县级土地利用总体规划实施评价研究——以新疆托克逊县为例

开展土地利用总体规划实施评价,有利于保障规划顺利实施,完善规划体系,提高规划的科学性和合理性。本研究主要以托克逊县土地利用总体规划(2010—2020年)为例(以下简称《规划》),借助Kq Palnning3.5,采取定性和定量相结合的方法,运用层次分析法、特尔斐法等构建评价指标体系,通过多因素综合评判模型进行量化计算,得出实施评价的综合评分为85.63。此外,对规划与未来发展趋势进行了适应性评价,并对土地规划中存在的约束性指标进行指标预警分析。结果表明,规划执行情况总体良好,个别指标不理想;规划与未来发展趋势不相适应;新增建设用地布局指标出现强警。并分析总结规划实施的成效和存在的问题,提出了相应的建议。     

土地利用总体规划后评估的指标体系构建

笔者主要采用文献资料法和系统工程分析法,构建土地利用总体规划后评估的指标体系,旨在通过土地利用总体规划实施情况评估、规划实施效益评估、土地资源节约集约评估等建立规划后评估体系,全面分析和掌握现行土地利用总体规划的实施情况和效益情况,确认规划的合理性,提高土地利用规划编制的科学性和权威性,促进社会经济全面协调发展。     

优化城乡建设用地结构与布局研究——以河北省藁城市为例

优化城乡建设用地结构与布局是统筹城乡发展、构建和谐社会的重要内容。本研究为了解决在统筹城乡发展过程中如何更好地安排城乡建设用地结构与布局的问题,以河北省藁城市为研究对象,在充分调查河北省藁城市城乡建设用地的现状的基础上,从数量、布局、所占比重等方面分析了城乡建设用地存在的问题。研究认为,城镇规模偏小、土地集约利用程度相对较低、双重用地问题突出、城市化水平低、产业发展竞争力不足等问题是阻碍城乡建设用地结构与布局优化的重要因素,并从科学编制土地利用总体规划、建立土地集约利用评价体系、深化改革、加强土地管理、集约利用土地的城镇化道路等方面提出相应优化藁城市城乡用地结构,推进建设用地整理的对策建议。     

县级土地利用总体规划实施评价方法探讨

在土地利用总体规划管理的各个环节中,规划的实施评价是极其重要的一环。文章针对土地利用总体规划实施评价中存在的问题,提出了评价指标体系,指出影响规划实施评价的因素包括对土地利用的结构、规模、布局和时序、效益、实施措施、社会影响评价等7个方面;建立了土地利用总体规划综合评价模型,其中因素权重的确定采用特尔菲(Delphi)法。在对重庆市城口县土地利用总体规划实施评价过程中,采用了多种数据标准化方法对数据进行标准化处理,将规划实施评价的结果分为A(P≥85),B(70相似文献   

基于MapGIS的县乡土地利用总体规划数据库研究

为了科学地管理和实施土地利用总体规划成果,实现土地资源管理信息化,笔者主要探索基于MapGIS平台下,如何利用土地利用现状数据库和土地利用总体规划成果,建立县乡土地利用总体规划数据库,运用系统分析与流程图法,系统阐述了数据库建立的总体思路、目标、技术路线,解决了在数据库建立过程中规划要素层添加,建立了数据库区文件、线文件以及点文件的属性结构,提出了属性数据的输入方法,并着重对图斑面积量算方法进行描述。结果表明,在MapGIS软件平台下,运用土地利用现状数据库和土地利用总体规划成果可以建立规划数据库。     

关于上一轮县级土地利用总体规划中土地利用变化及生态环境效应的思考 ——以重庆市丰都县为例

基于重庆市丰都县1996年、2004年土地利用现状与2010年土地利用总体规划数据，运用特尔斐法、层次分析法、定量分析法，对丰都县1996—2004和1996—2010土地利用变化及生态环境效应进行对比定量分析研究。结果表明：（1）土地利用格局均发生了明显变化，耕地、未利用土地减少，园地、林地、水域、交通用地增加；（2）土地利用变化引起的生态环境质量变化均呈改善趋势，其主要原因是退耕还园、还林，以及未利用土地的开发利用；（3）规划与实施土地利用变化及生态环境效应差异太大；（4）土地利用总体规划与实际土地利用变化一致性很差，缺乏科学性和严肃性；（5）对规划土地利用变化引起的生态环境改善重视不够。最后提出新一轮土地利用总体规划修编的建议。     

黑龙江省勇跃村村屯建设规划前后土地利用效率对比分析

本研究旨在通过计量分析对比黑龙江省勇跃村村屯总体规划前后土地利用的集约情况,进而提高勇跃村土地集约利用度。结合研究区实际情况和收集资料的情况,采用层次分析法构建勇跃村土地利用集约评价指标体系,采用层次分析的方法确定各项评价指标因素的权重,建立多因素综合评价模型,统计分析勇跃村规划前、近期规划、规划后的土地集约利用综合评价值,并对其进行对比分析。结果表明,勇跃村土地集约利用综合评价值:规划前为39.05,近期规划为38.27,规划后为61.58。最后,为提高勇跃村土地集约利用度,提出了因地制宜、结合规划区实际情况编制规划;科学、合理布局新农村各类建设用地;严格控制农村存在的闲散地等建议。     

基于行为主体决策机制的土地利用规划方法初探

随着中国市场经济体制改革的不断深入,社会主体构成多元化,用地需求、用地动机呈现多样化,土地利用规划行为更加复杂。传统的土地利用规划方法较少从土地利用行为角度分析,在规划中缺乏对土地使用者的用地心理、用地动机、用地偏好、土地利用行为决策特征的了解,对土地使用者转换土地用途的行为机理不清楚,从而导致规划缺乏行为管理的针对性和激励机制。拟在土地利用规划方法综合分析的基础上,通过对土地利用规划主体行为价值取向、行为特征及其驱动力进行分析,研究土地利用规划的行为决策、行为组织和行为控制,从理论角度对基于行为主体决策机制的土地利用规划方法进行分析。     

低山丘陵区基本农田保护研究

基于对广安市上一轮土地利用总体规划(1997~2010)进行了评价和分析,笔者认为广安市上一轮土地利用总体规划存在以下不足：基本农田保护指标过大(256836.36 hm2);重视指标控制,轻空间控制;保护的位置缺乏科学规划等。通过基本农田的保护现状的研究,确定了广安市新一轮土地利用总体规划中基本农田的保护数量(223897.53 hm2)和保护重点。在新形势下,广安市土地利用总体规划将在指标的基础上,更需从上空间上、质量上和类型上开展基本农田的保护,以确保广安地区粮食安全。     

低丘陵区基本农田保护研究

基于对广安市上一轮土地利用总体规划(1997-2010)进行了评价和分析,笔者认为广安市上一轮土地利用总体规划存在以下不足基本农田保护指标过大(256836.36 hm2);重视指标控制,轻空间控制;保护的位置缺乏科学规划等.通过基本农田的保护现状的研究,确定了广安市新一轮土地利用总体规划中基本农田的保护数量(hm2)和保护重点.在新形势下,广安市土地利用总体规划将在指标的基础上,更需从上空间上、质量上和类型上开展基本农田的保护,以确保广安地区粮食安全.     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.