基于Zigbee的果蔬冷链配送环境信息采集系统

根据果蔬产品冷链配送对环境监控的多测点、多要素和便捷性等方面的要求,以基于Zigbee技术的JN5139为无线节点信息处理的核心,结合温湿度传感器模块设计了采集节点,构建了车载环境中的无线传感器网络,结合嵌入式和.net技术开发了果蔬冷链配送环境信息采集上位机软件,解决了数据采集和实时监测的问题。整个环境信息采集系统在温度分别为0、5和12℃及相对湿度为90%环境下对冷藏运输车内不同位置进行了数据传输包收发率的测试。结果表明,该系统工作性能稳定,在数据采集和传输等方面均达到了设计要求,可以方便地应用于冷链运输过程中进行环境信息的采集与监测。     

采后苹果电特性与生理特性的关系及其应用

为了了解果蔬的电学特性,并为果蔬品质自动化识别提供新方法,该文从生理特性角度分析了影响采后苹果电参数变化的原因。基于电参数的变化,将BP神经网络技术应用于苹果新鲜等级的识别。研究结果指出：采后红富士苹果相对介电常数的变化规律与乙烯释放量变化规律相似,电阻率与乙烯释放量变化规律相反,在乙烯释放峰出现时,相对介电常数达到最大值,电阻率达到最小值。根据采后苹果可溶性固形物含量和pH值的变化,将苹果分为3个新鲜等级,以相对介电常数和电阻率作为BP神经网络的输入特征参数,在2-20-3的网络结构下,苹果新鲜等级平均识别率达到79%。该研究为了解采后果品电特性变化的原因提供了信息,为基于电特性的新型果品内部品质检测技术的研究提供了基础。     

基于改进型极限学习机的日光温室温湿度预测与验证

日光温室温湿度模型是其结构设计与控制的重要基础,因日光温室系统具有大惯性、强耦合、非线性等特性,采用机理分析法,难以建立其准确的数学模型,导致日光温室控制效果差。神经网络建模能更加灵活地得到日光温室系统的参数,但传统的极限学习机(extreme learning machine,ELM)存在隐含层神经元激励函数固定,只考虑经验风险(即训练误差最小化),而导致过拟合等问题。为了实现对日光温室内温湿度环境因子的综合控制,需要进一步提高日光温室环境因子的预测精度,该文将基于正交基函数的改进型极限学习机对日光温室环境因子进行辨识,并利用经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,EMD)方法确定网络隐含层节点数,建立了日光温室温湿度环境因子预测模型。利用所建立的模型对日光温室内的温度和湿度等环境因子进行预测结果表明:温度模型有效性为0.9434,湿度模型有效性为0.9208,实测值与预测值的拟合关系比较理想,说明基于正交基函数的改进型极限学习机对日光温室进行系统辨识是可行的,且对日光温室智能控制的发展有一定的参考价值。     

基于压缩感知的鲜食葡萄冷链物流监测方法

为了在冷链物流全程监测中,科学而高效地采集信息,该文应用压缩感知（compressed sensing,CS）技术,构建了面向鲜食葡萄冷链物流过程的监测方法,该方法根据感知数据特征构建了双正交小波变换稀疏矩阵,以更好的实现对传感数据的稀疏表示,根据冷链物流的特点构建了数据传输模型,以更好的完成数据的压缩采样传输。同时在模拟冷链条件下对方法系统进行了重构误差性能及节点能耗情况测试验证。结果表明,所提出的方法具有良好的压缩效果,数据的压缩比约为91%,能够通过对传感数据的压缩采样传输,实现数据的高精度重构,恒温下温湿度重构绝对误差分别为0.07℃和0.05%,变温下的则为0.15℃和0.006%。采样压缩采用传输后的汇聚节点电压衰减速率要低于直接传输方式,能有效的延长网络的生命周期。     

基于模糊层次分析法的食品冷链物流发展影响因素分析——以北京市为例

本研究采用模糊层次分析法对影响北京食品冷链物流的因素进行定量分析,建立起北京食品冷链物流发展影响因素指标体系,并确定了各指标的权重,分析评价结果,提出了鼓励发展第三方物流模式;加强消费者宣传教育,促进冷链终端需求;加强冷链设施设备的更新与完善;加快冷链行业的信息化建设;完善冷链物流标准体系等建议。     

