我国部分地区牛羊弓形虫血清流行病学调查

为了解我国牛羊弓形虫病流行情况,应用间接血凝试验（IHA）对河南、山东、山西、内蒙古、云南、贵州6省区151份牛血清、50份奶样、490份羊血清进行了弓形虫病血清流行病学调查。结果显示：151份被检牛血清和50份牛奶样品,弓形虫抗体均为阴性。490份羊血清弓形虫抗体总阳性率5.71％,其中母羊、公羊血清阳性率分别为4.03％和9.79％;山羊、绵羊、杂交羊血清阳性率分别为6.58％、4.81％和5.13％;阳性率最高的为公山羊（13.2％）,最低的为母绵羊（2.96％）。28份阳性羊血清中,75％的抗体滴度为1：64,25％的抗体滴度为1：256。1岁后的羊,随年龄增长,血清阳性率升高。     

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Leptospira Seropositivity in Beef Cattle,Sheep and Deer Farmers in New Zealand

Leptospirosis is a global zoonosis that in New Zealand affects primarily people occupationally exposed to livestock. The objective of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of five Leptospira serovars in farmers working on cattle, sheep and deer farms that had the serological status of animals previously assessed and to identify risk factors for farmer seropositivity. A total of 178 farmers from 127 properties participated in the study. Blood samples were tested using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for the presence of antibodies to Leptospira. Samples with a MAT titre ≥48 were considered seropositive. Using Bayesian statistical analysis, the median seroprevalence of Leptospira, all serovars combined, was estimated to be 6.6% (95% probability interval (PI) 3.6–10.9%). Risk factors associated with seropositivity were assisting deer or cattle calving, farming deer, having ≥25% of flat terrain and high abundance of wild deer on farm, while high possum abundance on farm was negatively associated with seropositivity. No association was observed between farmer serostatus and previously recorded livestock serology. Leptospira seropositivity was associated with influenza‐like illness of farmers (RR = 1.7; 95% PI 1.0–2.5). Assuming a causal relationship, this suggested an annual risk of 1.3% (95% PI 0.0–3.0%) of influenza‐like illnesses due to Leptospira infection in the population of farmers. The association between seropositivity and disease can be used to estimate the public health burden of leptospirosis in New Zealand. Identifying and understanding risk factors for Leptospira seropositivity can inform preventive measures, hence contributing to the reduction of leptospirosis incidence in farmers.     

Serological patterns,antibody half-life and shedding in urine of Leptospira spp. in naturally exposed sheep

Abstract

AIMS: To determine within-farm prevalence, longitudinal pattern of exposure measured by serology, antibody titre longevity and point prevalence of shedding in urine of Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo and L. interrogans serovar Pomona in naturally infected sheep on a sample of commercial farms in New Zealand.

METHODS: On eight commercial sheep farms, between September 2011 and January 2014, blood samples were collected from 115–217 ewe lambs on each farm, at intervals of 2–11 months. They were analysed by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for antibodies to L. borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo and L. interrogans serovar Pomona, using a titre cut-point of 48. Urine from 98 animals was tested by quantitative PCR (qPCR). The half-life of antibodies was estimated in 185 sheep for serovar Hardjo and 21 for Pomona, and the seroprevalence and mean titre of animals lost to follow-up was compared with those remaining in the study.

RESULTS: Within-flock seroprevalence for serovar Hardjo reached a maximum at 17–22 months of age, ranging from 79 to 100%. Seroprevalence for serovar Pomona rose above 10% on three farms and increased to 21–54% by 4–14 months. Seroconversions occurred mainly from late autumn to early summer at 7–15 months of age. Seroprevalences ranging from 3 to 76% for serovar Hardjo and 0.5 to 15% for serovar Pomona were observed up to 3 months of age, likely due to maternally derived immunity. The half-life of antibody in response to infection was estimated to be 6.7 (95% CI=5.8–7.9) months for serovar Hardjo and 6.3 (95% CI=4.8–9.0) months for Pomona. The prevalence of sheep with urine positive for leptospires on qPCR on each farm ranged from 11 to 88%. All but one of the qPCR-positive animals were seropositive for serovar Hardjo. On two farms where Pomona exposure was observed, animals that were lost to follow-up had a higher geometric mean titre for serovar Pomona than those remaining in the study.

CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated seasonal exposure from autumn to early summer in young sheep, a wide range of within-flock serological and shedding prevalence, and gives an estimation of the half-life of MAT titres in sheep. More extensive data are needed to fully understand the epidemiology of leptospirosis in sheep flocks across New Zealand and, along with economic analysis, to justify and design cost-effective and efficient control measures to protect human and animal health.     

