黄土半干旱区白榆人工林密度与林下物种多样性的关系研究

选取半干旱黄土丘陵沟壑区相似气候、土壤和立地条件下的4种密度白榆人工林为研究对象,通过调查林下物种组成和结构,比较不同密度人工林下的物种组成、结构特征及其差异,评价人工林林下植被的发育状况．结果表明：白榆林下共有维管柬植物43种,分属18科35属;群落乔木层结构比较简单,灌木层优势种主要以建群种的幼苗和达乌里胡枝子为主,草本层物种较多,优势种为菊科、禾本科;当林分密度为1667株／hm^2时,乔木、灌木及草本层的物种丰富度、多样性、均匀度指数均较高．     

粤西次生针阔混交群落的林下植被物种组成与多样性研究

季风常绿阔叶林是南亚热带的地带性植被类型,经采伐干扰和人工造林后形成大面积的次生林。参照CTFS样地建设技术规范,于2006年在广东粤西马尾松针阔次生林建立2 hm2固定监测样地。在对样地进行调查的基础上,分析了林下植被的物种组成与多样性。结果表明：（1）样地共有维管束植物207种,隶属于79科144属,数量优势科为茜草科、大戟科、樟科、番荔枝科、紫金牛科、禾本科和蔷薇科;单种属植物较多（101属）,占总属数的70.14%。林下植物泛热带和热带亚洲成分占绝对优势,具有南亚热带向中亚热带过渡的特征。（2）物种的丰富度指数表现出乔木幼苗〉灌木层〉藤本层〉草本层;Shannon-Wiener指数表现出乔木幼苗〉藤本层〉灌木层〉草本层;Simpson指数则为乔木幼苗〉藤本层〉草本层〉灌木层;均匀度指数为乔木幼苗〉藤本层〉灌木层〉草本层。     

天然筇竹林群落植物物种多样性研究

以云南省大关县天然筇竹林为研究对象,随机调查30个20m×10m的样方中植物物种多样性,结果表明,1)天然筇竹林植物物种丰富,共有维管植物94科180属257种; 2)筇竹林的分层结构中灌木层物种丰富度高于乔木层和草本层,但物种多样性指数和均匀度指数均低于乔木层和草本层; 3)筇竹林乔木—灌木和灌木—草本物种丰富度、Simpson指数和Pielou均匀度指数差异极显著,而乔木层和草本层各多样性指数差异性均不显著。     

大关县3种筇竹群落生物多样性研究

对大关县乔木-筇竹群落、灌木-筇竹群落和筇竹-草本群落3种群落,采用二元属性数据测度方法进行了生物多样性的调查。结果表明:3种筇竹群落类型中以乔木-筇竹群落物种总种数(178种)为最多。各层次物种丰富度的顺序依次为,乔木-筇竹群落的物种丰富度为乔木层>草本层>灌木层;灌木-筇竹群落和筇竹-草本群落的物种丰富度一致,其物种丰富度顺序依次都为灌木层>草本层>乔木层。乔木-筇竹群落的乔木层的Shannon-Wiener(H’)指数最高,灌木-筇竹群落的灌木层和草本层的H’指数最高,筇竹-草本群落各层的H’指数都较低。灌木-筇竹群落与筇竹-草本群落在环境梯度上不同点之间的共有种最少,相似性最低,群落间的差异大,群落间物种替代速率较高。     

北京市居住区绿地植物组成及其物种多样性研究

为探讨北京市五环内居住区绿地植物种类、结构以及植物群落特性,於2005年5～8月进行机械布点,共调查乔木样方180个,灌木样方200个,草本样方1 095个.结果表明:①北京市居住区共有维管束植物68科178属273种.②从市中心到五环梯度群落物种多样性特征为:物种丰富度草本层＞灌木层＞乔木层;均匀度乔木层、灌木层＞草本层;多样性指数灌木层、草本层＞乔木层.③绿地结构类型中,乔灌草交互组成的复层结构占优势.     

山西好地方林场华北落叶松群落结构及物种多样性

通过在太岳山好地方林场接石沟地区设立标准样地进行调查取样,研究华北落叶松(Larix principis-rupprechtii)人工林的群落结构和物种多样性。结果表明:1)好地方林场华北落叶松人工林样地中有维管束植物74种,隶属于32科60属,幼、中、近、成4个龄组群落垂直结构上植物种类分布均为草本层灌木层乔木层。2)乔木层以华北落叶松纯林为主,灌木层主要物种为蔷薇科和忍冬科植物,草本层优势种主要有蛇莓、大油芒、细叶薹草等。3)林龄的变化对物种组成和物种重要值的影响明显;幼、中、近、成4个龄组群落林下物种多样性指数、物种丰富度指数和均匀度指数均为草本层灌木层,成熟林中灌木层的多样性指数值最大,最稳定;近熟林中草本层的多样性指数值最大,最稳定。     

不同林龄桉树林下植被多样性分析

以广东省信宜市中部山区不同林龄（3 a 生和 5 a 生）桉树人工林为研究对象,通过样地调查, 统计和分析了桉树林下植被结构特征（种类组成、结构与分布）和物种多样性（Margale 丰富度指数、 Simpson 优势度指数、Shannon-Wiener 指数和 Pielou 均匀度指数）。结果表明：（1）3 a 生桉树林下植被共 记录维管束植物23 科 31 属 33 种,5 a 生桉树林林下植被共记录维管束植物 24 科 32 属 35 种,不同林龄 桉树林下植被结构与分布特征差异较大,乔木幼苗、灌木层和草本层的优势种均明显不同;（2）林龄对 桉树林下植被丰富度影响相对较小,但对优势度和均匀度影响较大;随着林龄的增加,桉树林下灌木层 和草本层植被物种多样性均明显下降,其中灌木层下降幅度大于草本层。总体而言,林龄对林下植被的 种类组成影响相对较小,但对林下植被的结构与分布以及物种多样性有显著影响。     

昆明呼马山公园人工桉树林林下植被的多样性和生物量研究

昆明呼马山公园人工桉树林乔木层树种为单一的直杆桉,林下植被类型有灌木-草本型。草本层紫茎泽兰这一外来物种在整个林地的草本层中占据绝对优势,阳坡林下植被的Shannon-Wiener指数H/和Simpson指数D都比阴坡的要高。灌木层生物量低于草本层的生物量。     

黑龙江大亮子河国家森林公园典型植物群落多样性

采用典型取样的方法,对大亮子河国家森林公园臭冷杉-红松林和以白桦为主的阔叶混交林植被群落物种多样性进行了调查分析。结果表明,在臭冷杉-红松林8块样地内共有维管植物66种,隶属34科56属,阔叶混交林6块样地内共有维管植物77种,隶属33科62属。从不同群落类型同一植被层看,臭冷杉-红松林草本层物种丰富度指数小于阔叶混交林,两种群落类型乔木层和灌木层各物种多样性指数差异不明显;而草本层差异明显,阔叶混交林物种丰富度指数、Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数较高,仅臭冷杉-红松林的Pielou均匀度指数略高。从同一群落类型不同植被层看,两种群落类型的物种丰富度指数与Shannon-wiener多样性指数均表现为草本层乔木层灌木层;Simpson指数均为乔木层灌木层草本层;物种均匀度指数均表现为灌木层高于乔木层和草本层,其中臭冷杉-红松林草本层均匀度指数略高于乔木层,而阔叶混交林中正好相反。     

金佛山国家级自然保护区植物群落优势种与多样性研究

采用常规野外调查法对金佛山国家级自然保护区南、北、西3坡向不同海拔梯度的植物群落优势种和植物多样性进行调查研究。结果表明:①海拔1 840 m处,乔木层的优势种都是常绿阔叶树种,其他海拔区域乔木层的优势种未呈现规律性;西坡不同海拔高度乔木层的优势种都属于常绿阔叶树种,而其他坡向未呈现规律性;北坡840 m和西坡840 m处的灌木层优势种都为乔木幼树,分别是四川大头茶(Gordonia acuminate)幼树和油茶(Camellia oleifera)幼树;海拔1 840 m处,各坡向草本层以阴生的植物为优势种。②西坡1 340 m和北坡1 840 m处植物群落物种多样性最高,受到严重干扰的山顶和南坡1 840 m处物种多样性最低而北坡1 340 m和南坡1 340 m处在受到干扰的情况下仍表现出较高的物种多样性。③植物群落内各层的物种丰富度的大小顺序依次为草本层乔木层灌木层,而群落多样性指数的大小顺序依次为乔木层草本层灌木层。     

