阳光玫瑰葡萄病毒病解决方案研究

针对阳光玫瑰葡萄病毒病常发对树体和造成果实危害严重的问题,在葡萄展叶期进行根部追肥、根部追肥+叶面喷肥处理,探究不同追肥处理及处理组合对改善病毒病病症和提升葡萄产量和品质的效果。结果表明,每666.7 m²根部追施高氮水溶肥10 kg+腐殖酸有机水溶肥5 kg+叶喷5%氨基寡糖素水剂500倍+0.01%28高芸苔素内酯1 500倍+海藻有机水溶叶面肥1 000倍液,共3次,间隔7 d 1次的方案对新叶病毒病的控制效果最佳。与对照根施常规有机水溶肥每666.7 m² 5 kg+平衡型水溶肥5 kg相比,新生叶片发育一直处较低水平,新生叶面积增长速度处于较高水平,显著提升葡萄的品质和产量。     

葡萄叶面喷布核酸生物肥试验

<正> 核酸生物肥主要成分有核酸、氨基酸、有机酸及胡萝卜素等,它具有增加坐果、提高果实着色和改善果实品质等作用,在日本果树生产上已广泛使用。为了探索该肥在我地区葡萄上的作用,苏州市科委从日本引进核酸生物肥系列产品日本3号、4号、6号肥,于1992年在吴江市林果良种场葡萄园进行试验。试材为6年生巨峰葡萄,篱架栽培。供试核酸生物肥有日本3号、4号、6号肥(日本国三井东压肥料株式会社产品)。试验设4个处理:处理1于花前20d(天)起,共喷布4次1000倍日本4号肥,每隔7d喷1次;处理2于花前20 d(4月30日)起,喷布8次1500倍日本6号肥,每隔7d喷1次;处理3于幼果开始生长(5月28日)起,喷布4次1000倍日本3号肥,每隔7d喷1次;对照(不喷肥)。各处理均为3株小区,2次重复,4个     

优化配方施肥对葡萄产量及品质的影响

研究了不同施肥配方对葡萄产量及品质的影响。结果表明,在施用氮磷钾肥的基础上,增施钙、硅、硼、锌肥可提高葡萄的产量和果实品质,其中,以施肥配方1,即施用纯N 15%、P2O57.5%、K2O 18%、CaO 10%、SiO28%、B 2%、Zn 1%配方肥的葡萄百叶重、单穗重和产量最高,均显著高于单施氮磷钾肥(对照);果实品质也最好,可溶性固形物含量、糖酸比、维生素C含量均显著高于单施氮磷钾肥(对照)。     

配方施肥对红地球葡萄果实产量和品质以及矿质元素含量的影响北大核心

以贝达嫁接的红地球葡萄作为试验材料,设置同步全营养配方施肥和当地常规施肥2个处理,连续3年研究了同步全营养配方施肥对红地球葡萄产量、果实品质和矿质元素含量的影响,以期为新疆地区红地球葡萄的合理施肥提供参考。结果表明:果实产量方面,同步全营养配方施肥处理与当地常规施肥处理无显著差异;果实品质方面,与当地常规施肥处理相比,同步全营养配方施肥处理显著提高了果实的可溶性固形物含量、维生素C含量和果实硬度;成熟期果实矿质营养元素方面,与当地常规施肥处理相比,同步全营养配方施肥处理果实的常量元素氮、钙、镁含量及微量元素铁含量无显著差异,显著提高了常量元素磷、钾含量及微量元素锰、硼、锌、铜、钼含量,增加了果实的营养品质。综合表明,同步全营养配方施肥可显著提升红地球葡萄的果实品质、矿质元素含量,提升肥料利用效率,达到了按需施肥和化肥减施增效的效果。     

不同施肥处理对土壤肥力及酿酒葡萄品质的影响

贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄产区土壤贫瘠,为了确保该地区酿酒葡萄的可持续生产,以贺兰山东麓7年生酿酒葡萄品种"梅鹿辄"为试材,研究了不同施肥处理(化肥、生物有机肥、有机无机肥,以不施肥为对照)对土壤肥力及酿酒葡萄品质的影响。结果表明:有机无机肥处理能显著提高土壤有机质含量,在降低土壤pH的同时促进速效氮、磷、钾的养分积累。生物有机肥处理在显著提高酿酒葡萄可溶性固形物含量的同时还能显著降低可滴定酸含量,有机无机肥处理在确保获得高产的同时还能改善糖酸比,提高总酚和花色苷含量。在贫瘠的碱性石灰性土壤上,有机无机肥配施是培肥地力和提高酿酒葡萄产量及品质的有效措施。     