2013-2017年甘肃省河西5市牛羊布鲁氏菌病监测分析

甘肃省河西地区5市是牛羊布鲁氏菌病高发区,2015年检出阳性率高达1.87%。2015年以来通过采取以监测、扑杀为主的综合防控措施,取得了良好的防控效果,5市19个县(区、市)阳性率由2015年的1.87%下降到2017年的0.33%。阳性率明显下降。散养户检出阳性率高于规模场和其他场点,人畜间布鲁氏菌病感染发病具有相关性。本文综合分析了河西5市牛羊布鲁氏菌病上升原因和风险因素,提出综合防控建议。     

农牧交错区牛羊异地育肥模式调查

本文通过对甘肃省临夏县牛羊异地育肥情况的现状调查,分析了牛羊异地育肥的形式和特点,总结提出了"牧区繁殖、农区育肥、城市销售"的异地育肥模式。该生产模式能充分利用农区丰富的架子牛羊和当地的牧草及农副产品资源,有效解决了牧区越冬期饲草料储备不足的问题,减少了牛羊冬春越冬死亡,提高了牧区的经济效益。     

牛羊舔砖的研究、应用现状

牛羊舔砖是给牛羊补充易缺乏养分的一种简单而有效的方式,日渐受到了人们的重视。文章从舔砖的作用、加工技术、应用效果、发展措施等方面,对牛羊舔砖的研究应用现状作一综述。     

牛羊屠宰检疫技术关键点

牛羊从养殖到屠宰,必须时刻处在防疫检疫的监管下,屠宰检疫是保证牛羊肉品疫病防范中非常重要的一道屏障。国家和地方出台相应的牛羊屠宰检疫规程,为检疫人员检疫操作提出规范要求,同时也为牛羊肉品质量安全提供技术保障。为便于检疫工作人员更好地开展检疫工作,该文提出牛羊屠宰检疫技术关键点。     

牛羊养殖中前胃疾病鉴别诊断方法

牛羊都是反刍动物,它们拥有4个胃,分别是瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃和真胃。前3个胃统称为前胃,在前胃中有大量的可以分解和消化饲料中粗纤维的细菌,是牛羊以粗饲料作为主要食物的原因之一。很多牛羊非常容易出现前胃疾病,饲养人员要掌握牛羊前胃疾病的预防办法和治疗措施。     

临夏州牛羊市场流通情况调研报告

临夏州牛羊贩运及市场流通十分活跃,不仅带动市场建设、运输物流、屠宰加工、餐饮服务等相关产业发展,而且也更有效的带动了畜牧产业的发展,也催生出了牛羊异地育肥的不断兴起.报告调查了临夏州以及兰州周边市场的牛羊市场流通情况,分析了临夏州牛羊肉生产、消费、流通的特点.并根据临夏州牛羊生产现有情况提出了今后其发展思路和策略.     

临泽县牛羊布氏杆菌病的流行病学调查与血清学检测

为预防临泽县牛羊布氏杆菌病的发生,采用问卷调查和血清学检测的方法对临泽县7个乡镇的奶牛和肉羊养殖情况以及布氏杆菌病的流行情况进行调查。结果发现,本县养殖方式主要是圈养或圈养及放养,养殖户对布病危害和相关法规政策认识不足,防护消毒措施不重视。在采集的1280份奶牛血样和23115份羊血样中,牛阳性率达0.23%,羊阳性率达0.52%。根据调查结果,提出布病防控的建议和措施。     

牛羊养殖中细菌性疾病防治

牛羊养殖技术不断增强,养殖中加强对于各类疾病的处理预防和控制也至关重要,需要不断完善相关管理措施,提升各系统类型疾病的预防效果,提升牛羊养殖业的整体收益,细菌性疾病是牛羊养殖中较为常见的一种病症类型,在实际养殖中需要明确了解细菌性传染病的发病原因,且在实际牛羊养殖中,需要通过对牛羊的生理表现及临床症状的关注,了解其病变情况,分析其是否存在细菌感染情况及时开展相应的控制措施。     

多雨年份牛羊主要寄生虫病综合防制措施

由于今年我省降雨量偏多,部分地区已发生洪涝灾害,极易引发牛羊主要寄生虫病的暴发流行。为防止寄生虫病暴发造成重大经济损失,本文详细阐述了阻断牛羊主要寄生虫病传播的关键因素,并针对历年危害严重的东毕吸虫、肝片吸虫、胃肠道线虫和疥癣等几种主要寄生虫病的流行病学特点提出了综合防制措施,以期降低牛、羊主要寄生虫病的发生,提高牛、羊养殖业的经济效益。     