Plant diversity patterns in different forests in Aershan, Inner Mongolia

Taking the communities of the sample sites in Aershan of Inner Mongolia as an investigation object, the indices affecting plant diversity were studied. The investigation was carried out in three different forest types (natural forests, plantations and regenerated forests after fire). Results show that 95 plant species belonging to 19 families and 50 genera were identified in total. Of these species, nine were arbors, six were shrubs and the other 80 were herbs. We found some differences in the dominant species of different layers in three forest types. Natural forests had the largest importance value for the total number of species, followed by plantations and regenerated forests after fire. Plantations and natural forests had a similar change in richness indices. The largest value of richness indices was obtained in natural forests, while the lowest value was in regenerated forests after fire. Three diversity indices (Simpson’s, Shannon-Wiener and Pielou’s indices) indicate a similar trend in all sample plots. With an increase in elevation, values of diversity indices first increased and then decreased. In different forest types, similarity between natural forests was largest, while similarity between the regenerated forests and plantations was lowest.     

Genetic Diversity of RAPD Mark for Natural Davidia involucrata Populations

The genetic diversity and genetic variation within and among populations of five natural Davidia involucrata populations were studied from 13 primers based on random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. The results show that natural D. involucrata population has a rich genetic diversity, and the differences among populations are significant. Twenty-six percent of genetic variation exists among D. involucrata populations, which is similar to that of the endangered tree species Liriodendron chinense and Cathaya argyrophylla in China, but different from more widely distributed tree species. The analysis of the impacts of sampling method on genetic diversity parameters shows that the number of sampled individuals has little effect on the effective number of alleles and genetic diversity, but has a marked effect on the genetic differentiation among populations and gene flows. This study divides the provenances of D. involucrata into two parts, namely, a southeast and a northwest provenance. Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2004, 40(4) (in Chinese)     

方城县野生木本植物资源调查分析

采取实地调查、采集标本、影像资料、专家鉴定和分类统计等方法对方城县野生木本植物资源进行调查。结果表明:方城县共有野生木本植物60科137属236种,其中裸子植物4科6属7种,被子植物56科131属229种;优势科有蔷薇科等13个科,含66属145种,优势属有悬钩子属等13个属,含65种;野生木本植物中有乔木121种、灌木85种、藤本25种、竹类5种;国家重点保护、珍稀濒危和省级重点保护植物共有18种。     

梅州市城市森林结构研究

采用样地群落调查法对梅州市6类绿地的组成面积、种群结构、垂直结构、径阶结构和物种重要值进行调查分析,结果表明：（1）现有各类城市森林面积9953．05hm2,其中郊区城市森林绿地面积占总面积的90．69％,其它各类绿地面积合计仅占总面积的9．31％;（2）在65个人工植物群落中,垂直结构为乔、灌、草3层结合的立体群落结构有9个（13．8％）,乔、草结合的2层结构类型有34个（52．3％）,乔或草单层结构类型共12个（18．5％）;（3）62种乔木树种平均胸径为16．7cm,其中平均胸径〈10cm的有23种（37．1％）,平均胸径为10～20cm的树种有29种（46．7％）,平均胸径为20～30cm、〉30cm的树种各有5种（分别为8．1％）;（4）梅州市城区乔木层的优势树种是垂榕、大叶榕、大王椰子。     

广东理工学院鼎湖校区园林植物资源调查与评价

以广东理工学院鼎湖校区植物景观作为研究对象,在植物资源调查的基础上,运用层次分析法,从植物景观的生态性、观赏性、文化性、功能性和心理性5个方面对校园植物景观进行综合评价。结果表明,校区园林植物共66种,隶属43科、59属,在植物种类组成方面,被子植物42科、58属、65种,裸子植物1科、1属、1种;在生活型组成方面,乔木21种,灌木27种,草本15种,藤本3种;构建了植物景观评价模型,包括1个目标层、5个准则层、20个对象层,校园植物景观综合评价指数为56.635%,属Ⅲ级,景观质量一般。总结广东理工学院鼎湖校区植物景观存在的问题并提出相应对策,以期为广东理工学院校园景观的提质改造和校园建设的可持续发展提供理论参考。     

Diversity and regeneration status of Sarkot Van Panchyat in Garhwal Himalaya, India

