中职学校创新创业教育与莆田区域特色协调发展的适应性研究

将中职学校创新创业教育与当前莆田区域特色相结合,可从优化区域特色专业、发扬工匠精神、推进校企合作、产教融合、加强“双师型”师资队伍建设等方面渗透区域特色,实现提升人才培养综合素质,增强中职学生为区域经济服务的综合能力,实现区域特色的可持续发展。同时也为升学后的高职及以上院校学生,进行创新创业培养和今后比赛中取得优异成绩打好基础。     

论土地资源管理专业的特色建设与发展

以师范院校工科土地资源管理专业建设为基础,针对大测绘的学科基础,提出具有特色的土地资源管理专业建设思路,并在人才培养目标的确定、课程培养体系的设置、实践教学改革与实践基地的建设、师资队伍建设、教育与教学研究等方面给出特色专业建设的基本途径与方法。     

黑龙江省大豆产业发展的方向与策略

黑龙江省发展优质大豆产业化生产,具备天时、地利、人和的有利条件,建设优质大豆产业化生产基地、发展大豆经济,在发展方向上要抓住“一个为主、三个面向”,在发展策略上要抓住“三张王牌”和“两个一起抓”,在具体措施上要发挥“两个优势”、建设“两个基地”、实现“两个改变”、做到“两个加强”。     

海南大学国家级农林经济管理特色专业学生工作的思考

探索农林经济管理专业学生工作的思路和方法，认为做好农林经济与管理专业学生工作，需要把握以下环节：重视安全教育；积极进行职业规划引导，加强就业指导，提升就业能力；重视学生干部培养，发挥学生干部在校园文化建设中的积极作用；办好专业特色活动，为学生提供知识运用的平台，激发学生学习本专业知识的动力；鼓励学生参加科研活动和社会实践活动。     

基于茶理念下企业创新财会人才培养机制的路径探究

财会人才作为统筹企业内部经济活动分析、奖金运营管理以及内部核算工作的专业型人才，是保障企业健康可持续发展的核心力量。而传统的财会人才培养模式往往缺乏“后坐力”，财会人员在实践工作当中所表现出来的个人能力与岗位要求不相匹配，理论与实际脱轨，以至于工作绩效大打折扣。为了切实改善这一局面，进一步提升财会人员的专业素养，近年来，基于“茶理念”的新型人才培养模式逐步在企业当中得到推广，这一理念通过对“种茶、制茶、晒茶、泡茶、敬茶、品茶”等茶文化理论精髓的提炼，来建立一个特色鲜明的财会人才培养机制，这一新型培养模式汲取了“茶理念”当中制茶工序的“精益求精”、茶叶品种的“持续创新”、泡茶技艺的“千锤百炼”、茶道品格的“清静无为”的思想，使财会人员的培养效果逐步突显出来，因此，本文将着重围绕“茶理念”下，企业财会人才培养的保障机制以及采取的有效培养路径展开全面论述。     

关于农业科研面向主战场的方向任务及其途径的探讨

农业科研如何面向经济建设主战场,这是农业科技体制改革中值得探讨的重要课题。现就其主要方向任务及其途径,发表一些看法和意见. 一、农业科研面向主战场的方向和任务根据“经济建没必须依靠科学技术,科学技术工作必须面向经济建设”的战略方针,农业科研的主要方向应该是面向经济建设主战场,即面向农业产业结构的调整,面向农村发展商品经济,面向创汇农业,面向自然资源的开发利用,面向农业现代化建设的需要.农业科研的一切改革,都必须坚持这个方向。並且应从国     

都市型园艺人才培养模式初探——以金陵科技学院为例

金陵科技学院根据都市型现代农业对农业人才的需求,设置富有特色的园艺专业课程体系,构建“三结合”的实践教学体系,制定适合都市型农业园艺人才的培养方案坚持高等学历教育与现代农业职业素能教育有机结合,培养“双证型”应用型人才,建设都市型农业园艺人才培养的校内外实践基地,以教师科研项目及大学生实践创新训练计划为纽带,搭建学生创新、创业教育平台,使学生创新、创业能力得到明显提高     

新媒体助力乡村振兴的策略研究

新媒体电商助农成为新业态,为乡村振兴注入新动能,有效推动了乡村经济的发展。在掌握行业需求和市场痛点的基础上,分析电商农产品市场的宏观环境和微观环境,得出通过开展新媒体电商营销解决痛点的方案。从“新媒体+乡村振兴”主题方向出发,通过直播营销、社群营销、微店营销等运营方式宣传推广乡村特色农产品,并与地域文化、传统文化相结合,提升经济、社会效益,助力乡村振兴。     

二十大精神“人与自然和谐共生”建设中茶文化的推进作用研究

人与自然的和谐共生,是中国式现代化推行的必然方向和必要手段,能够凸显出中国特色和中国社会发展的先进性,也是茶文化助推中国式现的必然追求。而对二十大精神“人与自然和谐共生”建设中茶文化的推进作用深入研究,主要包括三重逻辑：一是基于二十大精神“人与自然和谐共生”的逻辑起点;二是人与自然和谐共生与茶文化之间的逻辑关系;三是二十大精神“人与自然和谐共生”建设中茶文化推进作用的表现与实践。通过多维度研究,能够以茶文化中蕴含的传统生态文化观丰富人与自然和谐共生建设的理论体系、以茶文化丰富人与自然和谐共生的生态文化教育内容、进而实践中国优秀传统文化中的生态智慧。     

关于茶叶经济管理学科建设的探讨--兼论茶叶复合型人才的培养

茶叶经济管理学科是茶叶经济快速发展和相关学科互相融合的结果,是现代茶叶科学发展的必然趋势.它不仅可以为茶叶经济的发展提供理论支持,也有利于培养复合型的现代茶叶人才.作为一门发展中的新兴学科,茶叶经济管理学科的建设离不开学术队伍建设、课程内容设置、人才培养和基础设施建设的支持.只有这样,茶叶经济管理学科的内涵和体系架构建设才能够得到进一步的发展和完善.     

Comparative Assessment of the Efficacy of Various Nitrogen Fertilizers

Summary

The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices.     

Studies on natural repellents against potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella Zeller) in country stores

Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong (1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage, sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over 45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield of a subsequent crop.     

Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets

Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity.     

In vitro antimicrobial activity of different accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. from Uruguay

Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds.     

Extreme resistance to infection by potato virus X in genotypes of wild tuber-bearingSolanum species

Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta. Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X¹ (also called RX_act).     

Cyanobacteria Secondary Metabolites as Biotechnological Ingredients in Natural Anti-Aging Cosmetics: Potential to Overcome Hyperpigmentation,Loss of Skin Density and UV Radiation-Deleterious Effects

The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O₂^•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O₂^•− scavenging, (IC₅₀ = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC₂₅ = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC₅₀ = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC₅₀ = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O₂^•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms.     

Marine Pharmacology in 2009–2011: Marine Compounds with Antibacterial,Antidiabetic, Antifungal,Anti-Inflammatory,Antiprotozoal, Antituberculosis,and Antiviral Activities; Affecting the Immune and Nervous Systems,and other Miscellaneous Mechanisms of Action ?

The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories.     

Recent Modifications of Chitosan for Adsorption Applications: A Critical and Systematic Review

Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase).