气候变化对福建省牧草气候生产潜力的影响

以福建省为研究区域,研究牧草生产力与气候条件的关系及其对气候变化的响应.结果表明,近50a来,福建省气温呈现升高趋势,平均每10 a升高0.2℃;年降水量变化总体上呈不显著的增加态势;牧草气候生产潜力随年代的变化呈先减后增的趋势;空间上以厦门地区最高,三明地区最低.降水量对福建省牧草气候生产潜力的影响明显高于气温.若未来温度每降低1℃,降水减少1 mm时,牧草气候生产潜力分别降低318.3 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)和22.7 kg·hm~(-2)a~(-1).     

南方稻区低碳农业发展的技术途径

阐述了南方丘陵区发展循环农业的重要性,指出我国南方丘陵区农业自然资源丰富,可利用潜力大,发展循环农业具有重要示范意义。从稻田系统循环、稻田系统外循环和区域系统循环三个层面探讨了南方丘陵区循环农业发展应重点解决的关键技术。     

RAPD技术在狼尾草属牧草上的应用

应用RAPD技术对来自福建、江苏、海南等17个狼尾草属(PennisetumRichard)牧草进行分析。筛选出5个能有效体现多态性和重复性的随机引物，并利用NTSYSpc软件，用类平均法(UPMGA)建立了17份狼尾草属牧草的遗传关系聚类图。结果显示：在相似系数0.68处，17份种质分Ⅰ、Ⅱ两个大簇，第Ⅰ簇11个品种，第Ⅱ簇6个品种。其中4对狼尾草品系可能存在同种异名的现象。RAPD分析结果与形态学分类基本一致，能很好地用于狼尾草属牧草种质资源的分析。     

贵州黔西南芭蕉芋生产潜力和发展建议

简述贵州黔西南布依族苗族自治州芭蕉芋产业现状和生产潜力;提出产业发展建议。     

我国南方双季稻区冬闲田种草模式探讨

利用冬闲田土秋冬种草能产生较高的经济效益和生态效益。介绍了我国南方双季稻区冬闲田的种草概况、存在的问题,提出了种植豆科（紫云英）牧草、禾本科（小黑麦、黑麦草）牧草、十字花科（油菜）牧草、豆科牧草和禾本科牧草混播4种模式。     

山西黄土丘陵区荒山造林技术研究

为了改善山西省生态环境,实施对黄土丘陵区生态系统的全方位改造,加强荒山造林技术应用,攻克黄土丘陵区造林难题,对山西省黄土丘陵区荒山造林工作开展状况进行研究、整理和分析,阐述了山西省黄土丘陵区荒山造林面临的现实困境,从前期规划、整地、造林、抚育管理、日常养护等多个环节提出黄土丘陵区荒山造林技术应用优化策略,以重塑黄土丘陵区绿色生态,推动绿色发展战略目标实现,为相关工作人员提供理论参考。     

西吉县马铃薯地膜覆盖栽培的生产潜力及其技术

为实现我县马铃薯产业的进一步升级,提高经济效益,笔者在多年试验研究的基础上,就我县马铃薯地膜覆盖栽培的生产潜力及其技术要点进行探讨,力求在马铃薯栽培上有新的突破,为生产应用提供依据。1马铃薯地膜覆盖栽培的生产潜力就马铃薯地膜覆盖栽培,我们在2001￣2003年三年中经过试验进一步作了详细的研究。试验设2个处理:(1)地膜覆盖,(2)露地(CK,未作任何处理),3次重复,随机排列,小区面积为2×8=16 m2,选用品种为大西洋。据观察测定,马铃薯地膜覆盖栽培可提早出苗,提早成熟,提高产量及经济效益。以下各类数据和结果均为我们在2001￣2003年试…     

