不同饲养方式对河北柴鸡产蛋末期生产性能和鸡蛋品质的影响

河北柴鸡属于优良的蛋肉兼用(偏重蛋用)型地方品种。其蛋黄颜色深，胆固醇含量低，属于营养价值较高的绿色食品。然而在规模化放养过程中，一些地区出现了产蛋末期生产性能下降，并且维持在一个较低水平(20％～30％)的问题，而饲料价格大幅上涨，造成了养殖户入不敷出，带来了严重的经济损失，使生产难以为继。此次试验旨在探讨“笼养 补草”和散养2种不同的饲养方式对河北柴鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响，在保证鸡蛋品质的前提下充分发挥河北柴鸡产蛋末期的生产潜力，为提高养鸡的经济效益提供参考依据。     

不同饲养方式对河北柴鸡产蛋末期生产性能和鸡蛋品质的影响

河北柴鸡，属于优良的蛋肉兼用(偏重蛋用)型地方品种。其蛋黄颜色深，胆固醇含量低。属于营养价值较高的绿色食品。然而在规模化放养过程中，一些地区出现了产蛋末期生产性能下降．并且维持在一个较低水平(20％～30％)的问题，而饲料价格大幅上涨．造成了养殖户入不敷出．带来了严重的经济损失，使生产难以为继。本试验旨在探讨“笼养 补草”和放养两种不同的饲养方式对河北柴鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响．在保证鸡蛋品质的前提下充分发掘河北柴鸡产蛋末期的生产潜力，为提高养鸡的经济效益提供参考数据。     

不同饲养方式对河北柴鸡产蛋末期生产性能和鸡蛋品质的影响

河北柴鸡,属于优良的蛋肉兼用(偏重蛋用)型地方品种。其蛋黄颜色深,胆固醇含量低,属于营养价值较高的绿色食品。然而在规模化放养过程中,一些地区出现了产蛋末期生产性能下降,并且维持在一个较低水平(20%￣30%)的问题,而饲料价格大幅上涨,造成了养殖户入不敷出,带来了严重的经济损失,使生产难以为继。本试验旨在探讨“笼养+补草”和放养两种不同的饲养方式对河北柴鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响,在保证鸡蛋品质的前提下充分发掘河北柴鸡产蛋末期的生产潜力,为提高养鸡的经济效益提供参考数据。1材料与方法1.1实验动物的选取与分组选取478日龄人…     

党参浸提剂对产蛋母鸡的效应初探

试验结果表明,试验组每鸡平均产蛋率比对照组提高10.3%,产蛋总重提高7.7%;料蛋比比对照组降低6.6%。说明饲粮中添加0.5%的党参浸提剂能够提高蛋鸡生产性能和经济效益。     

饲粮生物素水平对产蛋初期蛋鸭产蛋性能，蛋品质及卵巢发育指标的影响

为了确定蛋鸭产蛋初期生物素适宜添加水平,本试验研究了饲粮生物素水平对产蛋初期蛋鸭产蛋性能,蛋品质及卵巢发育指标的影响。试验采用单因子完全随机设计,将504羽健康、刚开产的福建龙岩麻鸭随机分为6个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复14羽。饲粮采用小麦-豆粕饲粮,基础饲粮中可利用生物素含量为0.055 mg/kg。饲粮生物素添加水平为:0、0.05、0.1、0.15、0.2、0.25 mg/kg,试验期为21天。记录产蛋性能,采集蛋样测定蛋品质。试验结果表明:生物素添加水平对产蛋初期产蛋性能及蛋品质影响不显著(P0.05)。但在生物素添加水平为0.15 mg/kg时,与未添加生物素组相比,产蛋率提高4.55%,日产蛋重增加1.98 g,料蛋比降低0.19。生物素添加水平为0.15 mg/kg时,蛋白高度及哈氏单位相比生物素未添加组有所下降,但未见显著差异(P0.05)。随饲粮生物素水平升高,蛋黄中甘油三酯含量有降低趋势(P=0.11)。生物素添加水平对产蛋初期蛋鸭卵巢发育指标无显著影响(P0.05)。生物素的添加一定程度上改善蛋鸭产蛋性能及蛋品质,并对对蛋禽脂类代谢有一定的调控作用。以生产性能为参考指标,产蛋初期蛋鸭生物素建议添加量为0.15 mg/kg。     

