苯甲酰脲类昆虫几丁质合成抑制剂开发进展

本文概述了苯甲酰脲类昆虫几丁质合成抑制剂的开发进展。介绍了9个昆虫几丁质合成抑制剂新品种，对其生物活性以及该类制剂存在的问题及发展趋势作了简要介绍。     

苏脲Ⅰ号防治枣步曲及对蜜蜂的安全问题

苏脲Ⅰ号[r(2氯苯甲酰基)-3-(4-氯苯基脲]是一种昆虫几丁质合成酶抑制剂,昆虫食后破坏几丁质,使幼虫在变态过程中因新皮形成受到阻碍而死亡。苏脲Ⅰ号自1976年由江苏师范学院化学系合成以来,经过对蚊、蝇、粘虫、菜青虫等的毒杀与防治试验,证明具有较高的杀虫活性。 1979年起我们应用苏脲Ⅰ号对枣步曲进行了室内和室外毒杀试验,在50ppm时,杀     

几丁质合成抑制剂在白蚁防治中的研究进展

昆虫生长调节剂是一类新型的第三代杀虫剂,能阻碍或干扰昆虫正常的生长发育,活性高,残毒小,对环境污染少,大量应用于农、林、卫生害虫防治。其中,应用比较广泛的是几丁质合成抑制剂,能阻碍白蚁新表皮的形成,抑制白蚁的蜕皮而致死。目前,几丁质合成抑制剂如氟铃脲、杀铃脲、除虫脲、氟啶脲等已应用于白蚁群体防治,对白蚁有显著的控制作用,是目前砒剂和灭蚁灵较理想的替代物。     

除虫脲在苹果及土壤中的残留及消解动态研究初步结果

除虫脲(灭幼脲1号)商品名 Dimilin,通用名 diflubenzuron,是荷兰 Phlips—Duphar 公司1972年开发的农药产品,化学结构式为: 除虫脲与我国生产的灭幼脲3号为同系化合物,同属昆虫激素类杀虫剂,它能抑制昆虫表皮几丁质的合成,昆虫幼虫吃下后,表皮的几丁质合成受到抑制。在蜕皮时不能形成新表皮,使之变态受阻而形成畸形或死亡。该杀虫剂对粘虫、尺蠖、舟形毛虫、桃小食心虫等害虫都     

氟铃脲防治小菜蛾效果好

氟铃脲防治小菜蛾效果好许小龙韩丽娟顾中言王强黄祥麟（江苏省农科院植保所２１００１４）新型酰基脲类杀虫剂氟铃脲，其主要是抑制几丁质合成，阻碍昆虫正常蜕皮生长，毒性很低，特别适用于防治为害经济作物的鳞翅目幼虫。１９９５年和１９９６年，进行了５％氟铃脲乳油...     

两种昆虫生长调节剂对黑腹果蝇和斑翅果蝇的生物活性

为探讨昆虫生长调节剂氟铃脲和虱螨脲对黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster和斑翅果蝇D.suzukii的毒性机制,采用室内生测法测定氟铃脲、虱螨脲对2种果蝇2龄幼虫的毒力,以及其在亚致死浓度LC_(10)、LC_(20)下对2种果蝇体内几丁质酶活性的影响。结果显示,经不同浓度的氟铃脲和虱螨脲处理后,随着时间的延长和浓度的增加,2种果蝇的死亡率均明显增加,氟铃脲处理可使2种果蝇的死亡率最高达到83.33%,明显高于虱螨脲处理后黑腹果蝇(65.00%)和斑翅果蝇(66.66%)的死亡率。亚致死浓度LC_(10)和LC_(20)的虱螨脲处理果蝇2龄幼虫24 h后,黑腹果蝇2龄幼虫体内的几丁质酶活性呈下降趋势,而斑翅果蝇2龄幼虫体内的几丁质酶活性则呈上升趋势。另外,亚致死浓度的氟铃脲可明显抑制黑腹果蝇体内几丁质酶的活性。表明昆虫生长调节剂氟铃脲和虱螨脲对果蝇有较强的毒力,氟铃脲的毒力高于虱螨脲,且果蝇体内几丁质酶的活性与氟铃脲和虱螨脲密切相关。     

新型杀虫剂 灭幼脲类

灭幼脲(除虫脲)类,系取代苯基苯甲酰基脲类化合物,又称几丁质合成抑制剂。目前国内外研究较多的有灭幼脲1号(TH6040),化学名称为1-2.6-二氟-(苯甲酰基)-3-(4-氯苯基)脲,化学结构式灭幼脲2号(TH6038),化学名称为1-2.6二氯-(苯甲酰基)-3-(4-氯苯基)脲,化学构式 灭幼脲3号(苏脲1号),化学名称为1-2-氯-(苯甲酰基)-3-(4-氯苯基)脲,化学结构式     