苏南地区秋季微型南瓜新品种比较试验

为筛选出适合在苏南地区秋季种植的赏食兼用微型南瓜品种,作者引进12个南瓜新品种开展了南瓜秋季栽培品种比较试验。试验结果表明,参试的桔瓜类南瓜品种中,仙贝的品质最好、产量最高,桔瓜和迷你南瓜其次,白雪公主虽然产量稍低,但品质较好;参试的贝贝类南瓜品种中,小青王子的产量高、品质较好、商品性好,小红灯笼果皮鲜红、果形美观、产量高、品质好、商品性好,丹丹产量中等、品质好,灰姑娘产量最高、果形美观、品质最佳、商品性好,银星果实偏小、产量低,花仙子产量中等、品质较好,冰雪女王果皮白色、品质佳、商品性好。各参试微型南瓜新品种均可在苏南地区进行秋季栽培,其中仙贝、小红灯笼和灰姑娘的综合表现较好,农户可根据生产需要和市场需求搭配种植。     

微生物肥在鲜食枣上的应用效果初评

以12年生鲁北冬枣和40年生金丝小枣为试材,分别在常规施肥基础上进行增施微生物肥的效果试验,均设增施喷叶型微生物肥处理,于花前、花后、坐果期、幼果期和果实膨大期5次喷叶400～500倍液;灌根型微生物肥处理,于发芽前灌根1次,每666.7 m²施3 L,稀释300倍液。结果表明,2个处理对鲁北冬枣比常规施肥的产量显著增加,喷叶型肥处理在提高百叶重、单果重方面的效果显著优于灌根型肥处理,而在果实硬度方面却显著低于灌根型肥处理;2个处理对金丝小枣比常规施肥的单果重、产量明显提升,成熟期延后7～10 d,喷叶型肥处理在提升果枝比、单果重、可溶性固形物含量、单株产量方面的效果显著优于灌根型肥处理,但可溶性固形物含量有所降低。增施微生物肥后2个品种枣都比各自的常规施肥显著增加经济收入,投入产出比差异不大。     

不同水溶肥对土壤养分及“红地球”葡萄产量和品质的影响

为了提高"红地球"葡萄的产量和品质,降低人工施肥成本,试验设置2个处理,T1处理:腐植酸水溶肥+氨基酸水溶肥+生物有机水溶肥、T2处理:生物有机水溶肥,以常规施磷酸二铵尿素为对照,通过大田试验,研究了不同水溶肥对土壤养分及"红地球"葡萄产量和品质的影响。结果表明:T1处理的水溶肥施用效果最好,土壤养分和"红地球"葡萄叶片养分提高显著,同时有效促进新梢生长,可溶性固形物含量提高6.9%,可溶性总糖含量提高10.92%,可溶性蛋白质含量提高4.65%,可滴定酸含量降低13.65%,糖酸比提高29.21%,产量比对照提高12.65%,施肥效果最优,而且果实品质提高显著,为当地"红地球"葡萄大面积推广提供施肥方案参考。     

施用硅肥对葡萄产量及品质的影响

选用6年生露天立架栽培的‘巨峰’葡萄为试验材料,研究在葡萄不同生育期冲施不同量的硅肥对葡萄产量和果实品质的影响。结果表明:施用硅肥后,葡萄果实的平均单粒重、硬度和可溶性固形物均有提高,每667 m2用1 L硅肥比用0.5 L硅肥的处理效果稍好,但无显著差异。在葡萄硬核期或着色前冲施硅肥,对产量和品质的影响基本一致,无显著差异。     

葡萄不可喷用复合防落素

1988、1989、1990连续3年于葡萄盛花期,对3年生巨峰葡萄喷布50、25和12.5 ppm复合防落素,以喷清水为对照。结果不同浓度处理,均造成新生枝叶畸形,着穗率下降,产量锐减、品质降低。浓度越大,危害越严重。因此认为葡萄生产不可使用复合防落素。葡萄不可喷用复合防落素@陈炳国$湖北省大冶县林业局     

施肥处理对戈壁地滴灌“克瑞森”无核葡萄叶营养元素及产量的分析

通过“3414”施肥处理,利用凯氏定氮法、钒钼黄比色法、原子吸收分光光度法对“克瑞森”无核葡萄叶营养元素进行测定分析,并对叶片全氮、全磷、全钾含量与葡萄产量进行相关分析.结果表明:当叶片全氮含量为21.95～22.60 mg/g,全磷为3.25～4.60 mg/g,全钾为9.18～10.24mg/g时,葡萄产量随叶片中各元素含量的提高而增加.     

新疆不同葡萄品种果实成熟期酸成分分析

为研究新疆不同葡萄品种酸成分的含量及差异性,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定了新疆20个无核及40个有核葡萄品种的酒石酸、苹果酸和柠檬酸,对各品种的有机酸与总酸含量进行了比较,最后将60个葡萄品种的酸成分进行聚类分析。结果表明,酒石酸和苹果酸是决定总酸含量的最重要因素。无核葡萄品种的酒石酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸以及总酸含量均高于有核品种。60个葡萄品种分为3大类:分别为高酒石酸、高苹果酸类型;高酒石酸、低苹果酸类型;低酒石酸、低苹果酸类型。研究结果为葡萄加工品种的选择提供了科学依据,对葡萄品种的选育与推广具有积极的指导意义。     

无核葡萄种质果粒遗传多样性及数量性状评价标准探讨

 对国家果树种质资源郑州葡萄圃内的94 份无核葡萄和40 份巨峰系葡萄的果粒颜色、形状、质量和大小进行了连续3 年的调查和统计分析。结果表明, 无核葡萄种质果粒质量和果粒大小遗传变异系数比巨峰系大得多, 无核葡萄种质的平均果粒质量主要在110～510 g 的范围内, 将近50 %无核葡萄种质的果粒为115～215 g , 为中等。因此目前国际及国内的现有描述评价标准都不适合评价无核葡萄种质的果粒质量及大小。根据本项研究结果提出了适合无核葡萄种质新的附加分级评价标准。     

葡萄无核性状遗传与胚挽救技术的研究及应用

葡萄无核性状遗传以及无核葡萄胚挽救技术是葡萄无核育种领域的研究热点之一,无核葡萄胚挽救技术已经成为葡萄无核育种主要手段,在无核葡萄育种中发挥了重要作用。胚挽救技术的发展和应用,突破了传统的无核葡萄育种方法,极大地拓宽了葡萄无核品种育种的范围和效率。综述了近年来关于无核葡萄的类型、无核性状的遗传以及现在生产上应用的无核葡萄无核性的来源,胚挽救技术在培育葡萄无核品种、克服远缘杂交不亲和性、缩短育种周期等方面的研究和应用。同时,对影响胚挽救成功的因素如品种、培养基类型及成分、接种时期及珠被处理等进行了探讨。最后对葡萄胚挽救技术目前存在的问题和今后该领域的研究方向进行了展望。     

葡萄无核基因SCAR标记的序列构成与酶切分析

利用葡萄无核基因的特异探针１８ｂｐ,通过ＰＣＲ扩增获得了与葡萄无核基因相连锁的ＳＣＡＲ标记约５９０ｂｐ,采用自动荧光ＤＮＡ测序仪对该片段的核苷酸组成进行双向测序,来自无核白的无核基因特异标记由５６９对核苷酸组成。该标记可以作为合成探针和设计特异引物进行ＰＣＲ扩增的基础,用于检测葡萄育种材料和无核品种的无核性。     

Comparison of yield,fruit quality,antioxidant activity,and some phenolic compounds of white seedless grape obtained from organic,conventional, and integrated fertilization

The aim of this research was to determine the effect of three different fertilizing systems, including organic, conventional, and integrated ones, on the yield, fruit quality, antioxidant activity, and some phenolic compounds of white seedless grape. The study was carried out on several 6-year-old white seedless grapevine located in the Urmia Province (North-West Iran). The results showed that the fruit physical characteristics and yield were affected significantly by different fertilization systems. The highest yield was observed in the conventional fertilization, followed by organic and integrated systems. The leaf mineral contents were obviously dependent on the different fertilization used, whereas pH and titratable acidity were not affected. Based on our results, the highest values of antioxidant activity and total flavonoid were found in the organic and integrated fertilization systems, respectively. Also, the highest contents of total phenolic, catechin, and quercetin-3-galactoside were observed in the organic fertilization system. Overall, the highest nutritional quality and biochemical characteristics of white seedless grape were obtained in organic fertilization system, which improved antioxidant capacity by enhancing total phenolics, total flavonoids and valuable phenolic compounds.     

抗病抗寒无核葡萄胚挽救研究

【目的】为了培育抗病抗寒无核葡萄新品种,【方法】以2个种子败育型无核品种‘波尔莱特’、‘红无籽露’作母本,以抗病抗寒的中国野生山葡萄株系‘黑龙江实生’、‘双优’及欧山杂种‘北醇’、‘00-1-10’(‘玫瑰香’ב黑龙江实生’)分别作父本杂交,授粉51 d后将胚珠分别接种于ER和MM4培养基上进行胚挽救,培养60 d后在WPM+BA 0.2 mg.L-1培养基上诱导成苗。【结果】结果表明,2个母本品种胚挽救的适宜培养基不同,‘波尔莱特’作母本适合于ER培养基,‘红无籽露’作母本适合于MM4培养基。2个母本基因型对胚珠的发育率和成苗率的影响差异不大,‘波尔莱特’略优于‘红无籽露’;但4个父本基因型对胚挽救效果影响较大,以欧山杂种‘00-1-10’和‘北醇’作父本的杂交组合胚株的发育率和成苗率明显高于山葡萄‘黑龙江实生’、‘双优’作父本的杂交组合。共获得无核葡萄胚挽救新种质50个株系。【结论】在胚挽救过程中,不同基因型的无核葡萄适宜于不同的基本培养基,欧山杂种比山葡萄更适宜于作杂交的父本。     

Potassium Mineral Nutrition Combined with Sustained Deficit Irrigation to Improve Yield and Quality of a Late Season Peach Cultivar (Prunus persica L. cv ‘Chatos’)

ABSTRACT

Fruit quality traits are directly related to agronomic practices such as irrigation and fertilization, especially potassium supply since its effects on quality and water drought resistance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different combinations of potassium rate and application mode (in soil: 200S and 100S, foliar spray: 100F) with two irrigation regimes (FI: irrigation with 100%ETc and DI: irrigation with 66%ETc) on peach yield and quality parameters. The experiment was performed during two consecutive years. At harvest, only in the second year significant differences between treatments were observed in yield. In fact, potassium foliar spray, even in DI regime, improved yield. The fruit diameter was slightly affected by treatments in the first year. However, in the following season foliar potassium spray even in DI water regime increased fruit size. Concerning the firmness, no significant differences were observed in the first year except for the second year it decreased with DI strategy independently of potassium treatment. The soluble solids content was strongly affected by the treatments. The highest values were observed in 100F+DI treatment with no significant effect on acidity. Vegetative growth was affected only by water regime which DI reduced shoot length.     

不同药剂处理对早紫葡萄无核和果实主要品质的影响

以塑料大棚5 a生早紫葡萄为材料,分别在盛花期、盛花后5 d的2个时期,用6-BA与SM不同浓度溶液及二者混合溶液进行浸穗处理,并于盛花后10 d全部喷施10 mg/L CPPU溶液,研究不同时期、不同浓度的药剂处理对早紫葡萄坐果率、无核率、果实大小及内外品质等方面的影响。结果表明:各药剂处理后都能达到无核化的效果,其中以50 mg/L 6-BA溶液于盛花期进行无核处理的效果最好,不仅坐果率和无核率高达46.75%和93.78%,且果实的内、外品质也相对较好,平均单穗重为78.62 g,VC含量为3.23 mg/100g,可滴定酸含量为0.77 g/L,固酸比为18.1,建议在生产实践中推广应用。     

Electrochemical Properties and Biochemical Composition of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cv. </Emphasis>Shiraz Wine Grape (<Emphasis Type="Italic">V. vinifera</Emphasis> L.) Depending on Various Dose and Application Time of Foliar Microbial Fertilizer Treatments

Utilization from bio fertilization is well known a considerable tool to improve the yield and fruit quality of various crop fruits through the increasing emphasis on maintain of soil health, minimize environmental pollution and decrease the use of chemical fertilization. In this study, in order to improve wine grape quality features of cv. Shiraz, four different doses of foliar microbial fertilizer, including 0, 1000, 2000 and 3000?ppm were applied at two different terms as Term I (mostly; pre-bloom applications) and Term II (mostly; post-bloom applications). However, there were no influences of application terms of foliar microbial fertilizer treatments; treatment doses had considerable effects on yield and quality parameters. The lowest p-values, meaning the highest berry quality, from doses of foliar microbial fertilizer were obtained from 2000?ppm (105.08?μW), 1000?ppm (110.40?μW), 3000?ppm (112.97?μW) and 0?ppm (119.58?μW). Comparing the applications of foliar microbial fertilizer, it was observed that doses of 2000?ppm (3155.56?mg/kg), 1000?ppm (3000.92?mg/kg) and 3000?ppm (2530.19?mg/kg) exhibited higher total phenolic compounds content when compared with 0?ppm treatment (2206.97?mg/kg). Berries from grapevines applied with the doses of 2000, 1000 and 3000?ppm foliar microbial fertilizer respectively shown higher total anthocyanin content such as 1230.19, 1160.85 and 865.86?mg/kg compared to 0?ppm (637.37?mg/kg). As a result, research the findings indicated that 2000 and 1000?ppm doses of foliar microbial fertilizer were obviously effective on wine grape quality features of cv. Shiraz in terms of electrochemical property, total phenolic compounds content and total anthocyanin content.