释放智利小植绥螨防治云豆上神泽氏叶螨的初步研究

本文讨论释放智利小植绥螨 (Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henrion)防治云豆上神泽氏叶螨(Tetranychus kanzawai Kishide)的效果。从结果可见:(1)塑料棚内释放智利小植绥螨防治云豆上叶螨效果迅速明显。(2)大田播种云豆释放同一数量的智利小植绥螨,以早期叶螨密度低时防治效果显著,达96％以上,又可节省释放螨数量。后期气温高。叶螨繁殖快,防治效果达88％左右.(3)盆播云豆释放不同数量的智利小植绥螨,益、害比例以1:10、1:20、1:30、1:40释放,经7天后叶螨虫口下降90％以上;益、害比例以1:50、1:60的释放,叶螨虫口下降85％左右。     

智利小植绥螨大量繁殖与低温贮藏的研究

水文研究智利小植绥螨 Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriat 大量繁殖与低温贮藏。结果表明:一、利用早春草莓上的叶螨作为繁殖基地,繁殖了大量的智利小植绥螨,供释放田间之用,消灭叶螨初期发生的为害;4～10月分期盆播云豆与不同栖息植物季节性衔接繁殖叶螨与智利小植绥螨;越冬繁殖保种,用塑料小拱棚繁殖叶螨与智利小植绥螨与贮藏相结合可提供早春螨种。二、低温贮藏,将益、害螨分别放于4℃、8℃低温下冰箱贮藏16～48天,能延缓其生长发育,达到保种和积累数量待急时需用。     

智利小植绥螨防治大棚草莓二斑叶螨试验初报

二斑叶螨是上海地区温室大棚草莓上的重要害虫之一。研究了释放智利小植绥螨防治大棚草莓上二斑叶螨的效果。结果表明,释放智利小植绥螨对草莓二斑叶螨有显著抑制作用,防治效果十分明显。以300头/m2的释放量释放智利小植绥螨14 d后,防效可达99.66%,比5%噻螨酮EC 2 000倍液处理高33.45百分点,释放量为100头/m214 d后的防效也达到了60.24%。且智利小植绥螨具有较大的探索能力,在释放区将害螨捕食完毕后,能迅速扩散到邻近的有害螨的区域继续捕食。     

捕食螨与杀螨剂防治草莓二斑叶螨及杀螨剂安全性研究

为筛选对草莓上二斑叶螨控制效果较好的捕食螨,以及对二斑叶螨毒力较强而对捕食螨安全性较高的杀螨剂,通过测定智利小植绥螨、巴氏新小绥螨、加州新小绥螨对二斑叶螨的捕食能力,测定阿维菌素、联苯肼酯、丁氟螨酯、乙螨唑和螺螨酯对二斑叶螨的毒力以及对其雌成螨日均产卵量的影响,分析比较了供试的5种杀螨剂对3种捕食螨的毒力、选择性毒力和安全性。结果表明,3种捕食螨对二斑叶螨均有较强的捕食能力,智利小植绥螨表现最为突出,其对二斑叶螨螨卵、若螨和成螨的捕食能力值分别为23.69、25.92、9.14。在供试杀螨剂中,螺螨酯对二斑叶螨的毒力较高,联苯肼酯对其产卵量的影响较大;联苯肼酯、丁氟螨酯、螺螨酯对智利小植绥螨,联苯肼酯、螺螨酯对巴氏新小绥螨,螺螨酯对加州新小绥螨的毒力低于其对二斑叶螨的毒力。本研究得出智利小植绥螨对二斑叶螨的捕食能力强、螺螨酯对二斑叶螨的毒力较高且对智利小植绥螨较安全的结果,可为防治实践提供参考。     

联合应用智利小植绥螨与丁氟螨酯防治草莓二斑叶螨

本文研究了新型杀螨剂丁氟螨酯对叶螨天敌智利小植绥螨的毒性、对智利小植绥螨繁殖的影响以及两者联合应用对草莓二斑叶螨的防治效果。结果表明,丁氟螨酯对智利小植绥螨的毒性很低,即使在400 mg/L的高浓度下,智利小植绥螨的死亡率仍然低于35%,对雌、雄成螨的LC₅₀分别为669.4 mg/L和456.4 mg/L。施用丁氟螨酯后,丁氟螨酯对智利小植绥螨成螨存活率影响无显著差异。田间试验表明单独使用智利小植绥螨和联合使用智利小植绥螨与丁氟螨酯,两周内对草莓二斑叶螨的防治效果都在90%以上,明显好于单独使用丁氟螨酯。相比于单独使用智利小植绥螨的生物防治区,联合防治区的防治效果更好,28 d时仍高于95%。因此,智利小植绥螨与丁氟螨酯联合应用防治草莓叶螨效果更佳。     