高压液相色谱法测定灭幼脲在土壤中的残留量

灭幼脲3号是吉林省通化化工研究所与通化农药厂联合研制的一种新杀虫剂。它可以抑制昆虫表皮几丁质的合成。使变态受阻。对成虫则有抑制产卵和使卵不孵化的作用。国外有很多关于灭幼脲1号的残留分析方法的报导,但尚未见到关于灭幼脲3号的残留分析方法。为了研究灭幼脲3号在土壤中的残留动态,我们研究了灭幼脲3号在土壤中的残留分析方法。“1”号和“3”号的结构式如下:     

新型2,6-二氟苯甲酰脲类化合物对草地贪夜蛾的生物活性及其几丁质合成的影响

本文通过对已报道的具有优异杀虫活性的肟醚苯甲酰脲类化合物NK-17进行结构改造，得到化合物(E)-N-((4-((叔丁氧亚氨基)甲基)苯基)甲氨基甲酰基)-2,6-二氟苯甲酰胺(以下简称为“HN-21”)，以改善其在有机溶剂中的溶解能力。采用叶片药膜法测定HN-21和对照药剂虱螨脲对草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda 2龄幼虫的生物活性，并分析其对草地贪夜蛾几丁质合成过程的影响。结果表明，HN-21对草地贪夜蛾幼虫72 h的致死中浓度为0.681 mg/L，显著低于虱螨脲(10.052 mg/L)，受试昆虫均死于蜕皮过程中。受试昆虫用虱螨脲10.052 mg/L处理24 h时，几丁质合成通路基因(sfTRE1、sfTRE2、sfGFAT、sfUAP、sfCHS1)表达量明显下降，早于用HN-21 0.681 mg/L处理组，但48 h时两组昆虫基因表达量下调程度已无显著性差异。该研究结果可为更好地开发利用苯甲酰脲类化合物提供理论依据。     

灭幼脲防治马尾松毛虫研究初报

灭幼脲是八十年代发展起来的一种高效低毒新型的杀虫剂,它能抑制昆虫几丁质的合成,使昆虫不能脱皮而死亡。在马尾松毛虫的综合治理中,如何选择好化学农药,是本项试验的目的。根据两年的试验结果,采用灭幼脲Ⅲ号,每亩用量按有效成分6—10克,在10～15天内防治效果可达90％以上,苏脲Ⅰ号比灭幼脲低20～30％;若每亩加入2.5％溴氰菊酯1克混用,可起增效作用,比单用灭幼脲同时间内高40～50％;同时对马尾松毛虫幼虫、蛹均     

温度和湿度对白僵菌孢子粉贮藏期和寄生力的影响

白僵菌作为微生物杀虫剂,在我国已广泛应用。本文仅报道了白僵菌孢子粉在不同温度和湿度条件下对其贮藏期和寄生力的影响。一、材料与方法 (一)以吉林玉米螟白僵菌9号、湖南叶蝉白僵菌751号和广东省新会松毛虫白僵菌为供试菌株,采用PDA 0.3％蛋白胨培养基,25℃培养20天,形成孢子后收取表面孢子层,经干燥研碎团块120目过筛取孢子粉,装入称量瓶内,铜纱包扎,分放盛有不同饱和盐类的干燥器中贮存。     

OBSERVATIONS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ADSORPTION OF DIURON AND THE NATURE OF THE ADSORBENT

Summary. A series of adsorption experiments was carried out in order to determine if there was significant competition for adsorption sites between diuron and water. Adsorption of diuron was much lower on hydrophilic materials such as cellulose, chitin, aluminium oxide and a soil mineral fraction than on the less hydrophilic ion exchange resins, lignin, carbon and a soil organic fraction. Methylation with methanolic HCL or diazomethane increased adsorption by the soil organic material, but methylation with dimethyl sulphate did not.
The soil mineral fraction adsorbed considerably more diuron from petroleum spirit solution than from aqueous solution, but the organic matter preparation adsorbed more from aqueous than from petroleum solution.
It was concluded that there is competition between water and diuron for adsorption sites and that diuron is a more effective competitor at soil organic matter surfaces than at soil mineral matter surfaces.
Observations sur la relation entre l'adsorption du diuron el la nature de l'adsorbant     

玉米青枯病病原菌的分离及其致病性测定技术的研究

 在1985~1995年期间,先后对国内16个省、市、区的1394份玉米青枯病株进行分离,腐霉的分离频率为63.8%,而镰刀菌则为36.4%。两菌在各省市区的分离频率不尽相同。深入研究的结果表明,培养基种类、分离部位、不同病级的病株或病株分离(采集)的季节对分离结果有直接影响。#br#根据Koch氏法则,从病株上分离的腐霉和镰刀菌必须回接在感病的玉米株上,测定其致病性。接种结果表明,腐霉具有致病性,应是玉米青枯病的病原菌,而镰刀菌则不是。研究结果还表明,接种方式、玉米生育期、接种的菌量、盆土含水量对致病性测定的成败具有重大影响。     

