光叶紫花苕草粉作为肉鸡饲料原料的饲用价值研究

通过试验测定了紫花苕草粉的营养成分含量,采用全收粪法测定了ME(鸡),并用210只闵中麻鸡分2组进行了100天对比试验。结果表明：在配合饲料中用10％～15％紫花苕草粉,肉鸡平均增重比用市场销售的全价肉鸡配合饲料提高12.16％,饲料利用率提高14．30％,每千克增重饲料成本降低18．46％,料肉比2．93：1。从而认为,紫花苕草粉在控制配合比例条件下可作为肉鸡配合饲料原料,并对内鸡有促进生长和提高饲料利用率的作用。     

光叶紫花苕的营养价值与饲用价值研究

研究测定了光叶紫花苕Vicia villosa routh var.的营养成分含量和消化能(牛、猪)、代谢能(鸡)能值,并进行了饲养试验.结果表明,紫花苕干物质中粗蛋白含量在20%以上,氨基酸、矿物质、维生素比较丰富,消化能分别为DE(牛)12.4 MJ/kg,DE(猪)11.9 MJ/kg,ME(鸡)10.7 MJ/kg;在肉牛精料中用紫花苕草粉代替全部麦麸,平均日增重增加92 g/d(P＜0.05),饲料利用率提高9.5%;在肉猪日粮中用紫花苕草粉代替20%配合饲料,平均日增重增加81 g/d(P＜0.05),饲料利用率提高13.16%;在肉鸡日粮中用紫花苕草粉代替10%～15%配合饲料,平均每只增重提高252 g/只(P＜0.05),饲料利用率提高12.8%.从而认为紫花苕草粉且有较高的饲用价值.     

用紫花苕代替育肥肉牛精料中豆粕试验

用西本杂公牛10头、安本杂公牛11头,随机分成3组,进行了30 d对比饲养试验.结果表明,试验1组用紫花苕Vicia atyopurpurea代替肉牛育肥精料78%的豆粕,杂交肉牛的平均日增重比对照组高243.8 g(P＜0.01),饲料风干物质报酬降低0.24 kg,增重的饲料成本降低0.15元/kg;试验2组用紫花苕草粉全部代替肉牛育肥精料中的豆粕,杂交肉牛平均日增重比对照组高43.3 g(P＞0.05),饲料利用率降低3%,增重消耗饲料成本提高0.05元/kg.从而认为,紫花苕草粉可以代替杂交肉牛育肥精料78%的豆粕;但在杂交犊牛精料中应保证3%～5%的豆粕才能取得良好的生产效果.     

低蛋白日粮对生长猪及育肥猪的影响

选取初始体重为25kg的杜×大×长三元健康生长猪176头及初始体重为50kg的杜×大×长三元健康育肥猪144头。采用单因子设计,分为对照组和试验组;对照组中日粮按照NRC（1998）营养需要量推荐配制,试验组在NRC推荐的日粮粗蛋白质水平上降低4个百分点探讨低蛋白质日粮对生长猪和育肥猪生长性能的影响。结果表明：生长猪试验组日增重比对照组增加了46g,提高幅度为6．82％：料肉比比对照组低10．96％：增重成本节约0．89元／kg体重。育肥猪试验1组日增重较高．比对照组增加23g．提高幅度为3．09％。试验2组与对照组日增重相当;试验1组、试验2组料肉比分别比对照组降低1．15％和3．2％;试验1组、试验2组增重成本分别比对照组节约0．44元／kg体重和0．49元／kg体重;试验组瘦肉率与对照组相比没有显著差异。从各指标的趋势上看．试验组的生长表现和经济效益均优于对照组．     

坑池发酵马铃薯渣饲喂猪的效果试验

采用坑贮池乳酸菌发酵的马铃薯渣喂猪,试验组比对照组每头猪平均日增重提高53.6g,提高11.68％,料重比试验组为3.49:1,比对照组的3.95:1提高13.2％,投入产出比试验组为1:1.44,比对照组的1:1.28提高13.85％,每头平均体重试验组比对照组提高9.8±7.85kg,经t检验,试验组增重显著(P<0.05)。     

低蛋白日粮对生长猪及育肥猪的影响

选取初始体重为25kg的杜×大×长三元健康生长猪176头及初始体重为50kg的杜×大×长三元健康中猪144头,采用单因子设计,分为对照组和试验组;对照组中日粮按照NRC（1998）营养需要量推荐配制,试验组在NRC推荐的日粮粗蛋白水平上降低4个百分点探讨低蛋白日粮对生长猪和育肥猪生长性能的影响。结果表明：生长猪试验组日增重比对照组增加了46g,提高幅度为6．82％;料肉比比对照组低了10．96％;每kg增重成本节约了0．89元。育肥猪试验一组日增重较高,比对照组增加了23g,提高幅度为3．09％,试验二组与对照组日增重相当;试验一组、试验二组料肉比分别比对照组降低了1．15％和3．2％;试验一组、试验二组每kg增重成本分别比对照组节约了0．44元和0．49元;试验组瘦肉率与对照组相比没有显著差异。从各指标的趋势上看,试验组的生长表现和经济效益均优于对照组．     

不同比例光叶紫花苕草粉饲喂生长肥育猪的效果

用127头生长肥育猪做了3项饲养试验,用以考察饲粮中含0-40％草粉对试猪生产性能和胴体性状的影响。结果表明:(1)与对照组比较,饲粮含5-15％的草粉并不显著降低试猪生长速度;(2)饲喂草粉导致胴体瘦肉率增加和消化道尤其是大肠容积增加。实验表明:高比例光叶紫花苕草粉的主要限制因素是猪只采食量。根据实验结果可以认为在生长猪饲粮中添加10-15％,育肥猪15-25％的光叶紫花苕草粉是适宜的。     

日粮中绿肥草粉替代玉米饲喂生长肥育猪试验

在农户舍饲和基础日粮不变的条件下，用绿肥草粉取代日粮中50％玉米，饲喂苏&#215;本F1代杂交双月断奶仔猪至出栏，探讨开发利用绿肥草粉养猪的可行性。结果表明：试验组与对照组相比，平均日增重提高231．71g(+54．80％)，料肉比降低1．39(-35、55％)，单位增重耗料成本降低1．76元(-35．48％)，全期试验组头均增加盈利171.00元。表明用50％绿肥草粉替代日粮中玉米饲喂生长肥育猪完全可行。     

猪肠道微生物对育肥猪增重的影响

为了掌握猪肠道微生物对育肥猪增重效果的影响,为提高育肥猪增重提供有效的方法,为猪肠道微生物在育肥猪饲料添加剂中的推广应用提供参考依据。将60头育肥猪随机分成2组(对照组和试验组),对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加0.1%的肠道微生物。试验结果显示:与对照组相比,试验组的平均末体重提高了4.41 kg(P<0.05),平均日增重提高了70g(P<0.05),料重比降低了0.08(P<0.05),表明猪肠道微生物可显著提高育肥猪的增重。     

健长宝饲料添加剂对生长肥育猪促生长作用的研究

利用72头4月龄生长肥育猪进行健长宝饲料添加剂饲养对比试验。结果,试验组平均日增重(721g)比对照组(615g)提高17.2％(P<0.01),试验组饲料利用率比对照组提高9.4％(P<0.05),试验组每头猪比对照组多收入30.68元。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.