水稻及其根际土壤中六六六、滴滴涕残留量探析

对四川省水稻及其根际土壤中主要有机氯农药六六六(BCH)和滴滴涕(DDT)残留现状研究结果表明,在抽检的10套样品水稻籽实中均未检出有机氯污染物六六六和滴滴涕,符合国家颁布的食品卫生标准。而根际土壤中普遍检出滴滴涕农药残留,且德阳孝泉镇还检出六六六农药残留,但根据土壤环境质量标准(GB15618—95)其土壤中六六六和滴滴涕的残留尚未超标,符合自然土壤背景值标准。建议继续禁用六六六和滴滴涕农药,并应间断性对食用农产品进行抽样调查,同时尽快禁止食用性植物生产中使用三氯杀螨醇。     

Accelerated aerobic degradation of γ-hexachlorocyclohexane in suspensions of flooded and non-flooded soils pretreated with hexachlorocyclohexane

Summary A commercial wettable-powder formulation (50% a. i.) of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) was applied to unplanted and planted (to rice) soils under flooded and non-flooded conditions at 1 kg a. i. ha^–1 at 15-day intervals. A mineral salts medium supplemented with -HCH as a sole source of C was inoculated with suspensions from HCH-treated and untreated soils (unplanted or planted to rice) and incubated under aerobic conditions. -HCH disappeared completely within 10 days from the aerobically incubated medium inoculated with the suspension from the treated soil compared to less than 30% loss from the uninoculated medium or from the medium inoculated with the suspension from the untreated soil, during the corresponding period. Soil samples from HCH-treated flooded pots lost their capacity for accelerated degradation of -HCH after autoclaving. The addition of HCH clearly stimulated aerobic degradation of -HCH, even in predominantly anaerobic flooded soil. The factor responsible for the accelerated degradation of -HCH in pretreated soil was not detected in the deeper layers (>10 cm) of flooded soil and in fields that had dried following the rice harvest.     

Leaching of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers in a flooded field unplanted or planted to rice

Leaching ofα-, β-, γ- andδ-isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) in a commercial formulation, sprayed to a flooded field (unplanted or planted to rice) at 1.0 kg a.i. ha ^?1 onγ-isomer basis, was studied with the help of field-installed porous moisture extraction cups. Residues of HCH-isomers in the surface field water and leachates (at 15, 30 and 60 cm) were higher in planted field than in unplanted field, probably due to less volatilization of HCH-isomers under the crop cover. HCH-isomers, with the exception ofβ-isomer, migrated to 30 cm depth;β-isomer did not move beyond 15 cm depth possibly due to lower amount of this isomer available for leaching whileα-HCH was detected even at 60 cm depth.γ-Tetrachlorocyclohexene, a predicted metabolite ofγ-HCH in anaerobic environments, was detected in the the leachate even at 60 cm depth.     

不同树龄茶树根际土壤酶活性的变化分析

以不同种植年限黄金桂茶树根际土壤为研究对象,分析茶树树龄对土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,茶树根际土壤中与养分循环相关的酸性磷酸酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性随着茶树树龄的增加而上升,且与茶树树龄呈显著正相关,中性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶则相反;茶树根际土壤中与抗性相关的多酚氧化酶活性随着茶树树龄的增加而上升且与茶树树龄呈显著正相关,而过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、脱氢酶活性则呈下降趋势,与茶树树龄呈显著负相关。土壤酶对茶树树龄的敏感性分析结果表明,不同土壤酶响应茶树树龄变化的趋势为过氧化氢酶脲酶脱氢酶蔗糖酶过氧化物酶多酚氧化酶酸性磷酸酶中性磷酸酶碱性磷酸酶。可见,在茶树生产管理过程中应适当提高磷肥的施用量,老茶树应当加强土壤松耕,以提高土壤中抗性酶活性。     

