猪精液冷冻保存试验效果初报

六种常温保存液对猪精液进行预处理后,再利用三种冷冻液进行冷冻保存试验,研究常温保存液和冷冻液对猪精液冷冻保存的影响及它们之间的配合效应,以冷冻-解冻后精子活力作为评定标准。结果表明:六种常温保存液对冻后精子的影响存在显著差异(P=0.003);三种冷冻保护液对冻后精子活力的影响无明显差异(P=0.585),但与常温保存液之间表现出明显的配合效应(P=0.0001),可能与常温保存液和冷冻液的成分及它们之间的相互关系有关。试验说明所选用的三种冷冻基础液对精子活力的影响不大,但与常温保存液配合后却能表现出很强的影响力;就单独分析两种因素对精子活力影响而言,常温保存液的预处理占主导地位。     

小麦花粉的低温和超低温保存研究

研究小麦花粉的保存条件,对小麦杂交育种和种质资源保存具有重要意义。对小麦花粉进行低温冷藏(4℃)、低温冷冻(-20℃)和超低温冷冻(-196℃)保存比较试验,并分析了影响小麦花粉不同保存方式授粉效果的因素。结果表明：4℃不利于小麦花粉的保存,-20℃适宜小麦花粉的短期(7d)保存,-196℃适宜花粉的长期(368d)保存;经过-20℃和-196℃保存后的花粉可进行异地授粉;冷冻花粉适宜的干燥条件是温度20℃、湿度25%、干燥1h,最简便适合的复苏方式是室温(25℃)自然复苏。研究结果为杂交小麦制种提供了重要的技术支撑。     

新疆野苹果花粉活力的研究初报

以新疆伊犁地区新源县交吾托海野果林原生境内的新疆野苹果不同单株的花粉为试验材料,采用固体培养基法研究了不同保存温度和不同浓度蔗糖对花粉活力的影响。结果表明：花粉常温保存3d以内活力较高,平均萌发率为58%,保存5d以后花粉活力开始明显下降,平均萌发率为37%,保存30d以后平均萌发率仅1%,几乎无活力;花粉4℃保存10d以内具有较高活力,平均萌发率在50%以上,4℃保存130d仍有活力;蔗糖对花粉萌发有明显的促进作用,其中以浓度15%蔗糖较好。单株间花粉活力存在差异。     

提高西门塔尔牛冷冻精液使用效果的研究

为提高西门塔尔牛冷冻精液的使用效果,从筛选稀释液配方、选择最佳解冻温度与解冻后保存温度三个方面进行了研究。实验结果表明：（1）通过比较三种冷冻精液保存稀释液对冷冻后精子活力的影响,表明稀释液Ⅲ和稀释液Ⅱ的保存效果均极显著优于稀释液Ⅰ的保存效果（P<0.01）,稀释液Ⅲ与稀释液Ⅱ间的保存效果差异不显著（P>0.05）（2）将牛细管冻精在不同温度、不同时间下进行解冻,解冻后精子活率随解冻温度升高（40℃~65℃）而升高,但高温下（80℃）解冻精子活率低于解冻温度为（40℃~65℃）（3）在两个温度范围进行精液解冻后保存试验,结果以（0℃~5℃）范围解冻后保存效果较好。     

不同贮藏条件对小白菜品质的影响

以小白菜为试材,研究其在冰箱常温贮藏(8~12℃、相对湿度(RH)50%~60%)、普通冰箱冷藏(6℃、RH 50%~60%)、冰箱高湿冷藏(6℃、RH 85%~90%)12 d期间品质的变化。结果表明,冰箱高湿冷藏能明显减少小白菜的失重率,保持叶绿素、VC含量和硬度,小白菜的保鲜效果较好;其次,冰箱普通冷藏条件下小白菜的各项品质指标显著好于冰箱常温贮藏。表明适宜的低温与高湿条件有利于保持小白菜的采后品质。     

红花瘤果茶种子贮藏特性及萌发过程中抗氧化酶活性的研究

针对红花瘤果茶(Camellia rubituberculata)物种濒危及自然繁育困难的问题,在不同的种子贮藏条件下,检测种子贮藏特性及其萌发过程中抗氧化酶变化。结果表明:1)红花瘤果茶种子在常温保存、干燥冷藏、干燥冷冻、拌沙冷藏、拌沙冷冻等5种条件下贮藏60 d后,种子的生活力均开始下降、拌沙冷藏60 d是最适宜的贮藏时间,种子生活力最高可达90.00%,而在贮藏120 d时生活力下降为30.00%。贮藏120 d后,种子劣变程度加深、发芽率和发芽势明显下降,冷冻贮藏的种子基本不发芽。2)在5种贮藏条件下,种子的粗脂肪含量均呈下降趋势,可溶性糖呈上升态势,可溶性蛋白质含量呈先上升后下降再上升的周期性变化规律。3)未经贮藏的种子在15℃、25℃、35℃条件下均能发芽,抗氧化酶活性随着温度的变化而差异显著,在萌发后期,过氧化物酶(POD)活性在15℃最高,25℃最低。35℃条件下的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性低于15℃和25℃条件下的,25℃条件下的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性高于15℃和35℃条件下的,温度一定时,光照时间对种子萌发过程中抗氧化酶变化的影响不显著。     

不同储藏温度下腊肉中油脂氧化规律的研究

以腊肉为研究对象,分别考察常温(15℃)、冷藏(4℃)、冷冻(-18℃)三个温度下储藏180 d期间腊肉中水分活度、p H、酸价、过氧化值和TBA值等指标的变化情况,研究腊肉中油脂的氧化规律,为制定腊肉货架期提供理论支撑。结果表明,腊肉油脂在常温储藏过程中较冷藏和冷冻发生了大量降解;过氧化值先升后降,TBA值、酸价都呈逐渐上升趋势,水分活度和p H呈逐渐下降趋势。常温储藏条件下的腊肉油脂氧化程度显著高于冷藏和冷冻储藏。     

种翅及贮藏温度对木地肤种子萌发和寿命的影响

为了研究种翅和贮藏温度对木地肤(Kochia prostrata)种子萌发和种子寿命的影响,试验将收获的种子置于黑暗条件下,采用常温、冷藏(-18℃)分别贮藏3个月、6个月、9个月、12个月、15个月,然后测定种子发芽率。结果表明,贮藏15个月后,常温贮藏去翅种比有翅种发芽率高13.44%;冷藏条件去翅种发芽率比有翅种高14.67%;-18℃贮藏15个月后,冷藏去翅种比常温贮藏去翅种发芽率高45.33%;冷藏有翅种比常温贮藏有翅种发芽率高44.00%。说明种翅抑制种子萌发,冷藏木地肤种子可延缓其生理衰退,延长种子寿命。     

贮藏温度对云南主栽蓝莓果实采后生理代谢的影响

为研究贮藏温度对云南主栽蓝莓果实采后生理代谢的影响,以玉溪澄江主栽的晚熟品种“夏普蓝”为试验材料,在5℃和0℃2种温度下贮藏,以常温条件为对照,每隔2 d分别测定蓝莓果实硬度、可溶性固形物(TSS)、丙二醛、总酚、类黄酮、花青素含量、多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶的活性等指标。结果表明,5℃冷藏条件下的蓝莓果实硬度保持较好,TSS损耗较低,总酚的含量、类黄酮的含量及花青素的含量均比对照和0℃贮藏条件下要高,同时,5℃冷藏条件下,蓝莓果实还能保持较高的多酚氧化酶活性和过氧化物酶活性,有利于保持其果实品质。因此,5℃冷藏是较为适宜云南主栽蓝莓果实“夏普蓝”的温度条件。     

不同贮藏方法对鸽蛋保鲜效果的影响

以失重率、蛋黄指数、哈夫单位和散黄率为评价指标,研究了不同贮藏方法对鸽蛋的保鲜效果.结果表明,鸽蛋常温25℃条件下贮藏的保鲜期只有7d;(2±1)℃冷藏条件下的保鲜期可达到40 d;0.5g/m3臭氧杀菌3 min+冷藏可使鸽蛋的保鲜期延长到60 d;采用清水清洗+臭氧杀菌+6％聚丙烯酸涂膜+冷藏的综合技术措施,可使鸽...     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.