圆锯片适张状态检测方法的研究(英文)

文章论述了一种圆锯片适张状态的检测方法及实现的系统 .该方法采用锯片适张前后固有频率的变化幅度 ,锯片单点加载情况下一定半径圆周上的横向变形量和端面圆跳动三个特征参量 ,表述一个锯片的适张程度、适张均匀性和平整性 .应用计算机控制的检测系统 ,经过对大量不同规格木工锯片和大型金刚石锯片的检测 ,结果表明该方法是切实可行的     

Research on the effect of yield strength of circular saw blade on roll tensioning process

In this paper, a 2-D and 3-D finite element model of roll tensioning process of circular saw blade were established by Static/General module of ABAQUS software based on finite element method. The rolling force and tensioning stress distribution of circular saw blade were calculated by these two models which were proved to be true and reliable. The effects of yield strength of circular saw blade on tensioning stress distribution and rolling force were studied. The research achievements showed that a circular saw blade made with high yield strength obtained a higher tangential compressive stress and radial compressive stress in the rolled region during roll tensioning process, which has both advantages and disadvantages for the stability of the saw blade. Besides, a circular saw blade made with high yield strength also put forward higher requirements for roll tensioning equipment because of the large rolling force during roll tensioning process.     

The effect of rotation speed on the power consumption and cutting accuracy of guided circular saw: Experimental measurement and analysis of saw critical and flutter speeds

ABSTRACT

This paper investigates the effect of rotation speed and vibration response of a circular saw on the sawing process of Douglas-fir wood. An idling test was conducted on a guided circular saw to determine its stable operation speeds and vibration behavior. Short-time Fourier transform analysis was performed on saw idling test data, and variation of excited frequencies of the blade as a function of rotation speed was obtained. The saw blade critical speeds and the rotation speeds that correspond to saw flutter instability were identified. Then experimental cutting tests were conducted at different cutting conditions and the effect of rotation speed and saw vibration response on cutting power consumption and sawing accuracy was investigated. The results showed that conducting a saw idling test and vibration response analysis can identify the saw critical and flutter speeds, which is essential for identifying the optimum rotation speed of circular saw. There was a significant increase in power consumption when cutting at super-critical and super-flutter speed. The effect of rotation speed on sawing accuracy is complex and nonlinear. This effect interacts with feed speed, which makes it difficult to generalize sawing accuracy versus rotation speed in the circular sawing process.     

圆锯片最佳辊压适张度处理位置的分析

利用非线性理论和矩阵摄动理论，研究了离心力场，切削温度场及辊压适张度位置对圆锯片动态特性和临界转速的影响，对离心力场，切削温度场共同作用下锯片最佳辊压适张处理位置进行了计算分析，还分析了锯夹半径对最佳辊压位置的影响。     

制约圆锯片极限转速的几个因素( 英文)

文章在分析讨论了影响圆锯片极限转速的一些重要因素后认为 ,包括锯片材料、结构、尺寸、内应力影响的最低共振临界转速是制约锯片极限转速的重要因素 .考虑到诸多影响因素后 ,文章建议圆锯片的最高极限转速以不超过该锯片未适张时的最低临界转速的 50 %～ 6 0 %较为适宜     

The critical rotational speed of circular saw: simple measurement method and its practical implementations

Operation safety during sawing operations as well as dimensional accuracy and surface roughness depend on circular saw dynamic features among other factors such as circular saw blade accuracy and static/dynamic properties of the machine tool. Manufacturers of saw blades have an obligation to mark tools with a value stating the maximum allowed rotational speed for each saw. However, in some cases the value indicated on the saw corresponds to the critical rotational speed or is dangerously close to this critical value. Saw operation at the critical rotational speed is inadvisable and may result in serious injury or depreciation of product quality. This report outlines a simple methodology for evaluation of circular saw critical rotational speed. The assessment was conducted with a camera vision technique on the basis of an impulse test. Results are compared with theoretically calculated critical rotational speeds and the marks on saw blades.     