三唑酮、三唑醇对小麦纹枯病菌形态和生理的影响

 小麦纹枯病菌(Rhizoctonia cerealis)在加入三唑酮(Triadimefon)或三唑醇(Triadimenol)的培养液中生长时,菌丝形态和生理发生明显的改变。菌丝畸形,表现为细胞肿大,细胞分隔处菌丝缢缩;药剂处理后,等量菌丝的麦角甾醇含量下降,1、5μg/ml的三唑酮和三唑醇处理,麦角甾醇含量比对照减少45.155.9%和27.5、48.9%;菌丝在药剂处理后,电解质渗漏增加,5μg/ml药剂处理一小时后,三唑酮组的菌丝之细胞电解质渗漏达2.58%,三唑醇组的渗漏为2.19%,空白对照组仅为0.65%。本研究结果表明,三唑酮、三唑醇对小麦纹枯病菌具有直接的伤害作用。     

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE ACTIVITY AND PERSISTENCE OF AMITROLE AND 2,4-D

Summary. One leaf of each of several tomato plants 5–6 weeks old maintained at 55, 70 or 85° F was dipped in 0.05 M amitrole or 0.005 M 2,4-D solution. The treated leaf was removed 1 week later. Scions taken from untreated plants were grafted to the treated plants at intervals up to 4 months after treatment.
Amitrole-treated plants maintained at 55° F were killed within 1 month but those at 70 and 85° F recovered.
Plants treated with 2,4-D showed typical symptoms when maintained at 70 and 85° F but no symptoms at 55° F. Scions grafted on plants maintained at 55, 70 and 85° F for 60 days after 2,4-D treatments exhibited typical symptoms. Grafts made more than 60 days following the 2,4-D application did not exhibit symptoms except a slight malformation on the plants held at 55° F.
New growth on the scions grafted up to 103 days after amitrole treatment on plants which had been maintained at 70 and 85° F exhibited typical amitrole symptoms (i.e. white foliage) but scions grafted after this lime did not. New shoots developing from buds on the treated plants also produced green growth 115 days after treatment but produced white foliage prior to that time.
Effet de la température sur l'activi'ité et la persistance de l'aminotriazole et du 2,4-D     

THE EFFECTS OF SUB-LETHAL DOSES OF MCPA ON THE MORPHOLOGY AND YIELD OF VEGETABLECROPS

Summary. The effects of sub-lethal doses of MCPA-sodium on the morphology and yield of red beet, turnip and onion and on the morphology of spinach were studied in field and glasshouse experiments. Epinastic responses of beet were seen at 0.003 lb/ac a.c., but no serious formative effects or yield reductions occurred below 0–07 lb/ac and plants were only killed by doses above 0–1 lb/ac. Spinach was affected at 0–06 lb/ac, the lowest dose used, but the plants were not killed at 0–33 lb/ac. Epinasty in turnip occurred at 0–002 lb/ac, and at 0–01 lb/ac many of the roots were abnormal, while spraying with 0–1 lb/ac and above resulted in severe distortion or death of the plants. Onion was the least affected of all the crops studied. When a welting agent was included in the spray epinasty occurred at 0–3 lb/ac, but there were no serious formative effects or yield reductions below 1–0 lb/ac. The symptoms of injury in onion were often transitory because the affected parts were replaced as the bulb developed.
Effets de doses sub-léthatles de MCPA sur la morphologie et If rendement des cultures légumiéres. V. Betteraves, Epinards, Navets et Oignons     

黄土高原人工草地的土壤水分动态及水土保持效益研究

通过９年观测，黄土高原人工草地土壤水分的季节性变化可划分为三个阶段，在此基础上模拟不同人工草地土壤水分的变化规律；随着牧草生育期的延长至第９年，人工草地土壤水分恢复程度逐渐减弱；沙打旺生存能力极强，能够高效地利用深层土壤贮水；用数学模型可以模拟不同人工草地的水土流失，将植被因子引入水土流失方程，可以定量描述对水土流失的影响；反映植被、土壤等因子与水土流失关系的复合因子Ａ￣１值，基本上代表不同人工草地水土流失状况。     

棉红蜘蛛为害对棉花生长发育和产量的影响及其防治指标的研究

作者从1978—1983年对棉红蜘蛛的为害进行研究。结果表明,棉花苗期受害后,棉株高度降低,果枝数和青铃数减少。蕾铃期受害后,青铃数明显减少。棉株受害后影响产量。为害指数(x)与减产率(y)的关系式为:苗期y=10.40x±1.21(0≤x≤2.36),蕾铃期y=12.53x±1.5(0≤x≤2.5)。在田间调查时,可根据红斑株率(n)与红斑株平均为害指数(m)的关系式m=0.2165+0.00889n±0.14推算出减产率。利用y=10.40x±1.21,y=12.53x±1.5和m=0.2165+0.00889n±0.14,结合当地棉花的生产水平,可确定以红斑株率表示的防治指标。红斑株率易于调查和推广应用。