黑龙江省鸟类新发现——褐岩鹨

２００１年１１月１日 在黑龙江省嫩江（４９°０６’Ｎ，１２５°１５’Ｅ）进行鸟类环志时，捕获一只酷似棕眉山岩鹨的鸟。但该鸟眉纹白色，经鉴定，是褐岩鹨（Ｐｒｕｎｅｌｌａ　ｆｕｌｖｅｓｃｅｎｓ）。 捕获时天气晴朗，受冷空气影响降温。前一天阴，北部、东部１００公里外大范围降雪。捕获该鸟处的网位高０．８米，布网生境为人工云杉种子林。林间有－５０ × ４０米的小型水库。网设在拉水坝上。网两侧有护坡用２～３米高的柳树。此前（１０月３０日），在同一网位捕获一只与其分布区相近似的种类红腹红尾鸲（Ｐｈｏｅｎｉｃｕｒｕ…     

黑龙江省鸟类分布新记录种──红脚鹬

1997年3月末至1998年1月中旬我们在三河自然保护区（抚远县)进行鸟类区调查时,共记录到鸟类168种为三江平原鸟类分布新纪录，其中红脚（Tringatotanus）为黑龙江省鸟类分布新记录。1997年5月4日我们海青乡获得一红脚标本性别雌体重全长265引标本趾、跗和胫的下部红色；嘴红色，端部黑色。上体及翼为褐色，并杂以黑色斑纹及白色点斑，下体白色而密布色斑纹，斑纹在喉部至腹部一红较稀。引标本现保存于三江自然保护区。红脚在该地区为夏候鸟。在调查过程中，4月7日初见于海青乡南部（2只），4月24日在海青乡四合村见到5只。6月1日在南乡见到1…     

笼养大鸨在哈尔滨动物园首次繁殖成功

大鸨（Ｏｔｉｓ　ｔａｒｄａ）隶属鹤形目鸨科鸟类，分为两个亚种，即指名亚种（Ｏｔｉｓｔａｒｄａ ｔａｒｄａ）和东方亚种（也称普通亚种）（Ｏｔｉｓ　ｔａｒｄａ　ｄｙｂｏｗｓｋｉｉ），其中指名亚种主要分布于欧洲、中亚和中国新疆，东方亚种主要分布俄罗斯东南部、蒙古草原和我国东北、华北及黄河和长江流域。 据统计截止２００１年，国内有关大鸨研究报导近４０篇，多见于野外生态、人工饲养及解剖、生理、生化等方面的研究。大鸨在人工饲养条件下繁殖，迄令尚未见有报导。２００１年，哈尔滨动物园在人工饲养条件下，首次获得了笼…     

中国鸟类模式标本的初步研究

模式产地在中国的鸟类有943种和亚种，占全国鸟类2139种和亚种的43．9％，其中单型种109，指名亚种105，合计（214）占中国鸟类1186种的18％，即种的模式产地在中国的鸟类约占中国鸟种的1／6；非雀形中为首的是鸡形目（94种和亚种），雀形目中为首的是画眉亚科（19．86），在中国命名亚种最多的种是雉鸡（17），为首的省（区）是云南（110），为首的命名年代是1861－1870（165），为首的命名是Swinhoe(131),中国学命名26种和亚种，为首的是郑作新15亚种。     

秦岭羚牛频繁下山 栖息活动范围扩大

国内一些专著都称秦岭羚牛亚种栖息在秦岭海拔2200米至2800米之间。《陕西珍贵、经济兽类志》(陕西省动物研究所主编,陕西省科学技术出版社,1981年11月第一版)称秦岭羚牛:“在秦岭一般栖息于2000米以上的中、亚高山针阔叶混交林或针叶林中”。本文根据1986年至1990年间安康     

乌鸫新疆亚种的分布与保护利用

乌鸫新疆亚种（Turdusmerulaintermedia）：是乌鸫系较濒危鸟类，属鸟纲Ayes、雀形目（Passeriformes）、鸫科（Turdidae）、鸫属（Turdus）、乌鸫T．meYllla，已被列入《世界自然保护联盟}（IUCN）国际鸟类红皮书，2009年名录vet3．1。乌鸫是草原上的益鸟，由于其羽色皂黑，不知者常误认为是乌鸦，其实在体形上要比乌鸦小得多，与鸽子大小相仿。为更好的保护和利用，我们在新疆草原开展野外调查，并在和田昆仑山山地草原进行定点观测，初步摸清乌鸫新疆亚种的分布和生活习性及对草原虫害的控制作用。     

辽宁省鸟类新记录二种

辽宁省鸟类新记录二种于达敏刘英铎（沈阳市辉山风景区）（北票市农业区划办）邱英杰常家传（辽宁省林业厅）（东北林业大学野生动物资源学院）１９９２－１９９３年我们在辽宁省北票市进行动物资源调查中，发现２项辽宁省鸟类分布新记录，报道如下．１．在大黑山林场（努...     

鹧鸪的种源和经济价值

鹧鸪(Partridge)属脊椎动物门、鸡形目、雉科,最近被分类学家重分类为鹧鸪种。鹧鸪广泛分布于世界各地,由于各地生活环境和生活条件不同。因此,形成具有不同的外形特征和生产性能的品种和亚种。国外许多鸟类权威人士,从1830年开始对鹧鸪种源,生活特性及其分布进行了大量的研究,1962年Waston将红脚鹧鸪列属7个品种和30多个亚种。其在世界的分布大致如下:     

玛可河保护区春季鸟类群落多样性研究

为了解玛可河保护区春季鸟类分布现状，研究鸟类群落结构及其多样性，2020年4月至5月采用样线法对保护区内5种生境类型的鸟类组成及多样性进行了连续调查。结果表明：共记录到鸟类84种，隶属于11目29科56属，其中优势种4种（白眉朱雀、红眉朱雀、橙翅噪鹛和红嘴山鸦）、国家一级重点保护鸟类4种（黑头噪鸦、猎隼、胡兀鹫和金雕）、国家二级重点保护鸟类10种。在居留型上，留鸟最多（51种，60.71%），其次是夏候鸟（28种，33.33%），旅鸟（3种，3.57%），冬候鸟和迷鸟最少（均1种，1.19%）；在生态类型上，鸣禽（59种）>猛禽（8种）=陆禽（8种）>攀禽（5种）>涉禽（2种）=游禽（2种）；在多样性和均匀度指数上河谷沿岸生境均高于其他4种生境（3.363 0、0.802 7）。玛可河保护区的鸟类物种多样性相对较高，相比青海省其他地域，东洋界物种相对较多。春季鸟类大多以繁殖鸟为主。     

秦岭细鳞鲑人工繁殖技术

秦岭细鳞鲑属鲑形目，鲑科，细鳞鲑属，俗称花鱼、梅花鱼、金板鱼、闾花鱼、五色鱼、闾鱼，是我国独有的珍稀冷水性鱼类，属国家Ⅱ级保护野生动物，由于秦岭细鳞鲑是在地理上分布最南的两种鲑科鱼类之一（另一种为川陕哲罗鲑），为冰期自北方南移的残留种，李思忠（1966）将其定为细鳞鲑的地方亚种。     

东北部分地区红背鼠平肠道寄生虫形态学鉴定

参照芬兰学者的研究方法,作者于2008年4～5月,对我国东北部的吉林省上马厂林场、红石林场、黄泥河林业局及黑龙江省凉水自然保护区红背肝肠道内寄生虫种类进行形态学鉴定,希望能为日后中国的寄生虫-寄主系统种群动态和协同进化的研究提供一些基础资料,同时通过对中国田鼠亚科啮齿类寄生虫的研究,为世界该领域的进化研究提供补充,填补中国的空白。     

Further studies on leptospirosis in small rodents and shrews in Finland. A report of investigation made in 1963-64

In previous investigations on small mammals in Finland (Rislakki & al 1954, Rislakki & Salminen 1955, Salminen 1956), the Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae-frequency in rats (Rattus norvegicus) was rather high (43.1 %). Leptospira-positive cases were also found in house mice (L. sejroe 23.3 %), harvest mice (L. hataviae 9.0 %), yellow necked field mice (L. poi 12.5 %), common voles (L. sejroe and L. bataviae together 12.1 %), field voles (L. sejroe and L. bataviae together 10.7 %) and in common shrews (L. poi 1.2 %). Specimens of other species sent in for investigation (Norway rat, common red backed vole, large tooth backed vole, northern red backed vole, root vole, water vole, wood lemming, Laxmann''s shrew, lesser shrew and water shrew) gave negative results.     

黄腹角雉剥制标本制作技术

动物标本是野生动物研究的基础材料,大部分国家公园和自然保护区都有自己的标本馆,收集和储存标本供参观和研究所用。标本的采集、记录、制作和保存是野生动物管理人员的一项基本技能,每位管理人员都应掌握。不管是皮张、头骨、角或牙齿都是很好的标本。对保护动物的采集,必须得到管理部门的许可。黄腹角雉标本的制作尤为重要,作为国家Ⅰ级保护动物,它更加具有科研和观赏价值。     

Spatial distribution of Trichinella britovi, T. pseudospiralis and T. spiralis in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Hungary

The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is considered one of the main reservoir of Trichinella spp. in Europe. As limited information on Trichinella infection in wildlife of Hungary is available, 2116 red foxes, representing more than 3% of the estimated fox population of the country, were screened to detect Trichinella larvae by a digestion method. Trichinella larvae from the 35 positive foxes were identified by a multiplex PCR as Trichinella britovi (30 isolates, 85.7%), Trichinella spiralis (4 isolates, 11.4%), and Trichinella pseudospiralis (1 isolate, 2.9%). The true mean intensity of T. britovi, T. spiralis and T. pseudospiralis larvae in lower forelimb muscles was 23.6, 3.5 and 13.5larvae/g, respectively. T. spiralis was detected only in the southern and eastern regions. The non-encapsulated T. pseudospiralis was recorded for the first time in Hungary. Although the overall true prevalence of Trichinella infection in foxes was only 1.8% (95% confidence interval, CI=1.5-2.1%), the spatial analysis reveals different risk regions. In the north-eastern counties bordering Slovakia and Ukraine (21% of the Hungarian territory), the true prevalence of Trichinella infection is significantly higher than that observed in other regions (6.0%, CI=4.8-7.1%). In the southern counties bordering Croatia, Serbia and Romania (41% of the Hungarian territory), the true prevalence of Trichinella infection is moderate (1.4%, CI=1.0-1.8%). In the north-western and central counties (38% of Hungarian territory), the prevalence of Trichinella infection is significantly lower (0.2%, CI=0.1-0.4%) than that of the other regions. Based on the statistical analysis and the evaluation of epidemiological data, none of the counties can be considered free of Trichinella infection. In the past decade, Trichinella infection has been detected only in few backyard pigs, and only few wild boar-related autochthonous infections in humans were described. Nevertheless, these results highlight the need of the maintenance of a strict monitoring and control programmes on Trichinella infection in farmed and hunted animals of Hungary.     

新疆塔里木马鹿遗传多样性的微卫星分析

利用5个微卫星标记对新疆塔里木马鹿遗传多样性进行了检测。统计了塔里木马鹿3个群体的等位基因组成、平均有效等位基因数(E)和平均基因纯合率(Rh),利用等位基因频率计算出各群体的平均遗传杂合度(h)、多态信息含量(PIC)。结果表明5个微卫星位点在库尔勒、阿拉尔和沙雅县塔里木马鹿3个群体的平均多态信息含量分别为0.5884、0.5754、0.5344,除微卫星位点BM5004外均为高度多态,可作为有效的遗传标记用于塔里木马鹿遗传多样性分析;塔里木马鹿三个群体总平均PIC、h、Rh和E分别为:0.5661、0.5995、0.4474和2.7。分析认为塔里木马鹿遗传变异度较高,遗传多样性相对丰富,具有较大的遗传潜力。     

Prevalence of the Bacterium Coxiella burnetii in Wild Rodents from a Canadian Natural Environment Park

Zoonotic diseases impact both wild and domestic animal populations and can be transmitted to humans through close contact with animal species. Reservoir species acting as vectors are major traffickers of disease. Rodents contribute to the transmission of Coxiella burnetii although little is known about its prevalence in wild animal populations. DNA was extracted from genital swabs collected from woodland jumping mice, deer mice, Southern red‐backed voles, Eastern chipmunks, North American red squirrels, as well as Southern and Northern flying squirrels collected from Algonquin Park, Canada. The presence of C. burnetii was determined through real‐time PCR. All species sampled had some prevalence of infection, except Eastern chipmunks, indicating wild rodents in Algonquin Park are reservoirs for C. burnetii. Emerging zoonotic diseases are linked to increasing globalization. Contact amongst individuals increases as crowding, habitat loss and fragmentation increase within wild spaces. Parks often act as a last refuge for wildlife but may also be an important transmission zone of wildlife disease to humans. Investigations that attempt to discover wild reservoir species of zoonotic disease are critically important to understanding the risk of pathogen exchange between wild and human populations.     

Prevalence of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in Hungarian red foxes (Vulpes vulpes)

In the present study we have investigated the seroprevalence to the protozoan parasites Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in 337 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from 16 out of 19 counties in Hungary. The foxes were originally collected within a National vaccination program against rabies. Antibodies to T. gondii were detected in as many as 228 (68%) of the foxes using a commercial direct agglutination test (DAT). In an indirect iscom ELISA, five foxes (1.5%) were positive for antibodies against N. caninum. The high prevalence of foxes positive for T. gondii might be explained by the widespread occurrence of the parasite in the diet of foxes. As a contrast, latent infections of N. caninum among red foxes in Hungary are much less common.