应用智利小植绥螨防治温室一串红上二斑叶螨的试验

1983年12月到1984年4月间在北京中山公园温室盆栽花卉(一串红)上成功地进行了释放智利小植绥螨(Phytoseiulus persimilis A.H.)防治二斑叶螨(Tetranychus urticae Koch)的试验。按益、害螨1:10或1:20的比例分别释放两次。每隔7—10天检查一次,释放后3—4周叶螨数显著下降,以后一直维持在大约每叶1头以下。对照区在叶螨高峰期每叶平均126头。施药区虽经6次农药防治,在高峰期平均每叶叶螨112头。释放区花卉色泽和花朵大小也较对照区和施药区的显著为好。     

应用智利小植绥螨防治温室花卉叶螨

上:释放智利小植绥螨防治一串红上的叶螨效果:释放区比施药区及对照区的花卉长势好。     

智利小植绥螨防治蔬菜叶螨

智胜小植绥螨已在兵库、高知、和歌山各县进行繁殖;兵库县作为防治草莓叶螨的主要措施,每日可捕食叶螨成螨2—3头,若螨10—20头,释放三周后可将害螨吃光。以每叶发生叶螨3—5头为释放期,释放量的益害螨比例为1:50—100。释放前后应注意农药的使用,植绥螨对有机磷农药抗性弱,而对杀螨剂和杀菌剂(除硫制剂外)抗性较强。     

球孢白僵菌对二斑叶螨的致病性和对天敌智利小植绥螨的间接影响

二斑叶螨是世界性害螨,为害多种经济作物和蔬菜.为明确球孢白僵菌和捕食螨联合应用防控二斑叶螨的可行性,本文测定了不同浓度球孢白僵菌GZGY-1-3孢子悬浮液对二斑叶螨的致病力,并用喷施球孢白僵菌16h、24h、36h和48h后的二斑叶螨分别饲喂智利小植绥螨,测定智利小植绥螨连续两代的致死率、生长发育及繁殖力变化.结果表明...     

智利小植绥螨商品化生产与应用

智利小植绥螨Phytoseiulus persimilis是叶螨的专食性捕食者，国内外用于防治叶螨的重要天敌。本文总结了智利小植绥螨产品研发背景、商品化生产与保存、单独及与其他防治方法的协调应用等，对智利小植绥螨产品的应用技术进行了展望，以推动国内智利小植绥螨产业化得到更大发展。     

西方盲走螨防治苹果树叶螨的研究

通过室内个体饲养观察,明确西方盲走螨捕食山楂叶螨和李始叶螨生长发育情况良好。1983～1985年,兰州田间试验表明:5月下旬到6月中旬,根据苹果树的不同树龄和叶螨的虫口基数,以1:36～64的益、害比,每株释放西方盲走螨雌成螨350～2,750头,经过45～60天,释放树上山楂叶螨和李始叶螨的种群数量发展缓慢,渐趋衰亡,达到完全控制。释放西方盲走螨不仅当年控制李始叶螨为害,可减少用药3～4次;其效果可持续两年。     

利用腹管食螨瓢虫控制柑桔全爪螨的研究

本文报道分布于中国东南部的腹管食螨瓢虫Stethorus siphonulus Kapur大面积控制柑桔全爪螨Panonychus citri(McGregor)首获成功;试验示范面积2000多亩,证明保护食螨瓢虫,一般株有瓢虫20—40只者,可无需用药。在春季移殖散放食螨瓢虫,除能控制春季桔全爪螨外,尚可继续控制桔全爪螨的秋季种群,全年无需喷药防治。倘若单独在秋梢期散放食螨瓢虫,秋梢害螨亦可得到显著的控制。移殖散放食螨瓢虫的指标为叶平均有桔全爪螨(包含卵在内各虫态)10只以上,方能建立起瓢虫群落。一般30—40亩果园,只需集中在10株桔树上散放食螨瓢虫200只左右(每株20只),短期内即可繁殖扩散至全园。在大面积桔园,适时进行瓢虫转株再移殖,可以迅速扩大控制范围。     

君子兰上粉蚧的发生和释放隐唇瓢虫防治试验

在北京地区君子兰上粉蚧全年均有发生,为害严重,7、8、9月是盛发期。自8月15日至10月24日,分8次释放隐唇瓢虫2～3龄幼虫,每盆累计释放63头;11月14日检查,结果释放区比对照区每叶蚧虫数减少87.9％,每株卵囊减少75％、“蚧堆”减少91.2％。释放瓢虫抑制虫口后再施敌敌畏的综合效果比单施敌敌畏好。每株卵囊减少72.7％,“蚧堆”减少86.1％。因此,在8～9月应用隐唇瓢虫压低粉蚧种群的基础上,辅以一次药剂防治,减少了用药次数,达到最大程度的控制粉蚧虫口。     