We investigated the floristic composition, phytosociological and regeneration status of Sarkot Van Panchyat (community forest) in Chamoli district of Garhwal Himalaya. A total of 52 plant species of 46 genera and 26 families were recorded, which included 12 trees, 18 shrubs and 22 herb species. Quercus leucotrichophora was dominant tree species in sapling and seedling layers, followed by Lyonia ovalifolia and Rhododendron arboreum.Out of 12 tree species, 7 species in seedling stage and 8 species in sapling stage were recorded in the study area. The 44.41% species in the study area showed good regeneration status, 16.66% species were fairly regenerating,and 8.33% species showed poor regeneration status, while 33% species were not regenerating. Number of individuals from lower girth classes (0 10 cmand 10 30 cm) showed decreasing trend with the increase in size of girth class. Shannon index (H) for trees, shrubs and herbs was recorded as 1.82,2.24 and 2.41 respectively. Simpsons index (CD) was recorded as 0.21, 0.12and 0.12 for trees, shrubs and herbs respectively. The forest should be divided into compartments for better management purpose and each compartment should be closed for five years to assist regeneration and enrichment planting may also be carried out for sustainable management.     

Comparative Analysis of Plant Diversity of Pinus tabulaeformis Forests in Ten Regions of Beijing Mountainous Areas

Based on investigations during 1998–2003, shrubs and herbs, as well as indicators of similarity and diversity in Pinus tabulaeformis forests of ten regions around Beijing were compared and analyzed, and protection measures were suggested. Generally, the shrubs and herbs in P. tabulaeformis forests of Shidu, Mutianyu, and Yunfengshan are rich in species diversity and have great similarities. The percentages of common species in each of these three paired regions are above 50%, while many peculiar plant species that could not be found in the other nine regions exist in Labagoumen. As for plant diversity indices, plants in the P. tabulaeformis forests of Baihuashan, Shidu, and Labagoumen occur more frequently than in other regions, while the number of plants in Tanjiesi and Miaofengshan are far less. Some endangered orchid species were found distributed in P. tabulaeformis forests with a clumped spatial pattern but rarely appeared in other forest types, indicating that P. tabulaeformis forests are ideal habitats for orchid species. Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2005, 27(4) (in Chinese)     

The effects of microhabitat,plant litter,and seed burial on the regeneration of Quercus wutaishanica and Pinus tabulaeformis

The effects of microhabitat (shrubs and herbs), plant litter, and seed burial on the regeneration of Liaodong oak (Quercus wutaishanica Mayr) and Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) were studied in three typical stands (Liaodong oak forest, Chinese pine plantation, and grassland) in the Loess Plateau, China. We monitored the establishment and growth of seedlings of these two woody species in sown experimental plots, in which shrubs and herbs, plant litter, and seed burial were manipulated. In the grassland, shrubs and herbs facilitated Liaodong oak establishment, with no effect on the establishment of Chinese pine. In the two forest stands, shrubs and herbs primarily had an inhibition effect on the establishment of these trees. The effects of plant litter were facilitation or inhibition, depending on the target species and the habitat. Seed burial had a positive effect on seedling establishment. In all three habitats, shrubs and herbs had inhibition effects on seedling growth of both tree species. Plant litter and seed burial did not influence seedling growth in either species. Liaodong oak and Chinese pine use different regeneration strategies during early stages of succession and similar strategies during late stages of succession.     

林分密度对蒙古栎林下草本植物多样性的影响研究

以内蒙古赤峰市阿鲁科尔沁旗沙日温都栎林自然保护区蒙古栎林为主要研究对象,研究不同林分密度对林下草本植物多样性的影响。结果表明,研究区内共有13科、14属、16种草本植物;Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou均匀度指数和物种丰富度指数均随着林分密度的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势,当林分密度为750株/hm²时,林下草本植物多样性指数达到最大值;林分密度与Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Simpson多样性指数、物种丰富度指数、树高、胸径均呈极显著负相关,与郁闭度呈极显著正相关,与枝下高不相关。综上所述,最合理的蒙古栎林密度为750株/hm²,该密度下最有利于蒙古栎林及林下草本植物生长发育。     

白河林业局云冷杉林的植物种类组成

对白河林业局云冷杉林的植物种类组成进行了初步研究。结果表明,白河林业局云冷杉林的主要建群树种均为臭松、鱼鳞云杉,伴生树种为红松、长白落叶松,白桦,组成白河林业的种子植物和蕨类植物共计109种,分属43科88属,其中草本植物73种,灌木层植物21种,乔木植物15种。