高铜、锌水平预混料对断奶仔猪促生长防下痢效果比较

54 头三元杂交断奶仔猪设3 个处理,每个处理6 个重复,每个重复3 头猪。3 个处理试验猪分别饲以高铜日粮(250 mg/kgCu 100 mg/kgZn) 、高锌日粮(16 mg/kgCu 3 000 mg/kgZn)、正常铜锌日粮(16 mg/kgCu 100 mg/kgZn)。高铜日粮组、高锌日粮组、正常铜、锌日粮试验猪日增重分别为:237 、276、211 g,高锌处理对仔猪的促生长作用较高铜和正常铜、锌处理为好;试验猪饲料采食量、饲料转化率最高,腹泻率最低;高铜处理和正常铜、锌处理次之。     

蛋氨酸螯合锌替代无机锌对仔猪的影响

将 96头三元杂交仔猪设 4个处理组 ,每个处理组 3个重复 ,每个重复 8头仔猪。 4个处理组试验猪分别饲喂氧化锌来源 30 0 0mg/kg锌、蛋氨酸螯合锌来源 35 0mg/kg锌、氧化锌来源6 0mg/kg锌 +蛋氨酸螯合锌来源 4 0mg/kg锌、氧化锌来源 10 0mg/kg锌日粮 ,结果表明 ,蛋氨酸锌处理组、高锌处理组、混合锌处理组较正常锌处理组日增重、日采食量、饲料转化率高。蛋氨酸锌处理组与高锌处理组日增重、日采食量、饲料效率、腹泻发生率差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 )。     

纽甜对仔猪生产性能的影响

试验采用单因子试验设计,选择48头体重相近的50日龄DLY仔猪,随机分为4个处理组,每个处理组3个重复,每个重复4头猪,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组在基础日粮中分别添加纽甜50mg/kg、75mg/kg、100mg/kg.本次试验结果表明:日粮中添加纽甜能显著提高断奶仔猪的采食量,当纽甜添加量为100mg/kg时,仔猪的生产性能最高.     

日粮添加3种抗生素对猪生产性能的影响

研究3种常用抗生素对断奶仔猪和生长期猪生产性能的影响。试验选择体质量相近,健康状况良好,28日龄断奶的180头三元杂交仔猪(杜×长×大),随机分为3个处理,每处理6个重复,每重复10头仔猪。试验分为断奶仔猪和生长期猪2个阶段,为期3个月。各处理组各阶段基础日粮相同,分别在基础日粮中添加恩拉霉素8mg/kg、阿美拉霉素20mg/kg和杆菌肽锌(雅来益力素?)100mg/kg构成试验日粮。结果表明:杆菌肽锌可以改善5～10周龄断奶仔猪的饲料转化率(FCR),提高11～16周龄生长猪的日增质量,并改善FCR。且杆菌肽锌的添加成本最低,收益最高。     

非淀粉多糖复合酶制剂对断奶仔猪养分表观消化率的影响

本试验采用单因素完全随机化试验设计,研究在饲料中添加复合酶对断奶仔猪生产性能和养分表观消化率的影响。选用120头平均体重为(8.1±0.2)kg的PIC断奶仔猪,随机分为5个处理组,每个处理4个重复,每个重复6头猪。5个处理组分别为对照组(玉米-豆粕型、基础日粮)、试验1组(对照基础日粮+100g/t非淀粉多糖酶Ⅰ)、试验2组(对照基础日粮+100g/t非淀粉多糖酶Ⅱ)、试验3组(对照基础日粮+150g/t非淀粉多糖酶Ⅱ)、试验4组(对照基础日粮+200g/t非淀粉多糖酶Ⅱ)。结果表明:复合酶Ⅱ能显著提高断奶仔猪粗脂肪、粗纤维、钙、磷的表观消化率(P0.05)。     

