几种药剂对褐足角胸叶甲的毒力测定

应用浸叶饲喂法测定6种药剂对褐足角胸叶甲(Basilepta fulvipes Motschulsky)成虫的毒力作用。结果表明：6种杀虫剂均对褐足角胸叶甲均有效果,其中25%联苯菊酯·啶虫脒·哒螨灵乳油、25%氯虫苯甲酰胺·啶虫脒·哒螨灵乳油、25%除尽·啶虫脒·哒螨灵乳油和25%多杀菌素·啶虫脒·哒螨灵乳油对褐足角胸叶甲成虫的毒力较高,LC50分别为23.519 8、7.432 3、23.602 6和15.977 7 mg/L。45%马拉硫磷乳油和20%甲氰菊酯乳油的毒力较低。     

6种药剂对大豆田蛴螬的田间药效试验

通过田间小区试验比较了70%噻虫嗪种子处理水分散粒剂WDG(锐胜)、60%吡虫啉悬浮种衣剂FS(高巧)、3%辛硫磷颗粒剂GR、40%毒死蜱辛硫磷乳油EC、15%阿维毒死蜱乳油EC、15%阿维辛硫磷乳油EC 6种杀虫剂对大豆田蛴螬的防治效果及大豆增产的效果。结果表明,药剂处理后,对大豆安全,未出现药害;70%噻虫嗪WDG对蛴螬的防效达79.41%,大豆增产率为45.43%;60%吡虫啉FS对蛴螬的防效为76.47%,大豆增产率为48.03%;70%噻虫嗪WDG和60%吡虫啉FS的试验效果显著高于防效和增产率分别在54.41%~69.12%、22.09%~34.56%之间的其他4种药剂;6种药剂对大豆苗期和成熟期大豆植株的株高、鲜重、单株豆荚数等指标均未产生显著影响。     

江西棉田主要刺吸式害虫飞防效果评价

为探索在棉花生产全程机械化背景下的植保无人机对江西棉田中后期危害较重的刺吸式害虫棉盲蝽、叶蝉、烟粉虱的防治效果,在各类刺吸式害虫发生偏重的棉田,使用大疆无人机喷施15%（质量分数,下同）阿维·螺虫悬浮剂750 mL·hm^－2（简称阿维·螺虫）、1.8%阿维菌素450 mL·hm^－2＋5%啶虫脒乳油450 mL·hm^－2（简称阿维＋啶虫脒）防治各类害虫,以清水为对照,分别调查药前各处理成虫、若虫基数和药后1、5、14 d傍晚棉株上残存成虫、若虫活虫数。结果显示：无人机喷施阿维＋啶虫脒防治盲蝽的速效性相对较好,药后1 d校正防效即达到45.1%,但阿维·螺虫后期防效较好,药后14 d校正防效高于前者38.7百分点;阿维·螺虫防治棉叶蝉药后5 d的校正防效与阿维＋啶虫脒药后1 d相当,后期防效高于阿维＋啶虫脒;2种药剂无人机喷施防治烟粉虱效果均较差。     

香蕉黑星病防治药剂田间试验

选用45%醚菌·腈水悬浮剂、30%醚菌酯可湿性粉剂、12.5%腈菌唑乳油、30%(苯醚甲环唑＋丙环唑)乳油,开展香蕉黑星病的田间防治效果评价。结果表明：供试的4种药剂6种施药倍数,对香蕉黑星病的防效均大于60%,其中45%醚菌·腈水悬浮剂1 000～1 500倍液的防效达76.96%～81.90%,与30%(苯醚甲环唑＋丙环唑)乳油1 500倍液的防效相当,且防效均显著高于12.5%腈菌唑乳油1 500倍液和30%醚菌酯可湿性粉剂1 500倍液。     

无人机和滴灌施药对棉蚜及其天敌的影响

通过田间小区试验研究了无人机喷施和滴灌施药方式下不同药剂对棉蚜及其天敌的影响。无人机施药结果表明，施药7 d后，对棉蚜防效最好的是70%（质量分数，下同）吡虫啉水分散粒剂、50%氟啶虫胺腈水分散粒剂、22%氟啶虫胺腈悬浮剂＋矿物油、20%啶虫脒可溶性粉剂＋50%二嗪磷乳油；除22%氟啶虫胺腈悬浮剂和22%氟啶虫胺腈＋矿物油对瓢虫的虫口减退率小外，其余药剂对瓢虫影响都很大。药剂滴灌试验结果表明，在棉蚜大发生期间，用20%康福多可溶性液剂、22%氟啶虫胺腈悬浮剂滴施均有较好的防蚜效果，且对棉花生长和田间天敌无显著影响。     

