极早熟辣椒新品种博辣娇红的选育

博辣娇红是以SF-11为母本、H2887为父本配制的一代杂交组合。该品种极早熟,第一花节位7~8节,果实羊角形,青果浅绿色,果长20㎝左右,果宽1.3㎝,平均单果质量12g左右,果表光亮微皱,皮薄,味辣,风味好;早期产量为1100㎏/667m2左右,总产量2500㎏/667m2左右;果实红熟快,海南地区从播种到采收红椒约70d;连续坐果能力强,早熟不早衰;抗炭疽病、疫病、病毒病;适于嗜辣地区作极早熟大棚或露地栽培、秋延栽培,辣椒果实可鲜食、加工、干制。     

辣椒新品种博辣红星的选育

博辣红星是以05S155为母本、SJ05-22为父本配制的一代杂交种。中熟,首花节10～11节。青果深绿色,生物学成熟果深红色,果实羊角形,果表光亮。果长12～14㎝,果宽2.2～2.5㎝,肉厚0.27㎝,单果质量27g左右,味辣,色素含量高。2009—2010区域试验平均产量为1985.38㎏/667m2,生产试验平...     

辣椒新品种辛香8号的选育

辛香8号是以N119为母本、T046为父本配制而成的一代杂交品种。该品种中早熟,果实线形,果长22㎝,横径1.5～1.7㎝,果肉厚0.25㎝,单果质量18～20g,果形整齐顺直;青椒嫩绿色,中辣;老熟后鲜红色,辣味浓,有香味,口感好;鲜食加工兼用。高抗炭疽病,抗疫病、病毒病;特耐湿、耐热。一般每667m2产鲜椒3000～3500kg。适宜全国各地种植。     

夏秋黄瓜新品种——夏园1号

夏园１号系我所1996年针对夏秋季气温高、湿度变化大、暴雨频繁等恶烈气候条件选育出的高产、稳产黄瓜新品种。1998～1999年参加湖南省夏秋黄瓜区域试验和生产试验，折每667㎡产量分别为2596.5㎏和2385.7㎏，果实品质和商品性，耐热性和抗逆性，田间发病率等综合性状名列参试品种第一名。特征特性植株生长势强，叶片深绿色，蔓结瓜为主，分枝少，雌花节率20%左右，节成性好，果实棒状，长31㎝左右，横径3.8㎝，单瓜重80～300g，瓜把长3.6㎝左右，果实绿色，光亮，白刺，刺较密，刺瘤突起不明显，果脐部无黄色条纹，肉质脆嫩，果肩部无苦性佳…     

紫花白马铃薯丰产栽培技术

<正>紫花白马铃薯由内蒙古乌盟农科所育成,1995年引入我市,2000年通过省品种审定委员会认定。在榆林市推广种植面积已达到100万亩以上,并在内蒙、甘肃、宁夏等省区也大面积种植。紫花白株型适中,株高65㎝左右,株型开展,分枝3-4个,薯块膨大快,结薯集中,平均大薯率80%以上,块茎休眠期长达120天,耐贮藏;身份生育期     

新建葡萄园的土肥水管理技术

<正>1新建园土壤改良葡萄是多年生果树,根深叶茂才能达到早果、稳产、优质。因此,在栽培前要挖好栽植沟,施好栽植肥。1.1挖好栽植沟按确定的行向和行距,挖栽植沟。采取南北方向,宽80～100㎝,深60～80㎝的条状栽植沟,注意表土和心土分开堆放,栽植沟要与畦沟两头的排     

园林绿地盐碱土壤的改良

<正>盐碱土中含有过多的可溶性盐类,会影响植物吸收水分和养分,容易引起植物的生理干旱,严重影响花草树木的成活和发育。为了提高树木的成活率,增强树木的长势,提高绿化美化效果,必须对盐碱土进行改良。具体方法如下:1科学设置排水沟园林绿地四周可做排水设施时,排水沟深约1m,并在绿地下铺设管网或2㎝左右炉渣做隔离层。如园林绿地四周不具备做排水时,应采用客土抬高地面下     

早熟花椰菜新品种'雪冠65'

‘雪冠65’花椰菜是以自交不亲和系‘T1644’为母本,以自交系‘M5116’为父本配制的一代杂种。生长势强,植株半直立,株幅50㎝左右。叶色深绿,叶面蜡质层较厚。花球半球形,颜色洁白,口感佳。平均单花球质量1㎏。平均产量30t·hm^-2。定植后约65 d可收获。抗病,耐热,耐旱,耐涝,适合秋季栽培。     

花柰大果高产栽培的关键技术

近年来，随着果树品种结构的优化调整，花柰的栽培面积迅速扩大。但花柰在一般栽培管理条件下，产量较低，致使经济效益较差。因此，总结花柰大果、高产栽培的关键技术，对花柰产业的持续发展具有重要的现实意义。 1. 高标准建园 关键措施有：① 选择向阳、有水源、易排涝、土层深厚、砂质壤土的地点建园；② 大穴定植，挖大穴（长、宽均100㎝、高80㎝）并重施基肥，山地建园开挖高梯地；③ 最适宜栽植时间：1～2月；④ 选用品种纯正、根系发达、侧须根较多且无病虫害的壮苗，苗木粗度1㎝、高度80㎝以上；⑤ 合理密植，株行距3m?m；⑥ 栽植…     

“曼谷二号”青皮苦瓜栽培技术

苦瓜果实中含有较多的维生素、胡萝卜素、蛋白质和各种矿物质,营养丰富,肉质柔软、爽脆,苦中带甘,有增进食欲和帮助消化的作用,并且有特殊的药用价值。为了改善和丰富本地苦瓜市场,笔者2014年从台湾引进"曼谷二号"青皮苦瓜在阳朔县试种,该品种表现早中熟,生长势强,根系发达,分枝力强,主侧蔓均能结瓜;瓜长筒形,皮色油绿有光泽,长30~35㎝,横径6~8㎝,条瘤,肉厚,品质优良;耐热、耐湿、丰产性好。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.