低蛋白、植酸酶、发酵豆粕和有机铜锌对生长猪生长性能和粪污排放的影响

本试验旨在研究蛋白质含量、植酸酶、发酵豆粕和有机铜锌对生长猪生长性能和粪便中氮磷、铜锌排放的影响。选取68日龄、体重(25.05±3.69)kg的杜×长×大三元杂交猪40头,按照体重一致、公母各半的原则随机分为4个处理,每处理10个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮(粗蛋白水平为16.57%,纯度为96%的CuSO4·5H2O62.5mg/kg,纯度为99%的ZnSO4·H2O127.06mg/kg);有机铜锌组在基础日粮将无机铜锌分别替换成蛋氨酸铜(100 mg/kg)和蛋氨酸锌(250 mg/kg);低蛋白日粮+植酸酶+发酵豆粕组将基础日粮的蛋白水平降低为13.4%,并添加800 mg/kg植酸酶,用10%发酵豆粕替代10%普通豆粕;低蛋白有机铜锌组在低蛋白日粮+植酸酶+发酵豆粕组的基础上将无机铜锌等量替换成有机铜锌。试验期28 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,低蛋白日粮+植酸酶+发酵豆粕可以提高平均日采食量和日增重(P0.05),降低耗料增重比(P0.05);与对照组和有机铜锌组相比,低蛋白日粮+植酸酶+发酵豆粕可以降低氮磷排放率(P0.05);与对照组和有机铜锌组相比,低蛋白日粮+植酸酶+发酵豆粕可以显著降低粪便中铜锌排放量(P0.05)。综上所述,低蛋白日粮+植酸酶+发酵豆粕可以提高生长猪的生长性能,减少氮磷和铜锌排放;日粮中添加有机铜锌对生长猪粪便中铜锌含量无显著影响。     

联合添加木质素多酚与铜锌交联物质对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫力及铜锌沉积的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中联合添加木质素多酚和铜锌交联物质对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫力和铜锌沉积的影响。选择体重相近、健康状况良好的“杜×长×大”三元杂交断奶仔猪96头，随机分成3组，每组4个重复，每个重复8头猪。对照组仔猪饲喂基础日粮+2 kg/t氧化锌+100 g/t金霉素+40 g/t黏杆菌素，T1组仔猪饲喂基础日粮+1 kg/t木质素多酚+700 g/t铜锌交联物质，T2组仔猪饲喂基础日粮+2 kg/t木质素多酚+700 g/t铜锌交联物质。预试期7 d，正式试验期28 d。结果显示，与对照组相比，T2组仔猪平均日采食量和平均日增重均略有提高（P>0.05）,T1组仔猪平均日采食量显著降低（P<0.05）。各组间仔猪的料重比和腹泻率均无显著差异（P>0.05）。与对照组相比，T1组仔猪血清中干扰素-γ (IFN-γ)含量显著降低（P<0.05）。与对照组和T1组相比，T2组仔猪血清的补体C4含量升高，且显著高于T1组（P<0.05）;T2组仔猪血清的D-乳酸（DLA）含量降低，且显著低于T1组（P<0.05）。与对照组相比，T1组和T2组仔猪的血清和粪...     

纳米载铜蒙脱石对猪生产性能的影响

试验探讨纳米载铜蒙脱石对猪不同生长阶段生产性能的影响。取72头健康"杜×大×长"三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复8头(公母各半)。分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组)、基础日粮+20 mg/kg泰乐菌素+100 mg/kg磺胺二甲基嘧啶(SM2)(试验组Ⅰ)和基础日粮+1 500 mg/kg纳米载铜蒙脱石MMT-Cu(试验组Ⅱ)。比较研究MMT-Cu对仔猪、生长猪及肥育猪各阶段生产性能的影响,以及日粮添加MMT-Cu与抗生素的效果比较。结果表明:与对照组相比,添加MMT-Cu可使仔猪平均日采食量显著提高(P0.05);肥育猪料重比明显降低(P0.01),全程料重比显著下降(P0.01);肥育阶段猪平均日增重较试验组Ⅰ增加(P0.05)。说明纳米载铜蒙脱石对不同生长阶段猪产生的生长效应存在差异,能够明显改善肥育猪料重比。     

不同替抗添加剂组合对保育猪生长性能及血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在比较3种替抗添加剂组合对保育猪生长性能、血液生化指标的影响.选择体重相近的21日龄断奶三元杂交仔猪60头,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复5头猪,分别饲喂含15％金霉素预混剂500 g/t+50％吉他霉素预混剂100 g/t的抗生素日粮(对照组);1 000 g/t酸化剂+500 g/t酶制剂+500 g/...     

γ-氨基丁酸部分取代仔猪日粮高铜可行性研究

选择150头体重大于15 kg外三元(杜×长×大)杂交仔猪随机分成3组,2个试验组(饲喂添加γ-氨基丁酸的低铜日粮)和对照组(饲喂高铜日粮),研究对比低铜日粮添加γ-氨基丁酸与高铜日粮之间促生长效果差异.试验结果表明,试验组和对照组之间平均日增重、采食量、料内比差异不显著.γ-氨基丁酸产品部分替代仔猪日粮中的高铜具有可行性.本试验条件下的添加水平为:铜50～80 mg/kg,铁80 mg/kg,锌80 mg/kg,γ-氨基丁酸5～10 mg/kg.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。