基于语音识别的蔬菜病害视频语义标注与分割方法

为了向农民提供蔬菜病害知识,基于语音识别技术设计了一种蔬菜病害视频标注与分割方法,可将科研机构录制的蔬菜病害视频分割成适合手机播放的小视频段落。在前期设计的视频镜头切分方法基础上,进一步设计出基于语音识别技术的视频语义标注及视频镜头聚类方法,即首先采用成熟的语音识别技术,将视频镜头的语音讲解识别为文本形式;进而基于本体对识别文本进行相应的语义处理,从中提取出能起到指示作用的关键语义实体,并将其恰当的组织形式作为视频镜头的语义标注;最终根据用户提供的关键词并结合视频镜头的语义标注,对视频镜头进行聚类和重组,从而实现对于蔬菜病害视频的最终分割。所设计的视频镜头语义标注方法对2个测试视频的查全率分别达到96.08%、94.93%,查准率分别达到94.31%、95.98%,F-1测度也分别达到0.93和0.92;视频镜头聚类方法使得2个视频的分割查全率分别达到94.9%、98.7%,查准率分别达到92.1%、90.2%,查全率平均大于95%,查准率大于90%。证明所设计的蔬菜病害视频标注与分割方法具有理论和实用价值。     

基于分层特征对齐网络的小样本马铃薯病害叶片检测

针对传统马铃薯病害叶片检测方法过度依赖大量训练数据以及对未知病害识别泛化性不强的问题,提出一种基于分层特征对齐网络的小样本马铃薯病害叶片检测模型。首先,收集并整理包含多种病害类型的弱标注马铃薯病害叶片数据集。其次,在支持分支中建立文本语义和视觉语义的多模态双层特征语义表示,并利用预训练网络生成多个候选框。再次,利用卷积神经网络将候选框区域映射到深度特征空间,并借助无参数的度量方法实现文本语义与视觉语义的特征对齐。最后,将查询分支中的未知类病害图片与多模态视觉和文本语义关联集进行度量计算,根据相似度值快速给出待测图片中未知新类的病害类别。通过在自建的马铃薯病害叶片数据集和开源数据集上进行测试,所提出模型分别可以实现93.55%和96.35%的识别精度,在跨域数据集上可以实现95.15%和94.06%的识别精度,优于当前经典的目标检测模型,具有一定的实际应用价值。     

基于K-means聚类和RF算法的葡萄霜霉病检测分级方法

针对自然环境复杂背景下葡萄霜霉病检测分级困难的问题,提出了一种基于语义分割结合K-means聚类和随机森林算法的葡萄霜霉病检测分级方法,实现对葡萄霜霉病快速分级。构建了葡萄霜霉病数据集,采用HRNet v2+OCR网络建立葡萄叶片语义分割模型,提取复杂环境下葡萄叶片;采用K-means聚类算法将葡萄叶片分解为若干子区域图像,并标记少量数据集进行随机森林算法学习,实现葡萄叶片病斑分割与提取;同时在叶片提取和病斑提取过程中,设计一种像素尺寸变换方法,解决图像分辨率引起的精度低问题。基于HRNet v2+OCR网络的葡萄叶片分割模型的准确率为98.45%,平均交并比为97.23%;融合K-means聚类和随机森林(RF)算法的葡萄叶片正面、反面和正反面霜霉病病害分级准确率分别为52.59%、73.08%和63.32%,病害等级误差小于等于2级时的病害分级准确率分别为88.67%、96.97%和92.98%。研究结果表明,基于K-means聚类和随机森林算法的葡萄霜霉病检测分级方法能够准确地分割自然环境复杂背景下的葡萄叶片和葡萄霜霉病病斑,并实现葡萄霜霉病分级,为葡萄霜霉病精准防治提供了方法和...     

基于对数相似度约束Otsu的自然场景病害果实图像分割

针对自然场景下,由于复杂背景以及多变环境,水果病害果实图像分割难的问题,提出了一种基于对数相似度约束Otsu和水平集活动轮廓的近椭圆形病害果实图像分割方法。考虑背景的复杂多变,提出对数相似度约束Otsu分割来区分病害果实与背景;由于水平集活动轮廓模型的局部最优性,提出采用自适应膨胀系数的改进距离规则水平集活动轮廓模型来精确演化轮廓。先对病害果实区域样本的颜色进行混合高斯建模,获得整个病害果实图像与样本模型的对数相似度;对对数相似度进行约束Otsu阈值分割以及形态学滤波;采用最小二乘法对滤波后的曲线轮廓进行椭圆拟合,对拟合后的椭圆采用自适应膨胀系数的距离规则水平集活动轮廓演化,得到病害果实完整轮廓。对18个不同场景的病害果实进行分割,平均误判率和漏判率分别为1.77%和1.6%,实验结果表明,该方法可以从复杂自然场景图像中分割出病害果实。     

基于多源图像融合的自然环境下番茄果实识别

蔬果采摘机器人面对的自然场景复杂多变,为准确识别和分割目标果实,实现高成功率采收,提出基于多源图像融合的识别方法。首先,针对在不同自然场景下单图像通道信息不充分问题,提出融合RGB图像、深度图像和红外图像的多源信息融合方法,实现了机器人能够适应自然环境中不同光线条件的番茄果实。其次,针对传统机器学习训练样本标注低效问题,提出聚类方法对样本进行辅助快速标注,完成模型训练;最终,建立扩展Mask R-CNN深度学习算法模型,进行采摘机器人在线果实识别。实验结果表明,扩展Mask R-CNN算法模型在测试集中的检测准确率为98.3%、交并比为0.916,可以满足番茄果实识别要求;在不同光线条件下,与Otsu阈值分割算法相比,扩展Mask R-CNN算法模型能够区分粘连果实,分割结果清晰完整,具有更强的抗干扰能力。     

