌、临高、澄迈、五指山、琼海、定安、昌江、东方和屯昌10个市县、约40个乡镇均有发生,面积约1 105.3 hm2。薇甘菊的入侵风险评估值R达2.3,具有高度的入侵风险。薇甘菊已经入侵到海南的橡胶园、香蕉园、甘蔗园和生态林地中,对农业、林业、畜牧业等生产造成了不同程度的危害,对海南的生物多样性和生态环境产生了严重的潜在威胁,必须采取措施对其严格监测和防控。     

Economic impact assessment in pest risk analysis

According to international treaties, phytosanitary measures against introduction and spread of invasive plant pests must be justified by a science-based pest risk analysis (PRA). Part of the PRA consists of an assessment of potential economic consequences. This paper evaluates the main available techniques for quantitative economic impact assessment: partial budgeting, partial equilibrium analysis, input output analysis, and computable general equilibrium analysis. These techniques differ in width of scope with respect to market mechanisms (relationships between supply, demand, and prices), and linkages between agriculture and other sectors of the economy. As a consequence, techniques differ in their ability to assess direct and indirect (e.g. economy-wide) effects of pest introduction. We provide an overview of traits of the available methods to support the selection of the most appropriate technique for conducting a PRA. Techniques with a wider scope require more elaborate data, and greater effort to conduct the analysis. Uncertainties are compounded as methods with greater scope are used. We propose that partial budgeting should be conducted in any risk assessment, while more sophisticated techniques should be employed if the expected gains in insight outweigh the costs and compounded uncertainties.     

小麦氮素高效育种研究进展

氮素是植物生长的必需元素,也是粮食作物产量的一个重要限制因素。培育氮素高效利用的农作物新品种不仅可以降低农业生产成本,还可以从根本上解决氮素施用不当造成的各种问题,是新一代绿色高效农业的发展方向。本文综述了当前小麦氮素高效利用育种研究进展,包括小麦氮素利用效率的评价、小麦氮素响应的基因型差异、影响小麦氮素利用率的形态及理化性状、小麦氮素利用相关基因的挖掘及分子育种与传统育种相结合提高氮素利用率等。     

海南开展农药环境风险评估的必要性及优势

综述了海南省开展农药风险评估的必要性及优势,必要性包括：海岛本身的脆弱性;海南岛土壤类型复杂;农药对海南环境污染严重;农药对海南水产品、养蜂业影响严重。优势：海南丰富的野生动物资源。     

稻田养鸡的研究进展及应用优势

随着现代农业的发展及推进,因农业污染而带来的环境问题越来越突出,为现代农业找寻可持久性发展的方法及向绿色农业的转型成为了当今一大主题.在此大环境下,生态种养不仅实现了物质能量循环利用,还能将生产中的废弃物无害化甚至有用化,在很大程度上解决了现代农业发展带来的污染及资源浪费等问题.从稻田生态种养中的稻—鸡模式出发,介绍其模式优势、经济效益、环境友好性及可操作性,以期对该模式的推广及发展提供参考.     

浅析陇川农业污染源与农村环境保护

报道云南陇川县第一次农业污染源普查结果,提出了农业环境保护的对策和建议,为制定社会经济发展和环境保护政策、规划提供了依据。     

Prediction of the environmental concentration of pesticide in paddy field and surrounding surface water bodies

Pesticides are very important in European rice production. For appropriate environmental protection, it is useful to predict the potential impact of pesticides after application, in paddy fields, in paddy runoff, and in the surrounding water, by calculating predicted environmental concentrations (PECs). In this paper, a joint simulation is described, coupling a field-scale pesticide fate model (RICEWQ) and a transportation model (RIVWQ) to evaluate the potential for predicting environmental concentrations of pesticides in the paddy field and adjacent surface water bodies and comparing the predicted values with the monitoring data. The results demonstrate that the application of the calibrated field-scale RICEWQ model is a conservative method to predict the PEC at the watershed level, overestimating the observed data; the coupled RICEWQ and RIVWQ models could be adequately used to predict PECs in the surrounding water at watershed level and in the higher tier risk assessment procedure.     

生态农业中的农作物秸秆综合利用

从秸秆转化为饲料、肥料、能源、工业原料及作为基料生产食用菌等方面,深入阐述秸秆在农业生产中的重要用途及环保功能,以发挥秸秆对生态农业的促进作用,实现农业可持续发展。     

生态农业中的农作物秸秆综合利用

从秸秆转化为饲料、肥料、能源、工业原料及作为基料生产食用菌等方面,深入阐述秸秆在农业生产中的重要用途及环保功能,以发挥秸秆对生态农业的促进作用,实现农业可持续发展。