4种药剂对水稻褐飞虱的田间防治效果比较

选用50%烯啶虫胺可溶性粒剂、25%吡蚜酮可湿性粉剂、9.7%乙虫腈悬浮剂和25%噻虫嗪水分散粒剂防治水稻褐飞虱的田间药效试验。结果表明,每667m2使用50%烯啶虫胺可溶粒剂4 g,药后1 d和3 d对水稻褐飞虱的防效分别为25.70%、81.22%,速效性稍差,但7 d和14 d对水稻褐飞虱的防效达97.06%、88.32%,明显优于其他药剂,持效作用突出;每667m2使用25%吡蚜酮可湿性粉剂20 g和9.7%乙虫腈悬浮剂31 ml,药后14 d的防效均达86%以上;3种药剂防治水稻褐飞虱均具有较好的防效性和持效性,且对水稻安全,在生产上可作为防治水稻褐飞虱的药剂交替使用。     

2%噻虫胺·氟氯氰菊酯颗粒剂对黄曲条跳甲的防治效果

黄曲条跳甲是目前十字花科蔬菜的主要害虫之一,由于其为害特点,目前常用的喷雾法防治效果不佳,且容易导致杀虫剂残留超标。为了筛选对黄曲条跳甲有效的药剂和防治方法,本研究以芥菜为供试蔬菜,通过土壤处理试验,评价了2%噻虫胺·氟氯氰菊酯颗粒剂对黄曲条跳甲的田间防效和产量的影响。结果表明,2%噻虫胺·氟氯氰菊酯颗粒剂对黄曲条跳甲具有较强的防治效果。在供试剂量为2 kg/667 m ²时,处理后14、21、28 d的防治效果分别为76.67%、72.00%、70.64%,优于对照药剂1%联苯菊酯·噻虫胺颗粒剂。同时,该药剂对芥菜还具有一定的促生作用,与空白处理相比,2 kg/667 m ²的处理剂量下对芥菜的增产率为58.80%,在采收期芥菜残留分析结果显示,芥菜、土壤中噻虫胺与氟氯氰菊酯残留量均小于0.5 mg/kg,满足《食品安全国家标准 食品中农药最大残留限量》（GB 2763-2016）中对这2种杀虫剂的残留量的要求。由此可见,施用2%噻虫胺·氟氯氰菊酯颗粒剂采用根施法防治黄曲条跳甲的方法是安全有效的;而且,本研究中的根施法为一次性施药,与常规喷雾方法比较,大大降低了药剂用量和施药人力成本。     

马铃薯地上垄体栽培模式中害虫的防控技术

随着黑龙江省马铃薯地上垄体栽培模式推广面积的逐年增加,其害虫的防控技术已经成为制约该模式下马铃薯生产的重要环节,为解决这一问题,特设立6种化学及生物杀虫剂(5%吡虫啉乳油2 000倍液、3%啶虫脒乳油3 000倍液、48%乐斯本乳油2 000倍液、30%速克毙乳油2 000倍液、40%氧化乐果乳油2 000倍液、2%阿维菌素乳油2 000倍液)进行马铃薯瓢虫及蚜虫的田间药效比较试验及3%啶虫脒乳油对马铃薯瓢虫幼虫的室内杀虫活性的测定。经过对校正防效和虫口减退率比较分析,结果表明:3%啶虫脒乳油对马铃薯瓢虫与蚜虫施药7 d后的防效最高,分别达到84.94%和94.99%;其虫口减退率也最高,分别达到77.12%和92.04%。通过对LD50值比较6种药剂对马铃薯瓢虫的毒力,其中毒力最大的为3%啶虫脒乳油,LD50值为0.05。3%啶虫脒乳油对马铃薯瓢虫幼虫的72 h LD50为21.22 mg/L。由此可见,3%啶虫脒乳油是防治马铃薯瓢虫及蚜虫的有效药剂。     

