改革稻田耕作制度，提高农业生产效益

针对双峰县稻田生产中存在的问题 ,根据该县特点 ,提出了全县耕作制度改革的基本原则、推广模式和具体对策。     

几种稻田耕作制度模式及效应分析

针对桃源县稻田种植结构不合理、效益低等问题，大力实施粮、经、饲结构战略性调整、优化种植制度，推广以优质稻为主体、多种高效作物合理搭配的资源配置型稻田耕作制度改革模式。重点对几种适宜当地的稻田耕作制度模式及效应进行了分析。     

泰宁县稻田不同类型耕作制度效益的调查与思考

农业走向市场以后，给农业注入了新的尖力，同时也反映出农业宏观调控与微观搞活面临诸多复杂问题。本文就泰宁县现有稻田各种类型耕作制度的自然资源和社会经济效益进行调查分析研究。     

中国南方稻田耕作制度的演变和发展

本文系统地概括了建国４０多年来南方稻田耕作制度的变化。耕作制度演变的主要成就产；稻田利用率提高，种植制度多样化和高铲化，养地方式简单化和多元化，产量上升，品质改善。介绍了几种高功能高效益的稻田耕作制度有立体种植的，也有种养结合的。     

常德稻田耕制改革的成效及经验

耕作制度改革是农业结构调整的重要内容 ,也是解决目前农民卖粮难、种粮效益低的主要途径。介绍了常德市在稻田耕制改革上取得的成就、特点和经验 ,对耕制改革中出现的问题进行了思考。     

湖南澧县秋马铃薯稻田免耕及稻草全程覆盖栽培新技术

马铃薯传统的栽培方式是旱地播种、覆土栽培。近几年,我们通过多点试验示范,使稻田免耕及稻草全程覆盖种植秋马铃薯新技术获得成功。该技术简便易行、省工节本、增产增收,是一项实用的轻型栽培技术,达到了高产、优质、低耗、无污染、加速资源持续利用的总体目标,显示了社会和经济的双重效益,对保护农业生态环境、推进稻田耕作制度改革,发展高效农业具有十分重要的意义。1主要栽培技术1.1选择稻田,分厢整地选择水源较好、排灌方便的中稻田或一季晚稻田,尤以沙性较强的稻田最好。水源较好的地方在水稻散籽时即可晒田,疏通围沟,争取季节。中稻…     

湖南早稻增产缓滞的原因及对策

湖南省自１９８３年至１９９４年间，早籼单位面积产量年递率仅０．０８％，稳产性也不强，４５年中减产年份占３５．５６％，增产年平均减产率８．３２％，增产缓慢的原因，主要是栽培上品种应用不当，熟期过短，适应性差，其次是粗放农作制的扩大，对应之策首先是要在正确划分早晚稻生产时间的基础上选用感光性感温性弱，基本营养生长期中等的品种，并实行集约性强的农作栽培制度。     

三种稻田改制模式发展前景初探

根据道县的生产特点，提出了大豆－晚稻，中稻－再生稻，花生－晚稻三种适合该县近期推广的稻田种植模式，分析了三种模式的经济效益和发展前景。     

湖南粮食生产形势与发展思路

通过分析湖南粮食生产的特点和粮食市场动态，提出了发展粮食生产的思路，即继续调减生产总量，推进稻田改制，适度调减水稻面积，发展市场空间大的粮食作物和品种，加大产业化开发的力度。     

湖南水稻生产的现状与发展前景

湖南水稻生产上实施了高秆品种改矮秆品种、常规稻改杂交稻的种子革命，单季稻改双稻的稻田耕作制度革命；以培养壮秧、合理密植、科学施肥、综合防治为主要内容的栽培管理革命及吨粮田开发等科学技术革命，稻谷总产由1952年的915．1万吨增加到1999年2549．1万吨，增长178．56％。21世纪的生物技术革命和信息革命将对水稻生产产生深远的影响。     

永州市稻田种植制度新特点及优化模式分析

分析了永州市稻田种植制度新特点，讨论了稻田改制的主要模式及经济效益，提出了值得推广的几种主要稻田高效种植模式。     

低洼稻田改制模式初探

分析了南县低洼稻田的现状及存在的问题 ,提出了一系列种植结构调整综合配套措施。     

海南稻田冬种瓜菜的现状与发展对策

根据海南岛独特的气候条件、市场需求和多年新品种示范推广经验,提出结合冬种瓜菜,示范推广水稻早熟新品种,形成新的稻田耕作模式。     

Faba bean in cropping systems

The grain legume (pulse) faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is grown world-wide as a protein source for food and feed. At the same time faba bean offers ecosystem services such as renewable inputs of nitrogen (N) into crops and soil via biological N₂ fixation, and a diversification of cropping systems. Even though the global average grain yield has almost doubled during the past 50 years the total area sown to faba beans has declined by 56% over the same period. The season-to-season fluctuations in grain yield of faba bean and the progressive replacement of traditional farming systems, which utilized legumes to provide N to maintain soil N fertility, with industrialized, largely cereal-based systems that are heavily reliant upon fossil fuels (=N fertilizers, heavy mechanization) are some of the explanations for this decline in importance. Past studies of faba bean in cropping systems have tended to focus on the effect of faba bean as a pre-crop in mainly cereal intensive rotations, whereas similar information on the effect of preceding crops on faba bean is lacking. Faba bean has the highest average reliance on N₂ fixation for growth of the major cool season grain legumes. As a consequence the N benefit for following crops is often high, and several studies have demonstrated substantial savings (up to 100–200 kg N ha⁻¹) in the amount of N fertilizer required to maximize the yield of crops grown after faba bean. There is, however, a requirement to evaluate the potential risks of losses of N from the plant–soil system associated with faba bean cropping via nitrate leaching or emissions of N₂O to the atmosphere as a consequence of the rapid mineralization of N from its N-rich residues. It is important to develop improved preventive measures, such as catch crops, intercropping, or no-till technologies, in order to provide farmers with strategies to minimize any possible undesirable effects on the environment that might result from their inclusion of faba bean in cropping system. This needs to be combined with research that can lead to a reduction in the current extent of yield variability, so that faba bean may prove to be a key component of future arable cropping systems where declining supplies and high prices of fossil energy are likely to constrain the affordability and use of fertilizers. This will help address the increasing demand by consumers and governments for agriculture to reduce its impact on the environment and climate through new, more sustainable approaches to food production. The aims of this paper are to review the role of faba bean in global plant production systems, the requirements for optimal faba bean production and to highlight the beneficial effects of faba bean in cropping systems.     

Wheat cropping systems and technologies in China

Chinese wheat (Triticum aestivum) production has developed rapidly during the last 57 years, largely due to improved crop management technologies and new varieties. The history of wheat planting technologies in China was reviewed, and the physiological mechanisms that allow wheat to attain high yield under these planting systems were analyzed. The use of leaf number and stage of development to indicate the optimum timing for applications of fertilizers and irrigation water, and uniform seeding at reduced seeding rates to control lodging contributed significantly to the substantial progress in wheat productivity. However, flood irrigation and tillage-based practices also resulted in serious problems, including a decline in soil fertility and quality, environmental pollution, and inefficient use of water resources. The major future challenges facing wheat production are to improve water and nutrient use efficiency. Conservation agriculture-based resource conservation technologies such as zero or reduced tillage, flat or raised bed-planting systems, and rational management of crop residues to eliminate burning in the field are among the strategies we strongly recommend for improving agricultural environments and stabilizing/increasing wheat production in China.     

邵东县水稻施肥存在的主要问题及对策

通过对邵东县肥料施用总量和农户施肥情况的调查和施肥对水稻产量及土壤肥力影响的分析,指出当前水稻施肥上存在的主要问题:一是重化肥轻有机肥,二是重氮肥轻磷钾肥,三是重单质肥轻复合肥.对水稻施肥提出的对策是一要增施有机肥,二要推广测土配方施肥技术.     

水稻田除草剂的选择与使用

针对当前农业生产的特点,介绍了农思它、阿罗津等除草剂在水稻移栽田和育秧田上的安全使用,同时指出了使用除草剂时的方法及原则。