青海省门源县石头沟地区牛羊胃肠线虫病的调查

石头沟地区放牧的牛羊每年一到秋末或冬季便出现消瘦、贫血、浮肿、被毛脆弱,容易脱落。为此笔者进行调查,走访14户农户,采集了58头牛羊粪便。结果表明,牛羊的胃肠线虫种类很多,往往混合感染,对牛羊危害极大。结果检查出牛羊的线虫感染率为39.01%。     

高原牛羊胃肠道线虫驱治模式研究

根据高原地区＂春乏＂期间,牛、羊因胃肠道线虫病引起死亡严重的突出情况,自列项目,在全州范围划为三大区域,以项目区为中心,在牛、羊发病率和死亡率相对高的乡（镇）、村设点,将93330头（只）牛、羊分为三个组,作为高原地区牛、羊胃肠道线虫病防治技术模块,结果3个试验组用药前胃肠道寄生虫感染率均为100%,早晨在放牧前投喂赛爱吉夏结、克虫特和丙硫苯咪唑等药物后,7 d粪检EPG,虫卵转阴率和虫卵减少数均为100%。间隔7 d重复驱虫1次,防治效果显著。有计划的用驱虫药丙硫咪唑,克虫特、伊维菌素。在每年春季2~3月,秋季8~9月份进行两次驱虫。可提高牛、羊有机体的免疫力,降低牛、羊胃肠道线虫病的发病率和死亡率,减轻对养殖业的危害。     

贵州省牛羊产业屠宰加工环节的现状、问题及对策

本文从产业生产、市场需求、屠宰加工等3方面综合阐述了贵州省牛羊产业屠宰加工环节现状,旨在为贵州省牛羊屠宰加工业的发展提供技术支撑。调查研究表明,贵州省牛羊产业屠宰加工环节中存在市场需求大、养殖规模小,家庭作坊多、认证企业少,标准化建设滞后、自动化水平较低,产品多样化不足、同质化严重,品牌辐射局限、盈利空间较小等问题,由此提出在养殖规模化上求突破,保障原料供给;在产业集聚化上求突破,盘活加工资源;在生产标准化上求突破,提升产品质量;在价值最大化上求突破,增加产业附加值;在营销品牌化上求突破,推动牛羊出山等对策建议。     

陕西省反刍动物饲料产品和动物源性饲料中牛羊源成分检测

实时PCR对陕西省7个地市生产、经营和使用的反刍动物饲料产品和动物源性饲料产品(原料)进行了牛羊源成分检测调查.结果表明,235家反刍动物养殖场(户)合格率为98.72%,53家饲料生产企业合格率为96.22%,40家饲料经营企业合格率为100%;合计抽查328家饲料企业(场、户),总合格率为98.47%.400批次反刍动物饲料产品和动物源性饲料产品合格率为98.75%.其中反刍动物饲料产品364批次,合格率为98.63%;动物源性饲料产品36批次,合格率为100%.而其中不合格的5批次产品中2批次样品牛羊源性成分均检出,3批次样品仅检出牛源性成分.     

龙岩市部分地区牛、羊弓形虫病的血清学调查

目的：采集龙岩市部分地区牛、羊血清,检测福建省牛和羊弓形虫病的感染情况。方法：应用酶联免疫吸附试验检测牛和羊血清弓形虫IgG抗体。结果：49份牛血清弓形虫IgG抗体均呈阴性;35份羊血清中,8份弓形虫IgG抗体呈阳性,阳性率为22．86％（8／35）。结论：龙岩市部分地区羊弓形虫的感染率较高,应引起人们重视。     

我国牛羊弓形虫感染情况及影响因素研究进展

弓形虫几乎可以感染所有的温血动物,是一种十分重要的人兽共患原虫病病原。牛羊弓形虫感染不仅影响其自身的发育和繁殖,对畜牧业发展造成一定的经济损失,更重要的是感染弓形虫的牛羊肉和奶可成为人类健康和生命安全的潜在威胁。牛羊弓形虫感染受多种因素(年龄、品种、养殖场管理及犬、猫和鼠的存在等)的影响,不同地区牛羊弓形虫感染的风险因素不尽相同。基于此,论文对弓形虫感染的检测方法、我国不同地区牛羊弓形虫的感染情况及影响弓形虫感染的因素进行综述,旨在为相应地区牛和羊的饲养管理及保障其奶和肉产品的安全供给提供参考。