Effect of rice plant growth on denitrification in rhizosphere soil

The effect of rice plant growth on the loss of basal nitrogen (N) through denitrification in the rhizosphere of subsurface soil was investigated by the ¹⁵N balance method. Labeled ¹⁵N was applied to the deep soil layer to distinguish between the N losses in the surface and subsurface soils. Denitrification in pots with whole plants (Control) was compared with that in pots with plants cut off at the base of the culm (Pcut) to evaluate the effect of plant growth on denitrification. The upward movement of the applied ¹⁵N from the deep soil was negligible. Thus, the amount of unrecovered ¹⁵N was equal to the amount of N lost through denitrification in the rhizosphere of the subsurface soil (20–150 mm soil depth). In the Control treatment, values of redox potential at 50 and 90 mm soil depths were negative throughout the experimental period. Therefore, it was assumed that the redox potential could not have been the limiting factor for the N loss through denitrification in this experiment. The α-naphthylamine-oxidizing activity of roots decreased drastically after the cutting treatment. The estimated amount of de nitrified ¹⁵N in the rhizosphere of the subsurface soil was significantly higher in the Pcut treatment than in the Control one at 30 and 40 d after transplanting (DAT), while it was comparable in the two treatments at 52 and 64 DAT. Since a greater amount of ¹⁵N loss was found to occur when there was no absorption of ¹⁵N by the plants, the absorption of ¹⁵N by plants may have contributed to the suppression of denitrification. The amount of immobilized ¹⁵N in the Control treatment was larger than that of the Pcut treatment throughout the experiment. N immobilization might have also contributed to the suppression of denitrification in the rhizosphere of the subsurface soil.     

红壤区不同肥力水稻土根际硝化作用特征

通过根际培养箱(三室)——速冻切片技术研究了红壤地区高、低两种肥力下水稻苗期根表、根际和土体土壤矿质态氮含量和硝化强度,以及水稻生长、氮素积累的差异。结果表明,肥力水平对水稻根表和根际土壤铵态氮(NH4+-N)含量无显著影响,但高肥力显著提高土体土壤NH4+-N含量,以及根表、根际和土体土壤硝态氮(NO3--N)含量及硝化强度。两种肥力水稻土硝化强度最大值均出现在距根表2 mm处,分别为0.20和0.31μmol kg-1 h-1。土体土壤硝化强度随距根表距离增加而降低,低肥力土壤在距根表10～40mm处时硝化强度接近本底值,而高肥力土壤在距根表20～40 mm处时接近本底值。与不种水稻的CK相比,种植水稻显著提高根际土壤硝化强度。高肥力能显著改善水稻生长,增加植株氮素积累量,尤其显著促进根系生长及通气组织发育。由于红壤稻田肥力水平的差异造成水稻根际硝化强度以及水稻吸收NO3-的差异,导致高肥条件下水稻显示出更强的生长势和氮素吸收利用能力。因此,合理提高红壤稻田肥力水平对改善红壤区水稻根际土壤硝化作用及水稻氮素营养具有重要意义。     

Effect of soil heating on the dynamics of soil available nutrients in the rhizosphere

The effect of soil heating on the dynamics of soil available nutrients in the rhizosphere was evaluated. A pot experiment was carried out by using a rhizobox; a pot which enables to sample soils and soil solutions not only temporally with plant growth but also spatially depending on the distance from the root-accumulating compartment. The experiment consisted of 4 treatments; soils with or without heating treatment (150°C, 3 h), each of which was either planted with maize (Zea mays L.) or not. During the 17-d experiment, soil solutions at 0–2 mm from the root-accumulating compartment were collected 5 times. Soils depending on the distance from the root-accumulating compartment and plants were also collected after the experiment. The ionic concentrations of the soil solutions and soil water extracts, and the nutrient contents of plants were analyzed. Immediately after soil heating, the concentrations of cations, SO₄ ^2-, CI^-, water-soluble P, and water-soluble organic carbon increased significantly. With plant growth, the total ionic concentration in the rhizosphere soil solution increased for heated soil, whereas it decreased for unheated soil. The increase of the concentrations of cations and SO₄ ^2- in the rhizosphere of heated soil was appreciable, suggesting that the movement of cations such as Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ by mass flow was regulated by that of SO₄ ^2-. Moreover soil heating inhibited nitrification, resulting in the supply of N mainly in the form of NH₄ ⁺ within 10 mm from the root-accumulating compartment. As a result, the soil pH decreased in the rhizosphere of heated soil. The amount of nutrients absorbed by plants, on the other hand, did not change significantly by soil heating except for an increase of P uptake. The increase of P uptake could be explained not only by the immediate increase of the water-soluble P concentration but also by the dissolution of Ca-bound P and the hydrolysis of water-soluble organic P in the rhizosphere.     

施肥对I-107杨树人工林土壤根际效应的影响

 通过研究施用有机肥、化学肥料和生物菌肥对I-107杨树人工林根际和非根际土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性的影响,分析土壤酶活性与土壤微生物数量的关系。研究结果表明:不同种类肥料使用后3个月,林地根际土壤和非根际土壤微生物总量均有显著增长,其中有机肥处理土壤微生物数量增长幅度最大,菌肥处理最小。施肥处理显著提高土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶活性,但尿素和菌肥处理土壤多酚氧化酶活性降低。施用有机肥处理对土壤微生物和土壤酶根际效应值影响最明显,菌肥处理影响最小。尿素处理土壤pH值高于对照,有机肥和菌肥处理小于对照,但不同处理间土壤pH值的根际效应值差异性不明显。土壤微生物数量与土壤酶活性之间存在一定的相关性,其中:土壤脲酶活性与好气性纤维素分解菌之间、土壤碱性磷酸酶活性与氨化细菌、真菌、放线菌、亚硝酸细菌之间,土壤过氧化氢酶与好气性纤维素分解菌、真菌、放线菌之间相关性显著。     

镉污染土壤根际环境的调节与植物修复研究进展

简要回顾了近年来土壤镉污染现状,介绍了根际环境的调节作用、镉污染土壤的植物修复技术的类型、特点及植物修复情况,并对今后植物修复发展前景作了进一步展望,为实现对镉污染土壤进行有效的生态整治与安全高效益的利用提供了新的技术途径。     

Effects of lead upon the actions of sulfate-reducing bacteria in the rice rhizosphere

Microbe-mineral interactions play an important role in affecting geochemical transformations of heavy metals in the soil environment. The formation of metal sulfide, which is mediated by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) through contributing to sulfate reduction is an important pathway for heavy metal stabilization in anoxic soil. In oxic rice rhizospheres, there are abundant sulfur oxidizing bacteria (SOB) which can enhance sulfur oxidation and hence the availability of heavy metals, resulting in the uptake of such metals by the plant and a potential risk to human health. In this study, the potential existence of SRB in oxic rice rhizospheres, their contribution to sulfate reduction, and potential to reduce the availability of heavy metal was investigated. PCR-DGGE fingerprinting and real-time PCR results showed increasing numbers of SRB with Pb addition, which corresponded with increases in soil pH and reduction in Eh, suggesting the enhancement of sulfur reduction and SRB activity. Sulfur K-edge XANES, which characterized sulfur speciation in situ, revealed reduced states of sulfur. The SRB mediated the sulfate reduction and contributed to the formation of reduced sulfur which interacted with Pb, leading to the formation of stable metal sulfide and reduction of Pb availability. In return, acclimated SRB populations developed in Pb-polluted conditions. Hence stabilization of reduced sulfur by Pb enhanced the activity of SRB and sulfate reduction in rice rhizosphere.     

长期不同施肥模式对大麦-双季稻田根际土壤有机氮组分的影响

根际土壤有机氮组分在土壤养分和作物氮素营养中具有重要作用。本研究依托长期（37年）定位施肥试验田,设置4个施肥处理：不施肥对照（CK）、单独施用化肥（CF）、秸秆还田+化肥（RF）和30%有机肥+70%化肥（OM）,于晚稻成熟期测定大麦-双季稻田根际土壤基础理化性质、微生物量氮和有机氮组分（氨基酸态氮、氨基糖态氮、酸解氨态氮、酸解未知态氮、非酸解性氮）含量。研究表明：相对CK处理,RF和OM处理显著增加了稻田根际土壤有机碳、全氮、铵态氮和硝态氮的含量。RF和OM处理土壤微生物量氮含量分别比CK处理增加了19.8%和30.7%。酸解性氮作为根际土壤全氮的主体部分,占全氮的59.6%~72.1%;各处理根际土壤酸解性氮含量大小顺序表现为OM>RF>CF>CK。各施肥处理中,酸解有机氮中的氨基糖态氮、氨基酸态氮和酸解未知态氮含量均以OM处理最大,分别比CK处理增加139.3%、47.9%和110.0%;酸解氨态氮以RF处理最大,比CK处理增加69.9%。土壤有机碳、全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮与土壤氨基酸态氮、氨基糖态氮、酸解未知态氮以及微生物量氮均呈极显著（p<0.01）正相关。因此,秸秆、有机肥配施化肥均能有效提高大麦-双季稻田根际土壤的供氮能力,是改善稻田土壤肥力的有效手段。     

Microbial communities in rice rhizosphere altered by intermittent and continuous flooding in fields with long-term arsenic application