基于组件库的生鲜农产品冷链物流云服务系统设计与实现

为解决中国农产品冷链物流行业中信息化应用系统由于研发成本、个性化需求响应速度以及与第三方系统集成度低等因素造成的推广应用难等问题,该文对12家从事生鲜农产品冷链物流相关业务的企业信息化需求进行深入调研分析,基于云服务及组件集成技术设计了生鲜农产品冷链物流云服务系统。通过设计标准的数据通讯协议实现异构物联网监测设备的统一接入;采用组件库为系统提供独立的功能单元,复用软件资源;通过云服务的方式对组件进行组装集成,快速响应用户需求。系统在北京、上海、新疆3个地区开展应用示范,涵盖生鲜果品、蔬菜、冷鲜肉等农产品生产加工、配送企业。应用结果表明,组件的按需定制与自由组合能够快速满足不同企业的个性化需求,云服务的应用模式能够有效减少研发投入,降低企业负担,系统的设计与服务模式为农业信息化应用系统的推广提供了很好的借鉴经验,具有良好的推广前景。     

温室夏季温湿度遗传模糊神经网络控制

利用模糊神经网络对温室夏季温湿度控制进行了研究,同时为了克服BP算法收敛速度慢和局部极小的弱点,采用改进的遗传算法对网络的参数进行训练,从而将模糊逻辑、神经网络、遗传算法3者有机地结合起来应用于温室夏季温湿度控制中     

基于无线射频识别技术的罗非鱼冷链物流温度监控系统

为了提高冷链物流过程中品质控制,以罗非鱼为例,分析了冷链物流中温度监测需求与温度数据传输的业务流程;基于无线射频识别(RFID)技术,利用Visual Studio2005和SQL server2005,结合编码技术开发了冷链物流温度监控系统,并将货架期模型嵌入到系统中,实现了对运输后水产品的货架期预测.系统运行结果表...     

天水市大樱桃产业现状及发展对策

分析了天水市大樱桃产业的发展现状和存在的问题,从优化品种布局,适地适栽;采取综合措施,提高防灾减灾能力;加强技术培训,提高果园管理技术水平;因地制宜,适度扶持发展樱桃设施栽培;加大预冷及冷链运输设备投入,提高果品附加值;健全市场营销体系,重视企业品牌培育等方面提出了对策建议.     

基于温度感知RFID标签的冷链厢体中温度监测

针对温度感知RFID(radio frequency identification)标签应用于冷链物流温度监测中缺乏有效数据验证的问题,该研究通过将42个温度感知RFID标签部署于冷链模拟平台中,划分了7个横截面、3个纵截面和两个层,设置了机械降温-冷链维持-自然回温3个不同阶段,同时在42个监测位点中选择7个位点同步部署了便携式温度记录仪,获取了不同条件下的温度监测数据,并与便携式温度记录仪数据和CFD(computational fluid dynamics)模拟数据进行了比较。7个温度感知RFID标签与便携式温度记录仪同步监测位点的数据表明,两种监测方法温差分布于±0.5℃范围内的数据点最多,占43.6%,温差分布于-1.0~-0.5℃区间的数据占了24.6%,考虑到2种设备自身的温度采集精度,温差在±0.8℃范围内可接的,其比例占71.3%,因此利用温度感知RFID标签进行冷链温度监测是可行的。对42个位点在3个不同阶段的温度监测数据表明,机械降温阶段各位点用时在1 h以内、冷链维持阶段大部分位点表现出温度在在0~4℃之间振荡的特征、自然回温阶段用时约49 h。深入分析机械降温阶段及冷链维持阶段不同截面的温度监测数据,结果表明3种截面均表现为降温初始阶段温度差值不稳定、稳定后具有明显的分布特征且离出风口较近降温较快的特点。以横截面2和横截面6平均温度为例,将温度感知RFID标签数据采集数据与CFD模拟数据进行比较,去除测量精度的干扰,截面2的均方根误差为0.73℃、平均相对误差为13.58%、截面6的均方根误差为0.56℃、平均相对误差为10.94%,具有较好的空间一致性。研究结果可为实现冷链物流中低成本、连续的温度监测奠定基础。     

低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响

【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。     

Pasture Vegetation Elemental Analysis by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.     

Faculty positions:Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Biodiversity and ecogeography of wild Lactuca spp. in some European countries

Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions.     

Macroinvertebrates in North American tallgrass prairie soils: effects of fire, mowing, and fertilization on density and biomass

The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.     

Properties of anaerobically digested and composted municipal solid waste assessed by linking soil mesofauna dynamics and nitrogen modelling

We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass, soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration, N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially (<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils, indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea.     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Variation in quality parameters between and within 14 Nordic tree fruit and berry species

Abstract

A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species.     

Potassium Fixation and Release Characteristics in Rhizosphere and Nonrhizosphere Soils for a Rapeseed–Rice Cropping Sequence

Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L^?1 nitric acid (HNO₃) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L^?1 ammonium acetate (NH₄OAc) and 1.0 mol L^?1 HNO₃ extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils.