以δc分析有机粪肥养鱼池中鱼类生长能源的初步研究

本文介绍了通过对鱼体、饵料、粪肥的δc值的分析来追踪碳元素的流向,从而研究施肥鱼池中鱼类生长能源的动力学过程的结果。研究表明,滤食性鱼类的生长能源主要来自自养生产系统;杂食性鱼类中的白鲫和鲤鱼,分别有三分之一以上和二分之一左右是来自自养生产系统,而其他部分的生长能源,则来自异养生产系统。     

鲤鱼、虹鳟卵中微量元素分析初报

本文对鲤鱼、虹鳟鱼卵中微量元素含量进行了分析.结果表明鲤鱼卵中微量元素含量排列顺序为K＞Na＞Zn＞Ca＞Fe＞Mg＞Cu＞Mn＞Cd＞Pb.它们在虹鳟鱼卵中排列顺序为K＞Na＞Ca＞Zn＞Fe＞Mg＞Cu＞Mn＞Pb和Cd.     

OPTIMAL SIZE OF FINGERLING TO UNDERSTOCK IN CATFISH GROW-OUT PONDS: AN APPLICATION OF A MULTI-PERIOD INTEGER PROGRAMMING MODEL

This article developed a multi-period linear programming model to identify the optimal size of fingerling to understock to maximize multi-period returns on a catfish grow-out farm. Grow-out production alternatives included understocking three different sizes (7.6 cm, 12.7 cm, and 17.8 cm) of fingerlings in multiple-batch production at 15,000 fingerlings per hectare. Fingerlings were produced either with or without thinning at different stocking densities. Results showed that the optimal size of fingerling to understock was 12.7 cm. On-farm production of fingerlings was optimal across all farm sizes but the fingerling production technique selected varied with farm size. Models of larger farm sizes indicated that it is optimal to thin fingerlings, while for smaller farm sizes, producing fingerlings without thinning was optimal. When farm size was treated as an endogenous variable in the farmer's profit-maximizing decisions, the optimal size of a catfish farm was 404 water-ha. Sensitivity analyses suggested that net returns were sensitive to changes in the key parameters of the model (such as interest rates, feed conversion ratios, survival rates, catfish prices, harvesting costs, and the availability of operating capital), whereas the optimal size of fingerlings to understock was robust to variations in the model's parameters.     

RESPONSES OF PLANKTONIC AND BENTHIC COMMUNITIES TO FERTILIZER AND FEED APPLICATIONS IN SHRIMP MARICULTURE PONDS

An experiment was performed to evaluate the responses of naturally occurring populations of plankton and benthos to applications of inorganic fertilizer and commercial marine ration in a shrimp grow-out facility near Angleton, Texas. Ten ponds were stocked with an average of 17,000 post-larval Penaeus stylirostris on July 8, 1980. Three of these ponds received fertilizer 19 days before stocking and again 7 days after stocking. Another 3 ponds were fed daily with Ralston Purina Experimental Marine Ration 20 beginning on the stocking day. Three other ponds received the 2 fertilizer applications and daily feed. One control pond was not given fertilizer or feed. Beginning 19 days before stocking and continuing for 14 weeks, samples were collected and quantitatively analyzed for chlorophyll, zoo-plankton and benthic organisms. Results indicated that fertilizer stimulates the production of chlorophyll and planktonic copepods. Planktonic rotifers varied independently of feed or fertilizer. Densities of planktonic polychaete larvae seemed to be related to changes in the populations of benthic adult polychaetes. The benthic community was dominated by polychaetes, harpacticoid copepods and nematodes. Polychaetes tended to be more abundant when feed was present. Harpacticoids and nematodes did not seem to be affected by experimental treatments. All benthos fell to very low densities after 50 days of the study. The best shrimp production occurred in feed and fertilized ponds, followed by feed only, fertilizer only and the control. Potential linkages between natural production and shrimp growth are discussed.     