Rice cultivated on arsenic (As)-contaminated soils can, under some conditions, accumulate high concentrations of As in grain, mostly as a result of the continuous flooding practices commonly used for rice cultivation. Intermittent flooding, as opposed to continuous flooding, might reduce soluble As concentrations in the rice rhizosphere, but it might also alter soil microbial populations that may impact As chemistry. A field-scale study was conducted to analyze As concentrations and microbial populations in the rice rhizosphere, in response to intermittent and continuous flooding in plots that were historically amended with “As-containing” pesticide and unamended soil. Rhizosphere, pore-water and grain As concentrations were quantified, and microbial populations in the rhizosphere were characterized using community quantitative-PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Pore-water As concentrations decreased by 41-81% and grain As by 31-48% in the intermittently flooded plots relative to the continuously flooded plots. The relative abundance of bacteria increased over the course of the growing season, while archaeal and fungal gene abundances decreased. Bacterial community structure and composition were significantly different between As amended and unamended plots, as well as between the flooding treatments. Proteobacteria was the predominant phylum detected in most treatments with relative abundance of 24-29%. The relative abundance of iron-reducing bacteria was higher with the continuous flood compared to the intermittent-flood treatment, implying greater relative iron reduction and possibly As release from the iron oxides under the continuously flooded conditions. These differences in rhizosphere-microbial communities may have contributed to the lower pore-water arsenic concentrations in the intermittently flooded conditions.     

水稻根际氮素状况及其利用

A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted with hybrid rice(Oryza Sativa L.) in order to study N Status and utilization in the rhizosphere of rice,The experiment was composed of three treatments:without N,15NH4-N and 15NO3-N .Plant roots were separated from the soil by a nylon cloth,and 1 mm increments of soil,moving laterally away from the roots,were taken and analyzed for various N froms.The labelled N in the plants ranged from 67\51%to 69.24% of the total amount of N absorbed by the rice seedlings with the labelled fertilizer N treatments.This shows that the N in the Plants came mainly from the fertilizers.However,the N absorbed by the rice seedlings accounted for less than 35% of the total amount of the N depletion in the soil near the rice roots,indicating an important N loss in the rhizosphere of rice.The soil redox potential(all treatments)and the concentration of the labelled NO3-N(the labelled NH4-N treatment only) decreased as the distance from the rice roots increased in the rhizosphere of rice.In contrast,the concentration of the labelled NH4-N increased as the distance uincreased in the same soil zone.These results suggested that nifrification occurred in the soil around the rice roots.Therefore,the reason for the N loss in the rhizosphere of rice might be the NO3 movement into the reductive non-rhizosphere soil(submerged) where denitrification can take place.     

农林复合杨树土壤养分的根际效应

用对比试验的方法,研究农林复合中杨树+留兰香、杨树+小麦、杨树+红薯和杨树纯林4种林地的杨树生长量、林地土壤物理性状和土壤养分以及杨树和间作物养分的根际效应。结果表明:1)杨树+留兰香林地的杨树生长量明显小于对照,显著小于杨树+小麦和红薯林地;2)间作林地的土壤物理性状、土壤pH值、非根际土壤养分不是影响杨树生长的关键因素,而根际土壤养分及根际效应的变化对杨树生长有直接影响;3)在杨树根际土壤中,杨树+小麦和红薯林地杨树根际土壤养分质量分数均高于对照;杨树+留兰香林地的杨树根际土壤有机质和速效磷质量分数高于对照,速效钾和速效氮质量分数则低于对照,而留兰香的根际养分质量分数除速效氮外均高于小麦和红薯;4)从养分的根际效应来看,杨树+留兰香林地杨树的养分根际效应值除有机质外小于对照并小于留兰香,杨树+小麦林地杨树的养分根际效应值除速效磷外均大于对照并大于小麦,杨树+红薯林地杨树的养分根际效应值除速效磷外均小于对照,除速效氮外均大于红薯。     

Nitrification of ammonium in different components of a flooded rice soil system

Nitrification associated with the various components [subsurface soil from unplanted and planted (rhizosphere) fields, standing water and surface soil from planted and unplanted fields and leaf sheath suspensions] of submerged rice paddies was examined in incubation experiments with solutions inoculated with soil or water samples. Substantial nitrification occurred in all samples, standing water and surface soil samples in particular, during their 40-day incubation with NH ₄ ⁺ –N. Almost all the NH ₄ ⁺ –N, disappeared during incubation with standing water, was recovered as NO _inf3 ^sup- –N. This, compared to 70–80% from all soil samples and only 29% from leaf sheath suspensions. Significant loss of nitrogen, especially from leaf sheath suspensions, is probably due to nitrification-denitrification as evidenced by its complete recovery in the presence of N-Serve. Nitrification potential of the soil and water samples varied with the crop growth stage and was more pronounced at tillering and panicle inititation stages than at other stages. Nitrification potential of samples from green-manure-amended plots was distinctly less than that of samples from control and urea-amended plots. Most probable number (MPN) estimates of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria were always higher in surface soil in both planted and unplanted plots at all stages of crop growth.Dedicated to Professor J. C. G. Ottow on the occasion of his 60th birthday     

复合污染土壤中水稻根际元素特性及效应研究

【目的】以广东大宝山重金属复合污染农田为生长介质,通过研究水稻不同部位生长量、 金属含量、 对金属的富集系数,及其与根际、 非根际土金属含量、 形态变化的相关关系,探讨根际效应可能对水稻体内金属积累转运以及生物量的影响。【方法】选取了广东大宝山稻田重金属复合污染(As、 Pb、 Fe、 Cu、 Zn)土壤及当地常见的20个水稻品种进行根际袋试验,即将根际袋内的土视为根际土,根际袋外的土视为非根际土,将供试水稻品种种植于根际袋土壤中60天后收获,测定水稻各部位的生长量、 不同金属的含量,根际土和非根际土中各金属有效态的含量。【结果】Fe、 Cu、 Pb、 Zn、 As在根部的富集系数均大于其在茎叶的富集系数,各金属在茎叶和根部的富集能力排序分别为Zn Cu As ≈ Pb ≈ Fe和Fe Zn As Cu Pb。根际土和非根际土中各种金属有效态含量均为Fe Cu Pb Zn As。研究还发现,有效态Fe、 Cu和Zn浓度对整株干重的影响显著,作用强弱顺序为Cu Zn Fe,对水稻生长影响作用显著的三种有效态金属Fe、 Cu和Zn均为植物生长所必需的元素。供试土壤中有效态Cu浓度对水稻的生长所起的作用最强。根际土有效态Fe浓度对根系Fe的积累作用效果显著,有效态As浓度显著抑制了根系Fe的积累,且有效态As浓度的作用强于有效态Fe。【结论】根际土中有效态Fe对株高、 根干重、 茎叶干重和整株干重均起着抑制作用,有效态Cu对水稻生长起到了促进作用。根际土有效态As和非根际土有效态Zn对根部Fe的积累起到了抑制作用,根际土有效态Fe和非根际土有效态Cu则起到了促进作用。非根际土有效态Fe和有效态Zn对水稻根长的增加均起到了促进作用。     

Bt-transgenic rice straw affects the culturable microbiota and dehydrogenase and phosphatase activities in a flooded paddy soil

There have been few investigations of the possible effects of genetically engineered plants on the microbiota and enzyme activities in flooded soil. We studied the influence of the transgenic rice KeMingDao (KMD) straw on the culturable microbiota and enzymatic activities in a flooded paddy soil under laboratory conditions. KMD contained a synthetic cry1Ab gene from Bacillus thuringiensis under the control of a maize ubiquitin promoter and linked in tandem with the gusA and hpt genes. The results showed that there were only some occasional significant differences (P<0.05) in the number of Colony forming units of aerobic bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi and in the number of anaerobic fermentative bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria, and methanogenic bacteria between the paddy soil amended with Bt-transgenic rice straw and with the non-Bt parental rice straw during the early stages of incubation. From d14 to d84 there were significant increases (P<0.05) in soil dehydrogenase and soil neutral phosphatase activity in soils amended with rice straw compared to soil without added straw. The dehydrogenase activity was significantly greatly (almost 1.95-fold) in soil amended with Bt-transgenic straw from d7 to d14 but from d21 to d49 there was significantly greater activity (about 1.47-fold) in the soil amended with non-Bt-straw. There were no apparent differences between the activity of soil neutral phosphatase in the soils to which non-Bt-straw and Bt-straw had been added. However, both soils to which rice straws were added demonstrated significant differences in the number of microorganisms except for aerobic bacteria and enzymatic activities with respect to the control soil throughout the incubation. The above results indicated that the Bt-straw from KMD transgenic rice is not toxic to a variety of culturable microorganisms in the studied flooded paddy soil.     

黑土根际土壤有机碳及结构对长期施肥的响应

由于人类农业措施的干扰,氮肥和畜禽粪污大量输入到黑土中,对土壤有机碳库产生了较大负面影响。根际有机碳在调控土壤碳循环和养分转化中发挥着重要的作用。探明根际有机碳对不同养分的生态响应,可为不同施肥处理下黑土农田生态系统碳固持和农田可持续利用提供理论依据。该研究以黑土长期定位试验为基础,采集长期不施肥（CK）、常量氮（N）、二倍量氮（N2）、常量有机肥（M）、二倍量有机肥（M2）、常量有机肥+常量氮（MN）、二倍量有机肥+二倍量氮（M2N2）7个处理下大豆根际土壤,分析了根际有机碳和活性有机碳特征,同时利用固态核磁共振技术分析其光谱特征。结果表明,N、M2、MN和M2N2处理的根际土壤有机碳含量显著高于非根际水平,且以MN和M2N2处理的根际效应最显著,分别比非根际增加了18.3%和26.7%。分析核磁共振光谱显示,与非根际土壤相比,根际土壤具有较高的烷氧基碳比例和较低芳香碳比例,表明根际效应能够改变土壤有机碳结构比例。与不施肥处理相比,大部分施肥处理提升了黑土根际有机碳含量,其中以氮肥马粪配施和二倍量马粪（M2N2）处理提升幅度最高。由核磁共振图谱可知,M2和M2N2处理均增加根际土壤难降解成分烷基碳比例、芳香基碳比例、烷基碳与烷氧基碳比值、芳香碳与总碳比值,而MN处理仅增加烷基碳比例、烷氧基碳比例以及烷基碳与烷氧基碳比值。二倍量氮肥（N2）处理降低烷基碳比例、芳香碳比例和烷氧基碳比例,根际土壤难降解成分降低,不利于土壤固碳,同时证明固态 13C-核磁共振技术结合半定量分析能够准确地分析不同有机碳结构组分变化,深刻认识根际土壤有机碳的稳定机制。     

水稻旱育壮秧的根际生态学特性分析

旱育秧是水稻高产栽培中的关键技术之一,具有省水、省种、省工、省肥、增产、早熟等特点。本研究采用大田试验,通过比较旱育秧与水育秧根际土壤生态因子及细菌群落多样性的变化,并结合地上部秧苗的形态特征,探讨旱育壮秧形成的根际生态学特性。研究结果表明,旱育方式下秧苗株高较水育秧苗矮32.31%,但植株地上部干重、根长、根干重、根冠比、白根数分别提高3.02%、21.99%、18.93%、15.10%、200.00%。根际土壤生态因子监测表明,旱育秧土壤含水量为15%~17%;与水育秧相比,土壤p H降低7.94%,电导率提高244.62%,温度上升2~3℃。旱育秧根际土壤中的磷酸单酯酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶、脱氢酶活性分别比水育秧高166.66%、518.85%、131.98%、102.70%、84.36%,但硝酸盐还原酶活性却下降72.95%,这有利于土壤物能转化,提高土壤养分的有效性,表现为土壤有机质、硝态氮、铵态氮、速效钾、有效磷含量分别比水育秧高89.27%、320.11%、56.95%、50.85%、184.75%。细菌16S r DNA测序表明旱育秧苗根际土壤细菌Chao1指数和香农指数显著高于水育秧。菌群分析发现,旱育栽培下变形菌门α-变形菌纲和γ-变形菌纲,拟杆菌门,绿弯菌门,硝化螺旋菌门,酸杆菌门,芽单胞菌门,浮霉菌门和放线菌门比例上升,而厚壁菌门,变形菌门β-变形菌纲的比例下降。对土壤细菌优势群落的功能分析发现,旱育秧能够显著促进根际与土壤养分转化密切相关的硝化细菌、固氮菌、氨氧化菌、光合细菌、解磷菌、解钾菌的繁殖。同时,旱育秧根际土壤中与根系生长密切相关的根际促生菌的数量也显著提高。可见,旱育秧栽培方式通过控制土壤中水分的含量,调控秧苗根际土壤p H、电导率和温度,改善土壤生态环境,增强了根际土壤中与营养转化循环相关的优势菌群的数量比例,进而有利于健壮秧苗的形成。