面向蔬菜病虫害视频移动获取的网络互通网关设计

网络互通问题是限制移动视频获取的关键技术瓶颈,为解决此问题,在前期关于视频分割、压缩、标注、检索等一系列研究基础上,设计出面向移动视频获取的网络互通网关,最终实现蔬菜病虫害视频的移动获取。首先对视频电话网络和IP网络的网络协议3G-324M和H.323进行了详细分析。进而基于不同网络协议原理的分析,设计出3G-324M与H.323的互通网关,包括信令网关和媒体网关两部分:信令网关负责处理信令(信号),实现视频电话网与IP网络间呼叫层面和系统层面的控制和互通;媒体网关负责数据传输,实现视频电话网与IP网络间媒体和数据层面的控制和互通。最终基于前期的研究基础和本文设计的网络互通网关,构建了蔬菜病虫害知识视频移动获取模型,实现了蔬菜病虫害的视频移动获取。此外还对视频获取模型进行对比试验,通过与传统方法的比较,证明所设计的网络互通网关和移动视频获取模型具有理论和实用价值。     

基于CDSSM的作物病害处方推荐方法

作物病害诊断积累了大量电子处方数据,对电子处方数据二次利用,实现作物病害处方智能推荐是植保领域重要的研究内容。对此,本文构建基于CDSSM的作物病害处方推荐模型,实现多种类作物病害的诊断和处方推荐。基于病害标准知识库对作物病害处方数据进行筛选,并进行数据扩充,同时结合领域知识构建标准处方库;构建基于CDSSM的作物处方推荐模型,根据文本特征生成语义向量,计算语义向量的余弦距离,结合标准处方库完成融合地区、时间、作物种类、生长期等多个因素的处方精准推荐。从病害诊断、处方推荐、针对番茄病害处方推荐和不同输入对处方推荐的影响4方面展开结果分析,并与基于DSSM、DSSM-LSTM、Cosine、Jaccard、BM25的模型结果进行对比分析;结合实际应用需求设计并构建面向移动终端的作物病害处方推荐应用“处方宝”。结果表明,基于CDSSM的作物病害处方推荐模型病害诊断正确率为71%,处方推荐准确率为82%,优于其他5种作物病害处方推荐模型;针对番茄病害处方推荐准确率更高。本文构建的基于CDSSM的作物处方推荐模型可以满足实际应用需求,还能够进行病害种类的扩充,可以作为作物病害处方推荐的高效辅助...     

面向叶类蔬菜病害识别的温室监控视频采集系统

为满足温室叶类蔬菜病害准确识别的视频数据需求,结合温室叶类蔬菜病害发生的特点,采用物联网技术,基于传感器感知的环境信息与摄像机监控视频信息,构建了一种面向叶类蔬菜病害识别的温室监控视频采集系统。该系统将案例检索与模糊推理方法相结合,设计温室监控视频获取方法,将传感器实时采集的数据与知识库中的病害产生环境条件相匹配,以匹配结果作为视频采集的依据,实现了监控视频的智能采集;并利用模糊推理方法,弥补案例检索结果不够全面的问题,确保了数据的准确获取。同时,该系统还提供了实时数据显示、实时视频监控等功能。系统应用结果表明,该系统能够满足温室叶类蔬菜病害识别的视频数据需求。     

基于X-ray和RGB图像融合的实蝇侵染柑橘无损检测

实蝇侵染柑橘流入市场会造成巨大的经济损失,因此需要在商品化处理阶段对其全面筛除。针对柑橘在实蝇侵染早期没有明显外部特征,人工抽样检测效率低、筛除难的问题,探索了在生产线上同时搭载农业X光机与RGB相机进行无损检测的可行性,提出了基于X-ray(X光)和RGB图像的多模态数据融合方法,建立了CNN-LSTM检测模型,实现了实蝇侵染柑橘高精度无损检测。模拟了柑橘在生产线上滚动并被拍摄6幅X-ray和RGB序列图像的过程,构建了实蝇侵染柑橘的多源数据集,融合了不同模态的实蝇侵染特征信息,提升了实蝇侵染柑橘检测模型的检测能力,并对比了ResNet18-LSTM、GoogleNet-LSTM、SqueezeNet-LSTM、MobileNetV2-LSTM轻量化检测模型,验证了多模态数据融合方法的有效性。研究结果表明,提出的多模态数据融合实蝇侵染柑橘方法比单模态检测方法检测性能更加优异,其中ResNet18-LSTM检测准确率最高,多模态的图像融合和特征融合方法检测准确率分别达到97.3%和95.7%,单模态X-ray和RGB检测方法准确率分别为93.2%和89.3%。本研究可为实蝇侵染柑橘在线...     

植株点云超体聚类分割方法

针对传统的超体聚类分割对植株存在过分割率高、实时性差的问题,提出一种融合显著性特征图的超体聚类分割方法。首先,采用Kinect V2实时获取目标植株的彩色图像和深度图像,将RGB彩色空间图像转换为CIELab彩色空间图像,计算每个像素的显著性特征值,获取彩色特征图,并融合亮度特征图和方向特征图构建显著性特征图;然后,将显著性特征图和深度图像同步对齐,获得显著性点云,八叉树网格初始化点云,并通过Mean-Shift算法获取满足概率密度阈值的网格点云,取最大概率密度点作为种子点,基于点对之间的欧氏距离和特征相似度作为区域生长相似性准则,生成超体素块;最后,通过LCCP算法对显著性点云进行聚类分割。实验结果表明,改进的显著性超体聚类分割方法可以大幅提高目标前景分割的准确性和快速性,有效克服背景噪声和离群点。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。