设施番茄熊蜂授粉试验

在试验区实施熊蜂授粉技术,通过与激素授粉相比较,以期探明熊蜂授粉对番茄产量、品质的影响.试验结果表明,与激素授粉相比,熊蜂授粉番茄产量显著提高、番茄籽粒数增加、畸形果率显著降低、VC含量提高、可溶性固形物含量变化不大、糖酸比(可溶性糖与可滴定酸比值)降低.     

熊蜂授粉技术在温室樱桃番茄的应用效果研究

以“美亚妮(087)”樱桃番茄为试材,在温室栽培条件下,研究了熊蜂授粉、激素处理、震动授粉器辅助授粉、自然授粉4种授粉方式对樱桃番茄果实品质和产量的影响.结果表明:熊蜂授粉处理樱桃番茄产量比激素处理、震动授粉器辅助授粉和自然授粉处理产量分别提高24.1％、33.0％和42.3％；熊蜂授粉可使设施番茄的坐果率达92.3％；且熊蜂授粉可使番茄维生素C、可溶性糖含量和糖酸比明显提高,同时降低总酸含量.     

武汉地区设施番茄熊蜂授粉技术

运用设施番茄熊蜂授粉技术,可提高番茄坐果率、增加产量、降低畸形果率、提高产品安全性,该技术适宜武汉地区使用。生产中,选择适宜的授粉熊蜂及设施番茄品种,1箱熊蜂可同时为2个大棚授粉。     

不同授粉方法对设施番茄果实生长发育的影响

为探讨不同的授粉方法对设施番茄坐果率、单果质量和品质的影响,在番茄开花期分别采用自然授粉法、激素处理法、蜜蜂授粉法、机械振荡授粉法和熊蜂授粉法等5种方法进行授粉处理,测定了番茄坐果率、结果数量、单果质量、畸形果率和品质性状,比较不同授粉方式下番茄果实生长发育的差异,以期为设施番茄生产者选择适宜的授粉方法提供参考依据。结果表明:在同一穗位不同授粉方法对各穗坐果率均有显著影响,熊蜂授粉、蜜蜂授粉、机械振荡授粉和激素处理4种方法分别比自然授粉的坐果率提高25.46%、23.18%、19.62%和11.42%。不同辅助授粉方法能够有效增加番茄结果数量,各果穗上的表现为熊蜂授粉法蜜蜂授粉法机械振荡法激素处理法CK。熊蜂授粉番茄4~5穗果后期平均单果质量比其它处理及对照提高5.9%~11.8%,而且4种授粉方法番茄1~5穗果的畸形果率比自然授粉法降低9.14~47.00个百分点。各授粉方法的综合效果为熊蜂授粉法机械振荡授粉法蜜蜂授粉法激素处理法自然授粉法。为使设施番茄栽培达到优质高效的目的,并降低成本投入,推荐使用熊蜂授粉法。     

地熊蜂为重庆地区设施番茄授粉的效果研究

为评价地熊蜂在重庆地区设施番茄的授粉效果,在重庆市荣昌区龙舌嘴村开展授粉效果比较试验,分析地熊蜂授粉对设施番茄产量、果实品质及畸形果率的影响。试验结果显示,经地熊蜂授粉的设施番茄平均产量为2 206.44 kg/667 m2,与未授粉组相比显著提高了104.95%,授粉组的单果质量、果纵径、果最大横径、可溶性固形物含量、VC含量及总糖含量显著高于未授粉组。由此,认为地熊蜂适宜为重庆地区设施番茄授粉,且能够显著提高重庆地区设施番茄的产量与品质。     

不同授粉方式对日光温室番茄产量、品质及效益的影响

人工辅助授粉是日光温室番茄栽培的重要环节,本试验比较、分析了生产中常用的熊蜂授粉、振动器授粉和激素蘸花等3种授粉方式对日光温室番茄产量、品质及效益的影响。结果表明:熊蜂授粉处理的番茄坐果率、单果质量、单株产量、可溶性固形物含量、可溶性总糖含量均显著高于振动授粉和激素蘸花处理,而畸形果率显著低于振动授粉和激素蘸花处理,且减少人工投入,是日光温室番茄最佳的授粉方式。     

不同授粉方式对日光温室草莓产量、品质及效益的影响

以草莓品种"甜宝"为试验材料,通过测定草莓的坐果率、畸形果率、单果重、产量、产值,研究了熊蜂和蜜蜂授粉对日光温室草莓产量、品质及效益的影响。结果表明:熊蜂授粉的草莓畸形果平均率从蜜蜂授粉的11.08%降低为5.28%,2种授粉方式的坐果率均为100%。熊蜂和蜜蜂授粉的草莓单果重平均值分别为11.08g和8.09g,熊蜂较蜜蜂授粉的草莓单果重增加了36.96%。熊蜂授粉的草莓果纵径、横径以及单果种子数均显著高于蜜蜂授粉。熊蜂授粉的草莓产量和产值均显著高于蜜蜂授粉,且利润较蜜蜂授粉增加了33.80%。     

日光温室番茄熊蜂授粉试验

日光温室的棚室结构阻碍了传粉昆虫的进入,蔬菜在开花期间得不到充足的授粉,从而影响了产量和品质,为此,生产上普遍采用人工辅助授粉。但人工授粉不仅增加了劳动强度,而且最佳授粉时间难以掌握,特别在花期短、花量大的情况下,人工授粉效果不够理想,同时人工授粉常使用激素,造成不同程度的污染和残留积累。为了提高番茄坐果率,增加产量,改善品质,笔者在日光温室番茄上进行了熊蜂授粉试验。试验结果表明,利用熊蜂授粉能明显提高番茄的品质和商品性,增产率达到13.5%～15.3%,300m2温室增值966～1478元,同时生产过程安全环保。     

熊蜂授粉对北方冬季温室不同品种番茄品质的影响

以硬果型番茄、口感型番茄和樱桃番茄为试材,采用熊蜂授粉和激素蘸花的方法,研究了2种处理方式对北方冬季温室3种番茄坐果率和果实品质的影响,以期为熊蜂授粉的应用提供参考依据。结果表明：与激素蘸花相比,熊蜂授粉的3种番茄坐果率分别升高9.2%、8.5%和6.2%,畸形果率分别降低58.6%、41.3%和44.9%,种子数量分别增加118.6%、158.3%和93.2%,番茄红素、维生素C和可溶性糖含量显著升高(P<0.05),口感评分值均显著提高(P<0.05)。因此,采用熊蜂授粉技术能够显著提高北方冬季温室番茄的坐果率和果实品质。熊蜂授粉技术在北方冬季温室番茄生产中值得大力推广应用。     

日光温室冬春茬小番茄熊蜂授粉实验

以蜜恋、爱吉蓓丽两个小番茄品种为试验材料,在日光温室栽培条件下,分析了熊蜂授粉、激素喷花两种处理方式对冬春茬小番茄果实产量和品质的影响。结果表明,熊蜂授粉处理的两个品种小番茄坐果率分别为96.5%、92.6%;且番茄产量比激素处理分别提高了19.78%、31.72%,授粉组的单果质量、果纵径和最大横径、果实风味也显著高于激素处理组,同时生产过程安全环保。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Expression and significance of c-IAP2 and GAS1 in Hodgkin's lymphoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma

AIM: To detect the expression of cytoplasmic inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 (c-IAP2) and growth arrest-specific gene 1 (GAS1) in Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and to investigate the role of two genes in the pathogenesis of HL and ALCL.METHODS: HE staining, the antibodies CD30, CD15, CD45RO and CD20 were used to screen the cases of HL and ALCL from 288 cases of lymphoma. The clarified HL and ALCL were subjected for immunohistochemical staining by SP and ABC methods to analyze the expression of c-IAP2 and GAS1. RESULTS: ①The positive rate of c-IAP2 in HL was 25/26(96.1%) while that in ALCL was 6/19(31.6%), there presented statistic significance between HL and ALCL groups(P<0.05), meanwhile the positive rate of GAS1 showed statistic significance between HL and ALCL groups(P<0.05). ②Two cases were showed to be a mixed type combined with large tumor cells of HL and relatively smaller tumor cells of ALCL.CONCLUSION: ①The different expression of c-IAP2 and GAS1 in HL and ALCL implied a different mechanism of oncogenesis and the different defects in the pathway of signal transduction of apoptosis in HL and ALCL;②Few cases showed an overlap and a likely transitional state between HL and ALCL; ③The different expressing manner of GAS1 and c-IAP2 in HL and ALCL implied the potential marks for the differential dignosis of two kinds of lymphoma.     

Effects of patch attributes, barriers, and distance between patches on the distribution of a rock-dwelling rodent (Lagidium viscacia)

We tested whether size of habitat patches and distance between patches are sufficient to predict the distribution of the mountain vizcacha Lagidium viscacia a large, rock-dwelling rodent of the Patagonian steppe Argentina, or whether information on other patch and landscape characteristics also is required. A logistic regression model including the distance between rock crevices and depth of crevices, distance between a patch and the nearest occupied patch, and whether or not there was a river separating it from the nearest occupied patch was a better predictor of patch occupancy by mountain vizcachas than was a model based only on patch size and distance between patches. Our results indicate that a simple metapopulation analysis based on size of habitat patches and distance between patches may not provide an accurate representation of regional population dynamics if patches vary in habitat quality independently of patch size and features in the matrix alter connectivity. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Inhibitory β-adrenergic receptor in heart

β₃-adrenergic receptor is the third subtype of β-adrenergic receptors. The genetic structure and pharmacological property of β₃-adrenergic receptor are markedly distinguished from β₁-and β₂-adrenergic receptor subtypes. Recently studies show that myocardial β₃-adrenergic receptor mediates negative inotropic effect through Gi-protein/NO/cGMP pathway, the expression of β₃-adrenergic receptor and negative inotropic effect mediated by β₃-adrenergic receptor are increased in heart failure. However, because of the low expression of β₃-adrenergic receptor in the heart, the actual pathophysiological significance of β₃-adrenergic receptor remains unknown.