开槽圆锯片热变形的试验研究

本文研究了圆锯片径向槽的数量、长度、宽度对圆锯片热变形的影响。试验结果发现，三者对圆锯片的热变形均有较大的影响：当开5个径向槽时圆锯片的热变形最小；相同条件下，径向槽相对较长的锯片不易发生热变形；径向槽宽度的增加可引起锯片热变形的加剧。     

Aerodynamic sound and self-excited vibration of circular saw with step thickness I: Comparison of dynamic characteristics between the common circular saw and the circular saw with step thickness

The natural frequencies, aerodynamic noise, whistling noise, and self-excited vibration between the common circular saw with uniform thickness and the circular saw with step thickness (thin on its outer part and thick on its inner part) were researched during idling. The natural frequencies of the circular saw with step thickness increased with an increase in the thickness and in the radius of the thick part. The frequencies of the circular saws with step thickness (thick at the inner part) were higher than that of the thin circular saw with a uniform thickness of 0.5mm. The aerodynamic sound pressure level induced from circular saw teeth increased with an increase in the tooth thickness. The whistling noise and self-excited vibration easily occurred in the thick circular saws (1.5, 2.0, and 2.5mm). The whistling sound pressure level and the vibration amplitude increased with an increase in the thickness of the saw. None of the designed circular saws with step thickness generated whistling noises or self-excited vibration during idling.Part of this report was presented at the 45th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society at Tokyo, April 1995 and the 12th International Wood Machining Seminar at Kyoto, October 1995     

切削参数对木材切削力的影响

为了提供圆锯片合理设计与使用的依据,对水曲柳、杉木和樟子松3种木材进行闭式切削试验,研究锯齿前角、切削厚度、切削速度等参数对切削力的影响规律。结果表明:主切削力和法向切削力均随锯齿前角的增大而减小,随切削厚度的增加而增大,而受切削速度的影响较小。根据试验结果,提出不同密度木材切削参数设置的建议。     

Theoretical and experimental analysis of circular saw tensioning

Summary Tensioning is the saw prestressing procedure most commonly used in the forest products industry to increase the stability of thin circular saws. This procedure stiffens the saw blade by introducing favorable in-plane residual stresses either by local plastic deformation or by local heating. In industry today, rolling is the standard procedure for introducing such stresses.The first part of this paper is concerned with a method of tension evaluation. The method examined consists of measuring saw blade modal stiffness, and it correlates the elastic stiffness of the saw, which approximates the vibration modes, and the natural frequencies associated with these modes. The predictions of the saw frequency shift due to stiffness variations were found to agree closely with experimentally determined frequencies. The method thus offers a practical procedure for tension evaluation and could replace the currently used technique of measuring the light gap under a straightedge placed along the saw diameter.The second part of this paper theoretically analyzes the relationship between the rolling load and the resulting tensioning stresses. The procedure followed in the theoretical model determines the identation load by equating the external power of loading with the power of storing in the elastic zones and of internal dissipation in the plastic zone.The residual stresses obtained by superpositioning the stresses due to unloading were generally in good agreement with the experimentally determined tensioning stresses outside the rolled region. The theory developed can be very useful in predicting tensioning stresses for a given rolling load and roller geometry.List of Symbols a, b Inside and outside saw disc radii - A, B Arbitrary constants - c Saw disc tensioning radius - c_i, c₀ Inside and outside rolling/indentation radii - c_n Neutral radius - d Track width - E Modulus of elasticity or strain energy - E_ext External power of the loading - E_p Power dissipation due to plastic deformation - E_d Power dissipation due to velocity discontinuity - E_e Power stored in elastic zones - f_n Resonant frequency of a saw disc n — nodal diameters - f _n ^TM Measured resonant frequency - f _n ^TC Resonant frequency calculated from the variation in the saw disc stiffness - F Rolling load - H Half saw disc thickness - K_n Modal stiffness, n=number of nodal diameters - K _n ^* Conventional or bending stiffness - K _n ^** Geometric or tensioning stress stiffness - K _n ^T Modal stiffness of a tensioned saw disc - M_n Modal mass, n=number of nodal diameters - M, N Integration constants - P_ave Average indentation pressure - p, p, p' Radial pressures at elastic-plastic boundaries; loading, unloading and residual - p_i, p_O Radial pressures inside and outside the elastic-plastic boundaries The Authors would like to express their gratiude to C. H. Zierdt and J. Rhemrev for assistance in the experimental investigations. The authors are also grateful to Hanchett Co. and California Saw Knife and Grinding, Inc. for supplying stretcher rolls and experimental saw discs, respectively. They are also grateful for the financial support of the project from the U.C. Forest Products Laboratory, California Cedar Products Co., California Saw Knife and Grinding, Inc., Hudson Lumber Co., MacMillan Bloedel Research Ltd., Potlatch Corp., Simpson Timber Co., Sun Studs, Inc. and Weyerhaeuser Co. Finally, the authors thank the National Science Foundation for its generous support of the research     

立木芯胶合门板的研制

以杉木间伐材为原料锯切成小木芯块作为胶合门的芯层材料，研究了立木芯胶合门生产工艺参数对产品性能的影响，确定了优化的生产工艺条件。     

Development of a monitoring system for guided circular saws: an experimental investigation

ABSTRACT

Lack of a monitoring system for guided circular saws marks one of the most critical machines in sawmills as a production bottleneck. Monitoring systems are being researched and developed for machine tools, especially for the metal cutting industry; but there are limited studies on the development of monitoring systems for circular saws in wood manufacturing process. In this study, sensors with the possibility to indicate sawing deviation were chosen that could be mounted in or on the saw guides. The sensors were: a microphone, an accelerometer, temperature sensor, an acoustic emission (AE) sensor, and a newly developed displacement sensor. A load cell was used to measure the lateral force on the guides. The outputs from these sensors were compared to the standard deviation of the board surface measured at the top of the cut. The signals from the displacement sensor, microphone, accelerometer, guide force sensor, and AE senor had no correlation to changes in the sawing deviation as measured by the standard deviation at the top of the board. Under laboratory conditions, the sound level and the AE signal did indicate the beginning and end of the cut. It was found that blade temperature is a good indicator of saw cutting performance. A newly developed temperature sensor can provide accurate temperature of the saw during cutting. The sensor can be used for measuring the rate of heating to cooling over time which can be used as a monitoring system to detect if there is any issue in the system.     

The light-gap technique as a tool for measuring residual stresses in bandsaw blades

The relationship between residual stress distribution induced in bandsaw blades by cold rolling during tensioning and the transverse deflected shape obtained when the tensioned blade is bent over a given radius is studied. It is shown that the light-gap technique is not a reliable estimator of residual stresses since, while two transverse deflected shapes may be close to each other, the corresponding stress distributions may be far apart. The technique may be improved, within limits, by decreasing the tolerance with which a desired transverse deflected shape is approached during the tensioning process. A method for computing this tolerance is given.     

基于ANSYS圆锯片动态性能研究

基于ANSYS软件,对圆锯片进行热力学、静力学和模态分析,揭示各种因素对锯切加工过程中高速旋转状态下圆锯片的影响及其变化规律,从而为研究和改善圆锯片的动态特性提供可靠的理论依据。     

木工圆锯片锯齿侧刃参数对锯切表面粗糙度的影响

【目的】分析锯齿侧刃参数对锯切表面粗糙度的影响,通过优化锯齿侧刃参数,解决圆锯锯切时进给速度提高与表面粗糙度增大之间的矛盾,为新型木工圆锯片设计提供参考和指导。【方法】提出微量零径向侧后角锯齿的概念,使用9种不同锯齿侧刃参数的圆锯片,以水曲柳和高密度纤维板为对象进行锯切试验,研究不同进给速度下径向侧后角和零径向侧后角段对锯切表面粗糙度的影响。【结果】随着进给速度增加,锯切表面粗糙度增大,径向侧后角减小,锯切表面粗糙度降低,无零径向侧后角段锯齿锯切形成的表面粗糙度均高于具有零径向侧后角段锯齿,特别是当零径向侧后角段由0 mm增加到0.5 mm时,锯切表面粗糙度下降最为明显。当零径向侧后角段大于0.5 mm时,侧刃的零径向侧后角段具有"以锯代刨"的作用,与零径向侧后角锯齿相比同样可起到改善锯切表面质量的作用。【结论】锯切表面粗糙度一定程度上取决于锯痕深度。在实际锯切过程中,仅有长度近似等于每齿进给量的锯齿侧刃部分参与切削,占侧刃总长度的很小一部分,微量零径向侧后角锯齿中零径向侧后角段长度比每齿进给量略大且越接近每齿进给量越理想。具有微量零径向侧后角段锯齿的圆锯片与零径向侧后角锯齿相比,同样可起到改善锯切表面质量的作用;在保持其他切削参数不变的情况下,微量零径向侧后角段锯齿还可以减小锯齿侧刃与锯路壁之间的摩擦。     

A mathematical model of mould growth on wooden material

Summary A mathematical model for the simulation of mould fungi growth on wooden material is presented, based on previous regression models for mould growth on sapwood of pine and spruce. Quantification of mould growth in the model is based on the mould index used in the experiments for visual inspection. The model consists of differential equations describing the growth rate of the mould index in different fluctuating conditions including the effect of exposure time, temperature, relative humidity and dry periods. Temperature and humidity conditions favourable for mould growth are presented as a mathematical model. The mould index has an upper limit which depends on temperature and relative humidity. This limiting value can also be interpreted as the critical relative humidity needed for mould growth depending also on the mould growth itself. The model enables to calculate the development of mould growth on the surface of small wooden samples exposed to arbitrary fluctuating temperature and humidity conditions including dry periods. The numerical values of the parameters included in the model are fitted for pine and spruce sapwood, but the functional form of the model can be reasoned to be valid also for other wood-based materials. Received 18 May 1997     

Corrosive properties of some Eucalypts

Summary Preliminary investigations of the interaction occurring between different timber species and various types of steel used for sawblade manufacture, have indicated clearly the practical importance of the process of stress corrosion cracking (Krilov 1986). Based on eight timber species and four types of steel, these have confirmed the previous findings, indicating that the losses of material can be very extensive. The results of the combined effects of corrosion and wear produced steel losses ranging from 3.3 to 8.4 g/m²/h in weight and 0.0008 to 0.002 mm/h in thickness of the sawblade. The interaction between timber species and the types of steel was highly significant. The corrosion losses caused by the stringybark species, Eucalyptus obliqua, E. muellerana and E. macrorhynca were >37% greater than those produced by species not belonging to this botanical classification. Both timber and steels were ranked by Duncan's multiple-range test according to their corrosive properties, which differed at 5% probability level. These findings have practical applications in the woodworking industry and related fields.     

国外木材切削刀具设计理论研究新进展

在综述国外木材切削刀具设计理论新进展的基础上,总结了国外木工刀具行业的先进技术和成果,特别是木工刀具检测技术的新进展.文章着重介绍了圆锯片研究、带锯条研究、刀具磨损和腐蚀、木材铣刀方面的新技术及木材高速切削的一些研究成果,综述了刀具设计和刀具磨损方面新的研究理论.     

MR5412型圆锯片气焊加热适张度机工艺与设备的研究

加热适张度是利用氧一乙炔焰,将锯身的一定部位加热,使该部在冷却收缩中产生同辊压张力一样的变形,从而获得适张度。圆锯片气焊加热适张度机配有带锯夹锯装置,可用于圆、带锯的加热适张度及辊压处理,实现了一机多用。经该机修整的锯片,具有作业时间短、适张度均匀且不易消失,锯末端加热部分不易变形,厚度均匀,锯切质量高等优点。     

The Fingerprint Method: Using Over-bark and Under-bark Log Measurement Data Generated by Three-dimensional Log Scanners in Combination with Radiofrequency Identification Tags to Achieve Traceability in the Log Yard at the Sawmill

In the forestry–wood chain the concept and the technologies of traceability are in a mature development phase. Important advances in marking and reading techniques have been made in different parts along the forestry–wood chain. For Swedish sawmills the most critical information gap is located between the log sorting station and the saw intake, where the forest log batch identity disappears and the logs are mixed according to different sorting criteria. This study utilizes radiofrequency identification tags for automatic log marking/reading to develop a traceability system for logs, which is free of marking/reading, between the log sorting station and the saw intake, i.e. the fingerprint method. The originality of the fingerprint approach rests on the hypothesis that logs are separate entities with individual features. The results show that the log parameters and the search algorithm developed, combined with the negative influence of the measurement uncertainty due to bark thickness and bark damage, made it possible to achieve an individual separation for 57% of the tested logs.