ACUTE TOXICITY OF PROPANIL,ORDRAM AND FURADAN TO CRAWFISH (Procambarus clarkii) WHEN CHEMICALS WERE COMBINED AND USED ALONE1

In laboratory studies, acute toxicity tests (96-hour) showed strong main effect on crawfish when Propanil, Ordram, and Furadan were combined; this combination was the most toxic treatment to crawfish. Furthermore, a strong interaction among the three suggests a non-additive response. Ordram alone was the least toxic pesticide. Additive effect was observed when Furadan was combined with Ordram or Propanil, but antagonism was detected in the combination of Propanil with Ordram. Concentrations higher than the recommended rate for use at normal conditions had a significant (P<0.05) lethal effect on crawfish. Soil moderated the toxicity of some pesticides and their combinations.     

池塘中亚硝酸盐对草鱼种的毒害及防治

亚硝酸盐对草鱼种有很高的毒性,特别是水温超过30℃以上时。它主要是诱导草鱼血液中的血红蛋白转变为高铁血红蛋白,高铁血红蛋白超过血红蛋白总量的23.0％时,容易诱发草鱼出血病。随着草鱼血液中高铁血红蛋白的增高,红细胞数量和血红蛋白含量逐渐减少。池中亚硝酸盐氮含量到0.099±0.03毫克/升时,草鱼会出现出血病。清除水中亚硝酸盐氮的方法是在池塘中施加次氯酸钠,亚硝酸盐氮超过0.15毫克/升时,最好在池塘中先施加熟石灰,然后施加次氯酸钠,且以分次施用,效果较好。     

高白鲑人工繁殖试验初报

我国于1985—1987年先后分四批从日本、苏联引进高白鲑发眼卵,经饲育于1987年末,部分亲鱼达到性成熟,我国首次进行了高白鲑的人工繁殖,获得了鱼苗。本文重点介绍了高白鲑亲鱼的选择、暂养、成熟度鉴定、人工授精、鱼卵冲洗及受精卵脱粘等技术措施。     

闽南地区灯光围网夏汛渔获量预报的一种新方法

本文以闽南、台湾浅滩渔场中上层鱼类群聚资源的变动趋势为依据,建立了闽南地区灯光围网夏汛(6～9月)单位日渔获量与前三年夏汛(6～9月)单位日渔获量的平均值的一元回归方程,预报复汛单位日渔获量。并以此推算汛总渔获量和单位汛渔获量的预报值。该预报可比1982年和1989年报道的两种预报法提前3～4个月发布。在1992～1995年的现场预报,准确率在76.70～99.85,平均90.85％。     

对虾养殖池沉积环境中TOC_TP_TN和pH垂直分布

１９９５年冬季,测定了青岛地区四个池龄１０年以上的对虾养殖池不同层次沉积物中有机碳（ＴＯＣ）、总氮（ＴＮ）、总磷（ＴＰ）和ｐＨ并研究了其垂直分布。结果表明,沉积物中的ＴＯＣ和ＴＮ污染较底层严重,泥质虾池表层污染较泥沙质更严重。沉积物中ＴＰ为输出过程而导致缺乏,ＴＰ的受扰动层与ＴＯＣ和ＴＮ的污染层基本一致。沉积物的ｐＨ无规律性变化。     

高产成鱼池蓝绿色裸甲藻水华的研究

由蓝绿色裸甲藻(Gymnodinium,sp．)形成的蓝绿色水华是无锡渔区高产鱼池典型水质之一。本文对该藻的形态特征、生态、池塘培育和控制以及对鱼类的影响进行了研究。蓝绿裸甲藻水华具喜温、喜光、喜有机氮肥,喜红褐色水色(生物因子),且对外界环境的变化十分敏感等生态特点。蓝绿裸甲藻水华池的理化条件较差,特别是藻体繁殖过度,极易恶化水质,造成鱼类泛池。采用增施有机氮肥、合理使用增氧机、加水等综合措施可促进和控制该藻的繁殖。经鱼类消化道镜检表明,蓝绿裸甲藻能被鲢、鳙鱼及鲤、鲫、罗非鱼鱼种大量摄食,并被鱼类消化。对无锡河埒渔业一队成鱼池三年统计,蓝绿裸甲藻水华池的鲢鳙鱼净产量比无水华池高33．4～37．5％。     

含铬鱼肉质遗传毒理学检测与评价

以氯化铬0．5mgCr/kg饵料喂饲鲤二个月,以全鱼为受试物,不同剂量给小鼠一次灌胃,观察2周。急性毒性实验证明该样品为无毒物质。遗传毒理学检测,小鼠骨髓嗜多微核试验为阴性;小鼠睾丸染色体畸变分析末见染色体损伤;小鼠伤寒沙门氏菌/微粒体试验（Ames）在不加与加S9代谢活化系统的条件下,对Ames试验菌球均呈阴性结果。上述三项检测结果表明：铬对鱼无致突变作用,从遗传毒理学角度认为食用是安全的。     

南沙群岛西南部陆架海区主要经济鱼类渔业生物学的初步研究

本文根据１９９２－１９９３年南沙群岛西南部陆架海区底拖网渔业资源调查资料，分析了 １７种主要经济鱼类的渔业生物学特性，并应用体长方法估计了 ｖｏｎ Ｂｅｒｔａｌａｎｆｆｙ生长参数（Ｌ和Ｋ）、总死亡系数、自然死亡系数、捕捞死亡系数和开发率，讨论了资源的开发状况。     

池养脊尾白虾的繁殖、生长及其最大持续轮捕量的初步探讨

池养脊尾白虾经过３个月生长可达性成熟，抱卵亲虾占总虾数比例为３．８４％－１６．７１％，相对抱卵量平均值为５１２．７２粒／克体重。本试验中池养脊尾白虾的体长、体重与月龄关系可用ｖｏｎ Ｂｅｒｔａｌａｎｆｆｙ生长方程描述。在目前的轮捕条件下，３月龄的个体可供渔具选择，年总死亡率φ＝０．６２７０，轮捕死亡率Ｅ＝０．２７４４，自然死亡率Ｄ＝０．３５２６。若把首次轮捕月龄从３月龄提高到４月龄，轮捕强度控制在     

PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE AQUACULTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE DOLPHIN FISH,Coryphaena hippurus (LINNAEUS)

First and second generation (F₁ and F₂), laboratory reared juvenile Coryphaena hippurus were used in preliminary growth studies. Fish were stocked in circular tanks and fed a diet of chopped herring and squid. Initial size and age of fish used in these studies were as follows: 61 mm TL, 1.6 g, and 45 days old for F₁ and 87 mm TL, 5.95 g, and 65 days old for F₂. Mean size at 130 days of age was 560 mm TL and 1,305 g for F₁ and 540 mm TL and 1,150 g for F₂. Food conversion ratios were 3.05 and 2.9 4 for F₁ and F₂ fish, respectively.     

塘堰轮捕轮放网具及其轮捕技术的研究

对塘堰鲢、鳙、草鱼的体形系数研究得出:鲢、鳙、草鱼的体长系数K_1分别为0.166,0.168和0.145;肥瘦系数K_2分别为6.36,6.40和5.50。直接采用体重公式α=K_2·G~(1/3)的计算结果来设计网具的网目大小。对所研究的三层拖刺网和革新地曳网经1984、1985两年的8个不同塘堰面积,近100网次的试验,证明它们是塘堰轮捕轮放的新型网具。     

长鳍吻鮈生物学的初步研究

本文研究了乌江下游长鳍吻(鱼句)的生活习性、食性、年龄与生长及繁殖特性,对其资源状况和渔业利用进行了分析。     

用三甲胺特效电极对海产鱼虾作质量评定

三甲胺氮(TMA-N)是评定海产鱼虾鲜度质量的指标之一,通常用苦味酸比色法测定(Dyer,W.J.,1945;桥本芳郎,1957;户(氵尺)晴已,1970;Bullard,F.A.,1980;美国公职分析家协会,1984),此法操作较繁琐且测定速度慢。Keay,J.M.et al.(1972)和Ritskes,T.M.(1975)曾用气相色谱法进行测定,但该法仪器昂贵,不易推广。本研究的目的是寻找一种简便快速且有一定精度的TMA-N测定法。     

广东鱼塭纳苗种类组成和纳苗量的季节变化

鱼塭即北方所谓“港”,是一种人工围海筑成的咸水和海水水塘,面积大小不一,广东沿海及河口地带,利用这种水体进行角、虾养殖极普遍。鱼塭养殖方法在我国已有300多年历史,到解放以后有了很大的发展。这种养殖所用的鱼、虾种苗,是依靠在适当时间开放闸门,利用涨潮时塭内外水位差,将塭外海水灌入塭内时引进去的。