预防鸡产软壳蛋和薄壳蛋的简便方法

我们在笼养蛋鸡实践中,常发现一定数量的软壳蛋和薄壳蛋,在产蛋进入高峰前尤为严重,结果降低了生产效益。究其原因,主要是鸡的钙摄入量没有达到产蛋期的正常需要。笔者在饲养海兰商品代蛋鸡时,仔细观察了软壳蛋和薄壳蛋出现的规律,并认真查阅了有关资料,摸索出一种简便易行的预防方法,即单独补饲蛋壳粉、贝壳粉等,能收到明显的效果。     

笼养重产蛋鸭产蛋初期适宜磷水平的研究

在相同的饲养管理条件下，测定相同的基础日粮不同的有效磷水平0．32％，0．37％，0．43％，0．49％，0.55％的5种饲粮，对笼养重产蛋鸭产蛋初期生产性能的影响。结果表明：饲喂不同磷水平饲粮的5组试验鸭，试验2组的鸭产蛋率、日产蛋量、平均蛋重最高，软破蛋率最低，蛋壳厚度随着日粮磷水平的升高而逐渐降低；笼养蛋鸭重产蛋初期日粮的适宜有效磷水平为0．37％。     

不同补饲水平对草地放养河北柴鸡生长曲线拟合的影响研究

了解不同补饲水平下河北柴鸡的生长发育规律。运用Gompertz非线性模型对不同补饲水平放养河北柴鸡0～20周龄体重生长资料进行曲线拟合和分析。在自由采食条件下,河北柴鸡的生长极限生长量、拐点体重及最大日增重最大;限饲条件下,拐点周龄延长至10.1周,极限生长量、瞬时生长速度、拐点体重及最大日增重明显降低;前期自由采食,后期停止补饲鸡的体重呈现直线下降,极限生长量和拐点体重最低。运用Gompertz模型适宜拟合不同补饲水平河北柴鸡的生长曲线(R2>0.99),为制订河北柴鸡不同生长阶段的营养及补饲标准提供参考。     

大豆黄酮对余干乌骨鸡产蛋后期产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响

试验旨在研究大豆黄酮对余干乌骨鸡产蛋后期产蛋性能和蛋品质的作用。选择产蛋率相近的60周龄余干乌骨鸡180只,分为大豆黄酮组和对照组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只鸡。大豆黄酮组在基础饲粮中添加30g/t的大豆黄酮,对照组饲喂基础饲粮。试验共8周。结果表明:与对照组相比,大豆黄酮组的产蛋率提高了11.67%(P<0.05),料蛋比降低了8.1%(P<0.05);大豆黄酮组的哈氏单位提高了7.7%(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加30 g/t的大豆黄酮能提高余干乌骨鸡产蛋后期的产蛋性能和蛋品质。     

中药复方制剂对产蛋后期蛋鸡产蛋性能和激素水平的影响

为评价3种中药复方制剂对鸡产蛋后期产蛋性能和激素水平的影响,将200只400日龄罗曼商品蛋鸡随机分为4组,每组50只,以2 g/只中药复方制剂混饲30 d。结果显示:3个中药复方组产蛋量、蛋均重和产蛋率等指标均优于对照组,差异显著(P0.05),但各中药复方之间差异不显著(P0.05),中药复方Ⅱ组产蛋率极显著高于对照组(P0.01);各试验组一定程度上提高了血清中雌二醇(E2)和促卵泡素(FSH)等激素的含量。表明3个中药复方均可有效提高产蛋后期蛋鸡产蛋率和日产蛋量,降低料蛋比,提高经济效益,其中以中药复方Ⅱ组效果最好。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …