三种鸡抗球虫药的效力比较试验

鸡球虫病是养禽业中常见的一种疾病,它对养鸡生产的危害十分严重,分布很广。在我国虽然已使用抗球虫药物的种类很多,但由于球虫耐药性的普遍存在,抗球虫效果不是很理想。本试验通过挑选健康雏鸡随机分组,在人工感染鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫条件下,评估三种抗球虫药物（磺胺氯吡嗪钠、马杜拉霉素、盐酸氯丙嗪）的抗球虫效果,并对三种抗球虫药物进行比较,以抗球虫指数（ACI）作为药物治疗效果的综合评定指标,为规模化养鸡场提供实验依据,以适应生产实际需要。     

不同抗球虫药物对鸡球虫病的疗效试验

试验选取某养鸡场鸡球虫病患病鸡120只,随机分为4组,每组30只,其中1组为阳性对照组(感染不给药组),另外3组分别选用磺胺喹噁啉、地克珠利和癸氧喹酯3种抗球虫药物进行治疗;另选健康鸡30只,作为健康对照组。连续给药5d,在第8天将150只鸡全部扑杀剖检,通过计算抗球虫指数(ACI)来判断药物对球虫病的治疗效果。结果显示,癸氧喹酯的抗球虫指数最高,为高效抗球虫药物;地克珠利居中,为中效抗球虫药物;磺胺喹噁啉抗球虫指数最低,为无效抗球虫药物。     

三种鸡抗球虫药物效力的比较研究

挑选健康和体况相近的104只15～25日龄雏鸡,随机分组,在人工感染鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫条件下,评估3种抗球虫药物——磺胺氯吡嗪类、马杜拉霉素、盐酸氯丙嗪的抗球虫效果,并对3种抗球虫药物进行比较,以抗球虫指数（ACI）作为药物治疗效果的综合评定指标。结果表明,各药物组的ACI分别为磺胺氯吡嗪类184.35,马杜拉霉素142.06,盐酸氯丙嗪165.10,显示磺胺氯吡嗪类药物抗球虫效果最好。     

四川部分地区鸡球虫分离株对11种抗球虫药物的耐药性调查

从四川省部分地区分离到6株鸡艾美耳球虫株,为了掌握这些虫株对11种常用抗球虫药物的耐药性情况,采用笼饲试验法(鸡体试验法),以最适抗球虫活性百分率(POAA)、病变记分减少率(RLS)、相对卵囊产量(ROP)和抗球虫指数(ACI)4项指标对结果进行综合判定。结果表明,6株鸡艾美耳球虫对癸氧喹酯、拉沙洛西钠、盐酸氯苯胍和莫能菌素为轻度耐药及以上;对尼卡巴嗪、二硝托铵、氯羟吡啶、马度米星铵和甲基盐霉素为中度耐药及以上;对复方磺胺氯达嗪钠均为重度耐药及以上。6株鸡艾美耳球虫四川株对11种受试药物均不敏感,且对大部分试验药物表现为中度或重度耐药。     

4种新型抗球虫药预防盲肠球虫病的效果观察

为了解鸡球虫对新型合成化学物敏感性程度,开发新型抗球虫药物提供科学依据,本试验选择了4种新型合成化学物,分别为磺胺喹恶啉钠溶液、复方磺胺喹恶啉钠溶液A、复方磺胺喹恶啉钠溶液B、黑球粉(6%癸氧喹酯),并以抗球虫指数ACI为指标考察了以上4种新型合成化学物防治鸡球虫病的作用效果。     

TMP、DVD与磺胺氯吡嗪钠联用时抗球虫效果的比较研究

鸡球虫病(Coccidiasis)是严重危害养鸡业发展的主要寄生虫病之一.各年龄的鸡均易发病,其中15～20日龄雏鸡病死率达40%.全球每年造成的经济损失约20亿美元,其中抗球虫药的费用约为3.2亿美元.目前,国内外防治球虫病的药物品种较少,抗球虫新药的研制非常缓慢,但球虫对所有抗球虫药物均易很快产生耐药性.因此,试验对2种常用的磺胺增效剂三甲氧苄胺嘧啶(TMP) 和二甲氧苄胺嘧啶(DVD)与磺胺氯吡嗪钠(Esb3Na)联用时的抗球虫效果进行了比较,为抗球虫"老药"的合理应用提供理论依据.     

抗球虫药和抗疟药配合的药效研究

本试验共测定了１９种抗球虫药和抗疟药及其部分药物配合应用的药效。在这１９种药物中，青蒿素、蒿甲醚、奎宁和氯喹四种药物在鸡胚中无抗球虫作用。乙胺嘧啶和乙氧乙胺苯甲酯在高浓度时对柔嫩艾美尔球虫有较弱的抗球虫活性，其余１３种药物在鸡胚中均表现良好的抗球虫活性。本试验还进行了数种抗球虫药在鸡胚中的配合应用。从本试验结果可见，利用柔嫩艾美尔球虫子孢子感染鸡胚进行抗球虫药效测定，具有灵敏和准确性高、节省时间和试验材料等优点，尤其适用大规模药物筛选     

饲料药物添加剂对鸡球虫病疫苗免疫效果的影响

鸡球虫病是由艾美耳属(Eimeria)球虫引起的一种寄生性原虫病,严重危害集约化养鸡场的疾病之一。全世界每年因球虫病造成的经济损失约为20亿美元,其中每年用于抗球虫药的年支出约为3亿美元。本试验通过四种饲料药物添加剂,比较其对鸡球虫疫苗免疫建立效果的影响。     

常用抗球虫药对人工感染鸡球虫病的疗效观察

本试验比较了8种常用抗球虫药地克珠利(1毫克/千克饲料)、球痢灵(125毫克/千克饲料)、克球多(125毫克/千克饲料)、常山酮(3毫克/千克饲料)、盐霉素(60毫克/千克饲料)、拉沙洛菌素(75毫克/千克饲料)、氨丙啉(125毫克/千克饲料)、马杜霉素(5毫克/千克饲料)对鸡人工感染2.4×105个混合球虫卵囊的作用效果。结果表明:地克珠利抗球虫指数(ACI)为184.9,抗球虫效果优秀;盐霉素抗球虫指数(ACI)为164.4,抗球虫效果良好,克球多、常山酮、拉沙洛菌素、氨丙啉、马杜霉素的抗球虫指数分别为146.4、123.4、151.6、140.6、158.1,抗球虫效果中等;球痢灵抗球虫指数(ACI)为102.9,无效。     

中药与化学药物对鸡球虫病的疗效对比试验

研究应用中药方剂对鸡球虫病进行了疗效试验,结果表明中药方剂具有明显的抗球虫和促进小鸡增重的效果,中药组与地克珠利组和氨丙啉组的抗球虫指数(ACI)分别为216.1,182.9和144.2,说明中药的抗球虫效果明显优于化学药物;两种化学药物中,地克珠利仍属高效抗球虫药,但氨丙啉的ACI仅有144.2,为低效抗球虫药,已不宜继续用于防治鸡球虫病。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.