Testing banker plants for biological control of mites on roses

We tested whether plant species used in a banker plant system influence the success of a biological control program with predatory mites. Banker plants (BP) may sustain a reproducing population of predators and provide long-term pest suppression. In an experiment lasting 12 weeks, we analyzed the responses of the predatory mite Amblyseius californicus and the pest mite Tetranychus urticae to eight species of potential BP with different morphological structures. Every BP was paired with a rose plant and infested with pest and predatory mites. The measured parameters were vitality and growth of the plants and numbers of predators, pests and their eggs. Reproduction and establishment of the pest and predatory mites differed among plant species as well as plant growth and vitality. Vitis riparia and Viburnum tinus were the most efficient BP in this combination of pest–predator species. Their presence resulted in best health of the rose crops, highest number of predatory mites and lowest number of pests. Both these BP possess domatia which may be responsible for the efficiency in hosting predatory mites. Overall, the species which fulfilled the requirements of a BP best was the local shrub V, tinus, which bore no pests and a very large number of predators and has a compact growth form suited for application in greenhouses. Although our study gives only evidence for an artificial system with a high BP:crop ratio, high numbers of introduced predators and short distances between plants, this study contributes to knowledge of BP systems and to improve the understanding of the criteria for the choice of local plant species to be used as BP for biological control in IPM.     

Biological control of aphids on capsicum1

During four growing periods from 1986 to 1989, biological pest control on capsicum was investigated in glasshouses under practical conditions. Aphids, mainly Myzus persicae, caused the most serious pest problems. As biological control agents, the commercially available predatory gall midge Aphidoletes aphidimyza and the green lacewing Chrysoperla curnea were used. Both these natural enemies were released according to the recommendations of the producers. For the releases of the gall midges, small peat samples containing the pupae of the predator were placed at a few spots in the glasshouse (1–2 pupae per m²). The lacewings were introduced as eggs on small mesh-pieces which were placed on every second plant (10–20 eggs per m²). In these experiments, control of the aphid populations was effective only if the two predators were introduced early and were released several times. During the summer, other natural enemies such as parasitic wasps, syrphids, ladybirds and predatory bugs immigrated from outdoors and enhanced the biological control of aphids.     

Pest control by predators and parasites Biological control of the two-spotted spider mite(tetranychus urticae) in apple orchards by inundative releases of the predatory mitephytoseiulus persimilis — a feasibility study

The feasibility of controlling the two-spotted spider mite in apple orchards by inundative releases of the phytoseiid predatorPhytoseiulus persimilis, was studied in a field trial in northern Israel. Half a million predators released per acre, maintained high populations forca 2 months until the spider mite population dropped below the economic threshold.P. persimilis demonstrated a dispersal capacity of at least 90 m from its original release site. The ability of the predator to switch to alternative prey (the European red mite) and the economic feasibility of this non-chemical approach to spider mite control, are discussed.     

Pest control by predators and parasites

The feasibility of controlling the two-spotted spider mite in apple orchards by inundative releases of the phytoseiid predatorPhytoseiulus persimilis, was studied in a field trial in northern Israel. Half a million predators released per acre, maintained high populations forca 2 months until the spider mite population dropped below the economic threshold.P. persimilis demonstrated a dispersal capacity of at least 90 m from its original release site. The ability of the predator to switch to alternative prey (the European red mite) and the economic feasibility of this non-chemical approach to spider mite control, are discussed.     

陕西玉米害螨的发生与生态控制对策

陕西玉米害螨有３种,截形叶螨Ｔｅｔｒａｎｙｃｈｕｓ ｔｒｉｕｎｃａｔｕｓＥｈａｒａ为优势各。在关 灌区年发生１２－１３代,陕南１３－１４代,陕北９－１０代,以雌成螨越冬,３月下至４月安开始产卵,５月底至６月初迁入春播玉米田,６月下至７月初迁改夏播玉米田,７月中至８月下是为害高峰关键时期害螨在玉米植株上垂直分布具有明显的层次性,以中部密度最大,玉米播种早、长势差、种植密度小,田间天敌少及７－８月极高     

Residual toxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin on apple foliage toAmblyseius fallacis and the tarnished plant bug,Lygus lineolaris

The residual toxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin on leaves from a treated apple orchard to a mite predator,Amblyseius fallacis (Garman), in the laboratory, declined to one-third of its original level within 3 weeks. The absence ofA. fallacis on apple trees during the pink bud stage coupled with the results of this study pave the way for the development of integrated pest management strategies where key pre-bloom pests, such as the tarnished plant bug,Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), may be controlled with lambda-cyhalothrin with little if any toxic effects to the predator later in the season. Two years of field testing indicated that 10 g a.i./ha of lambda-cyhalothrin applied at pink was very effective against the tarnished plant bug.