鸡沙门氏菌弱毒冻干苗的研制

由减毒鸡沙门氏苗97A疫苗株作为制苗用菌种，经普通琼脂培养，冷冻真空干燥等工艺生产鸡沙门氏菌弱毒疫苗4批，每批疫苗分别以免疫剂量接种6日龄AA肉鸡，免疫第14天时，用强毒株Sg9和Sp4攻击，免疫组死亡保护率均达90％以上，试验结果表明，该苗具有良好的安全性和免疫效果。     

鸡沙门氏菌弱毒苗的安全性和免疫效力试验

把鸡沙门氏菌弱毒苗按不同剂量分别经口服和颈部皮下接种１日龄商品蛋鸡来进行安全性和免疫效力研究,结果表明：该疫苗对１日龄雏鸡有良好的安全性并能提供较强的保护力。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病细胞弱毒苗免疫试验

国内外对鸡传染性法氏囊病非常重视,目前,国内虽有多种疫苗投入使用,但其免疫效果不一。我们认为除了可能与抗原有差异和环境强毒污染因素有关外,还与疫苗的免疫原性,免疫程序以及雏鸡母源抗体有关.针对这个问题进行了探讨,试制了几批     

鸡痘弱毒苗几种免疫途径的安全性及免疫效果

取鸡痘弱毒苗分别以饮水、滴鼻、点眼、肌肉注射、刺翼等5种途径各免疫7日龄非免疫鸡10只，剂量为10羽份／只，免疫后观察14d，检查不同免疫方式对鸡只的安全性；同时，用1个羽份的鸡痘弱毒苗采用上述5种途径各免疫32日龄非免疫鸡20只，接种后28天，连同对照鸡只，用鸡痘强毒攻击，观察21d，比较不同免疫途径鸡痘弱毒苗对鸡只的保护效果。试验结果表明，5种途径免疫的鸡只均安全；饮水、滴鼻、点眼、肌肉注射、刺等5种途径对强毒的攻击保护率分别为60％，60％，50％，60％和100％。     

L-NMMA对鸡球虫早熟弱毒疫苗免疫鸡增重的影响

为了研究鸡球虫早熟弱毒疫苗对免疫鸡增重的影响及一氧化氮合成酶抑制剂(L-NMMA)对免疫鸡增重和免疫效果的影响。取40只SPF雏鸡,分为空白对照组(C1、C2)和单剂量重复接种组(T1、T2),T1、T2组按推荐免疫剂量单剂量重复接种鸡球虫早熟弱毒疫苗,C1和T1、C2和T2分别于二次接种后第7、14天逐只空腹称重,剖检记录十二指肠、空肠和盲肠病变记分,取心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、腺胃、肌胃、十二指肠、空肠和盲肠进行病理组织学检查。另选取40只SPF雏鸡,分为空白对照组C20、攻毒对照组T21、免疫对照组T22和免疫加药组T23,T22和T23按推荐免疫剂量两次免疫鸡球虫早熟弱毒疫苗,T23在免疫的同时腹腔注射L-NMMA,二免后第14天T21、T22和T23均接种鸡球虫混合强毒,测定SPF雏鸡平均增重、相对增重、肠道(十二指肠、空肠和盲肠)病变记分、病变记分减少率(RLS)、血便记分、死亡率及卵囊产量等指标。结果显示,接种组的平均增重显著低于未接种组(P<0.05),接种组的十二指肠、空肠和盲肠有轻微病变且黏膜上皮细胞均有不同程度损伤和脱落;免疫加L-NMMA组一免、二免后及攻毒后试验鸡的平均增重均极显著高于免疫攻毒对照组(P<0.01),且与空白对照组鸡的平均增重无显著差异(P>0.05),且免疫对照组和免疫加药组肠道病变记分和卵囊产量无显著差异(P>0.05)。说明鸡球虫早熟弱毒疫苗对雏鸡肠道有轻微损伤,且对鸡增重有一定影响;L-NMMA可降低鸡球虫早熟弱毒疫苗对试验鸡增重的影响,且不影响疫苗的免疫效果。     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒弱毒苗研究

从广西13个有传染性支气管炎病史的鸡场采集病料,用9～10天龄鸡胚进行病毒的分离。分离物经接种鸡胚的病变特征以及分离物的电子显微镜形态学观察、复归易感鸡、病毒的耐热性试验、乙醚敏感试验、病毒的核酸类型鉴定,对新城疫病毒生长的干扰试验和鸡胚中试验共八项指标的检验,证实成功分离出4株传染性支气管炎病毒(分别命名为C、G、Z和Q株)。在18～20天龄鸡胚气管环培养物上与六种标准的IBV血清型的阳性血清作病毒中和试验,结果确定C株和G株属Holte型,Z株和Q株属Mass型.各毒经株9～10天龄鸡胚传代培养20或80代,对易感鸡的毒力已很微弱。经实验室免疫攻毒保护试验,发现一次免疫末能提供足够的保护力,而二次疫免能提供足够的保护力。根据此结果在五县市、11个鸡场、30群共103 761羽不同品种鸡的田间试验,确定了用C80株或C60株作一免(5日龄)、G20株作二免(15日龄)的效果最好,显著优于未免疫对照组(P<0.01)。     

鸡毒支原体弱毒苗的应用效果试验

近年来，浙江省三黄肉鸡发展很快，随着养殖规模的扩大，养殖密度的提高，由鸡毒支原体引起的鸡慢性呼吸道病也越来越严重，已成为危害养鸡业的主要疾病之一。     

鸡毒支原体油乳剂灭活苗和弱毒苗的免疫效力测定

由鸡毒支原体引起的鸡慢性呼吸道病是鸡的一种常见、多发性传染病。该病在规模化鸡场中的分布广泛、危害很大 ,其主要的经济损失来源于 :多种日龄鸡只都可感染发病 ,使鸡群的死淘率上升 ;鸡群发病后药物的投入费用加大 ;产蛋鸡的产蛋量下降、肉鸡和生长鸡的发育受阻 ,耗料增加 ;感染的鸡群常常出现免疫抑制 ,容易继发或伴发其它疫病 ;由于垂直传染 ,常常造成出生雏鸡的死亡率增加和污染区的扩大 [1]。因此饲养者对该病的防制尤为重视。但长期以来人们对该病的防制仅仅停留于药物的预防和治疗上 ,防制效果不佳并且容易出现反复。近年来鸡慢性…     

传染性法氏囊病鸡胚弱毒苗的生产

我厂用 IBDVA 80株生产合格鸡胚弱毒苗4批,总产量为513万羽份,现将生产情况简介如下:材料和方法一、种毒：由中监所提供的IBDVA80弱毒株。     

鸡传染性支气管炎弱毒苗的应用效果观察

容县是饲养三黄鸡基地县,每年都有大量三黄鸡外销,一直保持着良好的声誉。但是近两年来鸡传染支气管炎(IB)趋于严重,IB可导致鸡的正常生长发育受阻,成本增大以及公鸡的阉割死亡率高等。有的专业户饲养鸡因死亡率高而根本不敢阉割。我场从92年元月份超从广西农大禽病研究室引进鸡传染性支气管炎弱毒苗进行试验,具体情况报告如下:     

鸡球虫病四价活疫苗对毒害艾美耳球虫和柔嫩艾美耳球虫的免疫效果观察

为评价一种商品化鸡球虫病四价活疫苗[柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E.tenella)、毒害艾美耳球虫(E.necatrix)、巨型艾美耳球虫和堆型艾美耳球虫]对E.necatrix和E.tenella的免疫保护效果,本研究基于试验鸡血便记分、存活率、相对增重率、病变值、卵囊值及抗球虫指数(ACI)等指标对其免疫效果进行检测.结果表明,免疫攻虫组抗E.necatrix和E.tenella的ACI分别为157.3和135.6,均低于160,表明该球虫疫苗抗两种球虫的效果均为低效.然而,免疫攻虫组鸡血便数量、血便记分、增重、卵囊产量和病变记分等指标均优于阳性对照组.综合指标显示,该疫苗对E.necatrix和E.tenella具有一定的免疫保护力,但单纯采用疫苗并不能够达到防控鸡球虫病的目的.     

Combination of competitive exclusion and immunization with an attenuated live Salmonella vaccine strain in chickens

To use the advantages of both the competitive exclusion (CE) technique and immunization with a live Salmonella vaccine, the combination of these methods was studied. Specific-pathogen-free chickens were pretreated by combined or single administration of a CE culture and a commercial live Salmonella typhimurium vaccine on days 1 and 2 of life and challenged with Salmonella typhimurium on day 3 to study the exclusion effect by both the CE preparation and the Salmonella vaccine. The exclusion effect by the CE culture combined with the immunologic effect by the live vaccine was studied after challenge of the birds on day 43 of age. The number of challenge organisms in ceca was used to evaluate the efficacy of the pretreatment. The protective exclusion effect of the CE culture was substantial in very young chicks and still detectable in 6-wk-old birds. The attenuated Salmonella typhimurium vaccine produced only an initially occurring exclusion effect. Because the exclusion effect of the CE culture was considerably stronger than the exclusion effect of the attenuated Salmonella typhimurium vaccine, the combination of both did not result in an additive protective effect. In order to exploit the exclusion potential between Salmonella strains and to attain an additive exclusion effect by a CE culture and a vaccine strain, live Salmonella vaccines are needed that are sufficiently attenuated without affecting genes essential for colonization exclusion of other Salmonella organisms. In 6-wk-old birds, the exclusion effect by the CE culture combined with the immunologic effect by the live Salmonella vaccine resulted in a degree of protection considerably beyond that generated by the exclusive use of the two methods. The administration of the live Salmonella vaccine strain prior to or simultaneously with the CE culture revealed the best protective effect because such combinations ensure an adequate persistence of the vaccine strain as prerequisite for the expression of an exclusion effect in very young chicks and the development of a strong immune response affording protection in older birds.     

Vaccination of chickens with DNA vaccine expressing Eimeria tenella MZ5-7 against coccidiosis

A chimeric DNA vaccine co-expressing Eimeria tenella MZ5-7 and chicken IL-17 gene was constructed and its efficacy against E. tenella challenge was evaluated. The ORF of MZ5-7 from E. tenella's second generation merozoite and the mature interleukin 17 gene of chicken were cloned into the expression vector of pcDNA4.0 to construct DNA vaccine pcDNA4.0-MZ and pcDNA4.0-MZ-IL17. The expression of aim gene products in vivo was detected by western blotting. The expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in chicken splenocytes was detected by RT-PCR 7 days post-immunization. The expression levels of the two cytokines in the pcDNA4.0-MZ-IL17 DNA vaccine immunized group were significantly higher than that in the pcDNA4.0-MZ immunized group (p<0.05). Either pcDNA4.0-MZ or pcDNA4.0-MZ-IL17 DNA vaccine could obviously alleviate cecal lesions, body weight loss and increase oocyst decrease ratio. The ACI of pcDNA4.0-MZ-IL17 group was 190, which is higher than that of pcDNA4.0-MZ group and all the three control groups. In short, MZ5-7 was an effective candidate antigen for vaccine and co-expression of cytokine with antigen was an alternative method to enhance the immunity DNA vaccine.     

鸡球虫苗(LCV-2号)对笼养及平养鸡的免疫效果

在试验条件下,研究了鸡球虫苗(LCV-2号)对笼养和平养鸡的免疫效果.笼养鸡免疫试验比较了笼养鸡空白对照组、攻虫对照组、免疫不攻虫组、免疫攻虫组试验期间的相时增重率、存活率、平均每克粪便卵囊(OPG)值、攻虫后第8天的肠道病变和综合抗球虫指数.结果表明,免疫不攻虫组、免疫攻虫组攻虫后没有鸡只死亡;免疫不攻虫组相对增重率最高,为97.74%,显著(P<0.05)高于免疫攻虫组和攻虫对照组(89.72%和69.85%);攻虫对照组攻虫期间平均OPG值最高,为1.26×105,而免疫攻虫纽仅为5.813×104;攻虫后第8天肠道平均病变计分,空白对照组0分,攻虫对照组、免疫不攻虫组及免疫攻虫组分别为4、1、2分;4组抗球虫指数(ACI)依次为200、62.18、192.74和178.76.平养鸡免疫试验,比较了平养鸡空白对照组、不免疫不攻虫组和免疫攻虫组(2组在同1个圈)的平均OPG值、相对增重率、攻虫后第8天的肠道病变.结果表明,和免疫攻虫组鸡群一起饲养的不免疫不攻虫组鸡群增重较快,相对增重率为99.39%,而免疫攻虫组鸡群为91.67%,但差异不显著;攻虫后第8天训检肠道平均病变计分,空白对照组0分,不免疫不攻虫组和免疫攻虫组分别为1、3分;攻虫期间免疫攻虫组鸡群平均OPG为6.025×105、不免疫不攻虫组也达3.675×105,免疫期间分别为7.5×104、3.5×104;3组ACI依次为200、193.39和175.76.从总体看,LCV-2安全性高,对笼养鸡和平养鸡都有较强的免疫效果,且对平养鸡的效果优于笼养鸡.     