牧草种子生产中落粒性的影响因素与防控技术

落粒性是牧草种子生产中的关键制约因素,通常造成无芒雀麦(Bromue inermis)、冰草(Agropyron cristatum)、老芒麦(Elymus sibiricus)、高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)、草地早熟禾(Poa pretensis)、路氏臂形草(Brachiaria ruziziensis)等优良牧草种子严重减产。本文重点阐述了种子生产中影响落粒性的因素,种子落粒性对种子生产的影响,相关减少种子落粒性的研究进展及措施,为今后在生产中降低牧草种子落粒性提供参考。     

不同密度对郑单958产量的影响

根据玉米密植早熟品种郑单958不同密度试验,确定康平地区郑单958一般地块种植密度应为60000~66000株/hm2,为康平地区玉米大田播种提供科学依据。     

我国南方红壤地区土壤质量评价研究进展

综述近年来我国南方红壤地区土壤质量评价研究的成果,指出土壤质量评价指标、评价方向、评价标准等方面存在的不足,以及今后研究的发展趋势。     

宁南山区马铃薯早疫病流行程度预测研究

马铃薯早疫病是马铃薯生产上的一种主要病害,为探讨该病中长期预测模型,指导大面积防治,利用宁南山区18年马铃薯早疫病流行程度和西吉县气象资料,采用多因子综合分析法,对马铃薯早疫病流行程度进行预测。结果表明:经2年预报和18年回测,其历史拟合率达95.0%,精确率达97.0%。在病害盛发前做出预报,有利于指导大田的防控工作。     

杂交水稻制种系列机械化技术研究总结

通过１９９０～１９９２年３年对杂交水稻制种系列机械化配套制种技术研究，结果表明，由于工效提高，保证了大面积适时栽植，花期相遇良好，异交结实率提高，同时可减少收获损失，种子产量增加１９．８％，为我国实现规模经营制种机械化提供了经验．     

不同覆盖物对红壤旱坡地土壤环境和花生生长的影响

以种植花生的红壤旱坡地为对象,研究液态地膜覆盖(LFM)、塑料地膜覆盖(PFM)、稻草覆盖(SM)和无覆盖(NM)对土壤环境和花生生长效应的影响。结果表明:有覆盖物可以显著增加土壤含水量,调节土壤温度,加快花生光合作用,使花生干物质的分配更合理,且提高花生产量;不同覆盖物对土壤和花生生长等各项指标的综合效应不同,表现为稻草覆盖塑料地膜液态地膜无覆盖。     

东北黑土区大豆根际促生菌生长条件及促生效应

通过摇瓶和盆栽试验,研究了东北黑土区大豆根际3株优势促生菌(FN,PD和SB)的生长条件和对大豆的促生效应。结果表明:3株大豆促生菌的最适温度均为25℃;FN在pH值5.0～9.0范围内生物量变化不大,PD和SB的最适pH值为5.0;1.0 g.L-1MnSO4对FN的生长具有一定的促进作用,PD受MnSO4抑制明显,MnSO4能够显著促进SB的生长;MgSO4能够加快FN的生长,PD和SB均在MgSO4浓度为1.0 g.L-1时生物量最大;FN和PD的生长最适盐分浓度均为1.0 g.L-1,SB的生物量与盐分浓度正相关;不同的菌剂对大豆的株高、茎粗、根干重、根鲜重、植株干重、植株鲜重和根冠比均有一定促进作用,FN+PD+SB处理对大豆的促生效果最好,3种菌株对大豆的促生效果中存在协同效应机制。     

Genomic regions associated with the degree of red coloration in pericarp of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The degree of red coloration (DRC) in pericarp of rice depends on the content of flavonoid compounds which have beneficial health effects for humans. In this study, 182 backcross-recombinant inbred lines (BILs) derived from Koshihikari (white pericarp)/Kasalath (red pericarp)//Koshihikari were used to detect the genomic regions associated with DRC through the QTL mapping approach. As a result, a total of four genomic regions were found to associate with DRC on chromosomes 1, 7, 9 and 11, respectively. Interestingly, the two genomic regions having the largest effects corresponded to previously characterized Rc and Rd genes on chromosome 7 and 1, respectively. In addition, two novel genomic regions having minor effects on DRC and located on chromosomes 9 and 11, respectively, are reported here for the first time. These results and the identification of tightly linked molecular markers that flank the genomic regions provide an opportunity for marker-aided improvement of red coloration in pericarp of rice.     

杂交水稻根际供氧对土壤氧化还原电位和产量的影响

以杂交稻组合Ⅱ优7954为材料,研究根际供氧对稻田土壤的氧化还原电位及水稻产量和物质生产的影响。结果表明,与淹水处理相比,根际供氧能提高稻田土壤氧化还原电位,提高各器官的干物重,促进分蘖早发,增加有效穗数、一次枝梗数和每穗实粒数,具有显著的增产效果。     

A benefit incidence analysis on the far-reaching effects of paddy-field consolidation projects

A paddy-field consolidation (PC) project was carried out with large subsidies as a public investment by prefectural governments in order to improve agricultural productivity in Japan. The purpose of this study is to analyze the quantitative benefits and costs of the PC projects. A benefit incidence (BI) analysis was used in view of the far-reaching effects on farmers to consumers. The results were as follows. First, with the recent decline in rice price, certain farmer benefits primarily derived from the projects have been transferred to consumers through rice price. The transfer ratio was more than half of the total improvement effect of rice productivity which occurred on the farmers’ side, and all economic sectors including farmers and consumers received net benefit even though all sectors paid construction costs or taxes. Therefore, maintaining flexibility in rice price plays an important role to secure net benefits and obtain an agreement of all people involved in the project. Second, some benefits with regard to effects on the rural environment that was not expected at the time of planning were revealed on many project sites. Evaluating these intangible effects will be more important for the tax payers in order to evaluate how the environment friendly planning of the project achieved benefits.

亚麻白粉病发生特点及防治技术研究

本文叙述了亚麻白粉痛的发生、发展、危害、病原茸侵染规律及病害综合防治措施，明确了该病的发生与品种抗性、耕作栽培厦气象因素等诸方面的关系，明确了种子带茸是该病害主要慢染源和传播途径，为综合防治亚麻白粉病提供了理论依据。     

Potential and cost of carbon sequestration in Indian agriculture: Estimates from long-term field experiments

Carbon sequestration in tropical soils has potential for mitigating global warming and increasing agricultural productivity. We analyzed 26 long-term experiments (LTEs) in different agro-climatic zones (ACZs) of India to assess the potential and cost of C sequestration. Data on initial and final soil organic C (SOC) concentration in the recommended N, P and K (NPK); recommended N, P and K plus farmyard manure (NPK + FYM) and unfertilized (control) treatments were used to calculate carbon sequestration potential (CSP) i.e., capacity to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) by increasing SOC stock, under different nutrient management scenarios. In most of the LTEs wheat equivalent yields were higher in the NPK + FYM treatment than the NPK treatment. However, partial factor productivity (PFP) was more with the NPK treatment. Average SOC concentration of the control treatment was 0.54%, which increased to 0.65% in the NPK treatment and 0.82% in the NPK + FYM treatment. Compared to the control treatment the NPK + FYM treatment sequestered 0.33 Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ whereas the NPK treatment sequestered 0.16 Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹. The CSP in different nutrient management scenarios ranged from 2.1 to 4.8 Mg C ha⁻¹ during the study period (average 16.9 yr) of the LTEs. In 17 out of 26 LTEs, the NPK + FYM treatment had higher SOC and also higher net return than that of the NPK treatment. In the remaining 9 LTEs SOC sequestration in the NPK + FYM treatment was accomplished with decreased net return suggesting that these are economically not attractive and farmers have to incur into additional cost to achieve C sequestration. The feasibility of SOC sequestration in terms of availability of FYM and other organic sources has been discussed in the paper.