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利用海藻发酵产沼气是开发海岛生物质能源的有效途径张向文(福建省平潭县农村能源办公室350400)本文介绍利用海藻发酵产沼气的主要技术要点。在缺能的沿海岛县,就地取材,用海藻为原料,制取沼气,具有工艺简单、投资小、效益高的优点,是开辟新的沼气发酵原料,... 相似文献
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湖北省是一个资源较贫乏,能源短缺的省份,能源自给率低,煤炭储量少,需求量大。生物质能源作为可再生能源的重要组成部分,其在替代能源、环境保护、减少碳排放、促进农民增效方面具有重要作用。文章分析湖北省能源结构的现状,指出了生物质能源发展的潜力及紧迫性;同时结合当地特色,介绍了几种适合湖北省开发利用的生物质能源,并对湖北省生物质能源市场发展的制约因素进行了简要分析,旨在促进湖北省能源结构调整,提高公众能源环境意识,为解决湖北省能源短缺问题做出贡献。 相似文献
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以农作物秸秆等廉价资源为原料,与废弃生物质处理相结合,采用厌氧发酵法制取氢气的技术具有很大的潜力和发展空间.为此,论述了发酵法生物制氢领域的研究进展,分别对产氢相关的酶、发酵类型、氢酶基因的研究以及废弃生物质制氢技术进行了介绍,分析了发酵制氢的可行性,并对目前存在的问题进行了总结和展望. 相似文献
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能源草酶解光合生物制氢实验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用王草、象草、柳枝稷、紫花苜蓿这4种常见能源草的纤维素酶酶解液作为产氢底物,对其光合生物制氢性能进行了实验研究,以累积产氢量和产氢速率为考察指标,对比了不同类型能源草的产氢能力,并利用修正的Gompertz方程对产氢过程进行回归分析,验证了能源草作为光合制氢原料的技术可行性。结果表明,当产氢工艺条件为光合细菌接种量30%、温度30℃、光照度2 000 lx、发酵时间120 h时,紫花苜蓿产氢性能最好,王草次之,而象草和柳枝稷的产氢性能较差。王草、象草、柳枝稷和紫花苜蓿的累积产氢量分别为75.3、27.2、26.1和81.6 m L,最大产氢速率分别为7.83、3.5、4.33、14.75 m L/(h·L)。 相似文献
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为了克服产氢发酵和产甲烷发酵都存在的能源转换效率低这一瓶颈,实验将产氢发酵和产甲烷发酵进行联合,以牛粪为原料,进行产氢产甲烷联合发酵产能效率的研究,以期提升整体厌氧生物处理的产能效率;在产氢发酵阶段,通过调节pH值至5.0,抑制产甲烷菌、中断产甲烷过程的手段来实现产氢发酵,使其在产生氢气的同时生成小分子有机酸及醇类等有机物,当产氢发酵结束后,将产氢余液提供给产氢产乙酸菌和产甲烷菌进行产甲烷发酵,使小分子有机酸及醇类等物质继续代谢生成甲烷;结果显示牛粪产氢产甲烷联合发酵的能源转换效率为28.15%,明显高于牛粪产氢发酵的(9.76%)以及牛粪单独产甲烷发酵的(25.8%);结果表明本实验所建立的产氢产甲烷联合发酵模式能显著提升传统厌氧生物处理的能源转换效率。 相似文献
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在简要回顾湖北省农村沼气事业发展历程和沼气建设示范地区成功经验的基础上,通过对发展基于沼气的生物质能源对改善农村居民生产、生活用能结构和效果分析,揭示了基于沼气的生物质能源技术将成为社会主义新农村建设的基础性技术条件。对发展农村沼气事业的阻滞因素进行剖析,提出了促进农村生物质能源发展动力机制和政策诱导措施。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明:该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献