鸡球虫核酸疫苗的研究进展

鸡球虫病是一种重要的寄生原虫病,给养禽业带来严重的经济损失,鸡的病死率有时高达40%。传统的强毒苗、弱毒苗预防鸡球虫病因存在安全性差、免疫效果不理想等因素而得不到广泛应用;球虫基因工程疫苗是较为理想的疫苗,但免疫保护效果较差。核酸疫苗是近年发展起来的一种新型疫苗,因其安全、稳定、高效和易于制备而得到广泛研究,被称为第三代疫苗。随着球虫抗原基因的不断发现,鸡球虫核酸疫苗的研究引起人们的广泛关注。本文就近年来鸡球虫核酸疫苗的研究进展作一综述。     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫BJ株核酸疫苗的构建及其免疫保护效果研究

将 E.tenella BJ株的保护性抗原基因 TA4插入真核表达载体中 ,然后在其上游融合方式插入 Et1A基因 ,构建成核酸疫苗并进行体外表达。IFAT检测表明 ,p CT转染细胞的荧光亮度高 ,p CTE载体大 ,转染效率低 ,荧光较弱。动物保护性试验中 ,间隔一周两次免疫鸡后攻虫发现 ,核酸疫苗对球虫感染具有明显的保护作用 ,可显著减轻球虫感染引起的机体增重下降 ,其中 ,重组干扰素联合 p CT中剂量 (5 0 μg)免疫时 ,鸡的增重效果最为明显 ,盲肠病变值也最小 ,ACI可达 16 7.2。试验还发现 ,5 0 μgp CTE可达到 10 0 μg p CT的抗球虫效果 ,ACI在 16 0以上 ,说明融合插入两种基因构建的核酸疫苗对球虫感染的保护效果更佳     

Gel-Bead Delivery of Eimeria oocysts protects chickens against coccidiosis

Vaccines composed of either virulent or attenuated Eimeria spp. oocysts have been developed as an alternative to medication of feed with ionophore drugs or synthetic chemicals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of gel-beads containing a mixture of Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria maxima, and Eimeria tenella oocysts as a vaccine against coccidiosis. Newly hatched chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus) were either sprayed with an aqueous suspension of Eimeria oocysts or were allowed to ingest feed containing Eimeria oocysts-incorporated gel-beads. Control day-old chicks were given an equivalent number of Eimeria oocysts (10(4) total) by oral gavage. After 3 days, chicks were randomly assigned to individual cages, and feces were collected between days 5 and 8 postinfection. All samples were processed for total Eimeria oocysts. At 4 wk of age, all chickens and a control nonimmunized group received a high-dose E acervulina, E maxima, and E. tenella challenge infection. Oocyst excretion by chicks fed gel-beads or inoculated by oral gavage was 10- to 100-fold greater than that of chicks spray-vaccinated with the Eimeria oocysts mixture (log 6.3-6.6 vs. log 4.8). Subsequent protection against challenge as measured by weight gain and feed conversion efficiency was significantly greater (P < 0.05) in gel-bead and oral gavage groups compared with spray-vaccinated or nonimmunized groups. Also, gel-bead and oral gavage groups showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) in weight gain and feed conversion efficiency compared with nonchallenged controls. These findings indicate that incorporation of Eimeria spp. oocysts in gel-beads may represent an effective way to deliver live oocyst vaccines to day-old chicks for preventing subsequent outbreaks of coccidiosis in the field.