中国向印尼订购椰衣纤维

采用22%啶虫脒窑仲丁威乳油防治田间稻飞虱袁结果表明,22%啶虫脒窑仲丁威乳油900g/hm2对稻飞虱的防治效果极显著优于对照药剂3%啶虫脒乳油和25%仲丁威乳油,药后第1天防效高达89.04%,药后第3天防效高达91.68%,药后第7天防效高达89.53%,且对水稻安全无药害遥22%啶虫脒窑仲丁威乳油高效、安全、快捷,是当前稻飞虱综合防治的理想药剂,可大面积推广应用。     

几种防治早稻稻飞虱农药的田间效果对比试验

为了验证呋虫胺、烯啶虫胺、吡蚜酮、哌虫啶、吡蚜·哌虫啶、吡蚜酮·醚菊酯等杀虫剂对水稻稻飞虱的防治效果,设置了对比试验。结果表明:25%呋虫胺可湿性粉剂、10%烯啶虫胺水剂、25%吡蚜酮悬浮剂、10%哌虫啶悬浮剂、30%吡蚜·哌虫啶悬浮剂、21%吡蚜酮·醚菊酯悬浮剂对水稻稻飞虱均有较好的防效。30%吡蚜·哌虫啶悬浮剂、21%吡蚜酮·醚菊酯悬浮剂、25%呋虫胺可湿性粉剂、10%烯啶虫胺水剂等4种药剂的持续防效最好,药后21 d防效都在95. 84%以上。     

Yield response of okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench to leaf damage by the flea beetle, Podagrica uniforma Jacoby (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Yield-related response of okra plants, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench, to artificial infestation of the flea beetle (Podagrica uniforma Jac.) at different densities (0, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 pairs per cage) was studied in screen house and field experiments. In both experiments, increase in beetle density resulted in a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in fruit production, fruit length, fruit width, fresh fruit weight, number of seeds per fruit, 100 seed weight and fresh fruit yield. In addition, higher densities caused more dry matter accumulation in the seeds than in the husk of okra fruits. Compensation was noticed at the 5- and 10-pair levels of infestation in some of the variables measured. Fresh fruit yield reduction was more than 50% when beetle density was increased beyond 20 pairs per cage in both experiments. The lowest density of P. uniforma at which significant reduction (P < 0.05) occurred in fresh fruit yield per cage, when compared with the control, was the 20-pair level, representing the damage threshold of the beetle at which initiation of control measures would be justified. Regression analysis indicated that flea beetle density was linearly associated with fruit damage and fresh fruit yield. Also, chi-square analysis showed that the models derived from the screen house and field experiments were not significantly different (P < 0.05) from each other, and either could be used for prediction purposes.     

小油菜播种期与密度对黄条跳甲危害程度的影响

在青海西宁地区，小油菜３月２１日～４月２０日播种，密度为４５、７５、１０５、１６５、２２５万株／ｈｍ２。黄条跳甲危害随播期推迟而加重，种植密度大，危害重。危害小油菜的黄条跳甲主要是黄宽条跳甲，其次为黄曲条跳甲，二者比例为３．３∶１。     

Flea beetle (Phyllotreta undulata Kutschera) sensitivity to insecticides used in seed dressings and foliar sprays

Flea beetles of the genus Phyllotreta (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), which are severe pests in spring oilseed rape, have become increasingly difficult to control in some areas in Sweden. The current practice for plant protection is to use seed treatments followed by foliar applications of insecticide. Seed treatment with the single, currently registered neonicotinoid insecticide (active ingredient: imidacloprid) was compared to untreated controls and seed treatment with clothianidin using Phyllotreta undulata Kutschera beetles from 10 locations. Beetles from the overwintered generation and the new generation from the same 10 locations were used in bioassays to detect possible reduced sensitivity to the pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin. Seed treatment with clothianidin provided better protection for seedlings than imidacloprid. Highly variable results were obtained from the pyrethroid bioassays, but tests performed on beetles collected in August indicated that most sampled beetle populations are still susceptible to lambda-cyhalothrin. It is, however, important that the need for foliar applications is minimized to avoid insecticide resistance selection pressure. This requires seed treatments with adequate efficacy against flea beetles together with cultural control measures that can reduce flea beetle damage.     

10种杀虫剂对双斑长跗萤叶甲的防治效果

选择拟除虫菊酯类、氨基甲酸酯类、有机磷类、大环内酯类、烟碱类、苯基吡唑类等10种常用杀虫剂,在室内对双斑长跗萤叶甲成虫的防治效果进行了比较试验,结果表明,双斑长跗萤叶对一般杀虫剂均较敏感,在供试药剂中,高效氟氯氰菊酯、灭多威、马拉硫磷3种药剂的速效性最好,防治效果最佳。     

不同药剂拌种对花生地下害虫的防治试验

采用药剂拌种,筛选防治花生地下害虫的药剂。结果表明,在花生果实膨大期,三种药剂各处理对花生田地下害虫的防治效果达60％以上,20％氯虫苯甲酰胺SC450g/hm2、22％吡虫·辛硫磷EC6750g／hm2。的防治效果达70％以上,但各处理差异不显著;花生果实收获期,20％氯虫苯甲酰胺SC450g/hm2、22％吡虫·辛硫磷EC6750g/hm2、地鹰20kg种子／100g的防治效果达60％以上。表明20％氯虫苯甲酰胺SC、22％毗虫·辛硫磷EC、地鹰在花生播种时拌种可用来防治地下害虫。     

Developing nominal threshold levels for Phyllotreta cruciferae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) damage on canola in Montana,USA

The flea beetles Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) and Phyllotreta striolata (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) are serious pests infesting canola (Brassica napus L.; Brassicales: Brassicaceae) in the Northern Great Plains of the United States. In Montana, P. cruciferae is the only flea beetle species that attacks canola during the crop growing stage. Management of P. cruciferae is usually focused on treating adults feeding on canola seedlings, which is the stage most vulnerable to flea beetle damage. In the Golden Triangle area in Montana, canola growers traditionally use seed treatments or calendar based spraying to control P. cruciferae. Here, we compared calendar-based spraying with seed treatment and threshold-based treatment. The experiment treatments included threshold levels (15–20, 25, 45% of leaf area damaged), calendar based sprays (15, 30 and 45 day intervals after plant emergence), seed treatments (imidacloprid), and untreated controls. The trials were done at two locations (Conrad and Western Triangle Agricultural Research Center). We found that calendar-based spraying at a 15-day interval did not differ significantly in yields from threshold-based treatment at 15–20% leaf damage. Also, the seed treatment did not give significantly higher yields compared to calendar-based sprays. A negative correlation was detected between leaf damage and yield in each treatment. Overall, calendar-based and threshold-based treatments were most effective in improving yields. However, treatment made at the threshold of 15–20% leaf area damage is recommended in order to reduce the number of chemical applications and also to reduce the possibility of selecting for resistance in flea beetles.     

新入侵害虫螺旋粉虱的田间药效试验及防效

螺旋粉虱(Aleurodicus disperses Russell)是新入侵我国海南省的l种外来有害生物,对农业生产和生态环境具有较大危害性.田间防治研究结果表明:10%(质量分数,以下各农药浓度均为质量分数)联苯菊酯乳油、10%高效灭百可乳油、4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油等3种菊酯类杀虫剂对螺旋粉虱均表现出良好的速效性和持效性,其中又以10%高效灭百可乳油防效最高,为98.32%～100%;40%乐果乳油、30%敌百虫乳油和40%乙酰甲胺磷乳油等3种有机磷类农药的防效以40%乙酰甲胺磷乳油较好,但都低于上述3种菊酯类农药的防效;98%巴丹粉剂速效性较好,持效性较低;18%杀虫双水剂的速效性和持效性均较差.     

药剂拌种处理对大麻病虫害的防治

本文研究了利用药剂拌种方法,对大麻病虫害进行综合防治。首先通过药剂筛选试验,选出对大麻出苗率、保苗率、收获株数提高和原茎、纤维增产及防病虫效果优异的药剂组合两个;然后再进行比较试验,对这两个药剂组合防治大麻病虫害效果进行研究。研究结果表明：每公顷用10%甲霜灵（0.75kg）＋48%代森锰锌（0.9kg）＋75%克百威（1.0kg）拌种,对大麻虫害跳甲、螟虫和病害茎腐病、灰霉病的防治效果分别达71.4%、80%和75.0%、58.3%;每公顷用15%多菌灵（1.0kg）＋75%克百威（1.0kg）＋10%福美双（1.2kg）,对大麻虫害跳甲、螟虫和病害茎腐病、灰霉病的防治效果分别达57.1%、60.0%和100%、75.0%。