两种草坪草抗寒特性及其超氧化物歧化酶的作用

采用电导法测定抗寒锻炼过程中不同类型草坪草低温处理后电解质透出率的变化,并拟合Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ方程求出ＬＴ５０;抗寒锻炼过程中,随着处理温度的下降,早熟禾电解质透出率缓慢升高,表现出较强的抗寒性。     

赤霉素处理后燕麦膜透性在低温条件下的变化

采用电导法对赤霉素（ＧＡ３）处理后燕麦膜透性的变化情况进行研究，对１０个燕麦品种（系）抗寒性进行比较。两种浓度ＧＡ３处理其电解质透出率相对较低。０ｍｇ／Ｌ浓度与１００ｍｇ／Ｌ、２５０ｍｇ／Ｌ浓度处理间差异极显著。ＧＡ３使燕麦叶片电解质透出率降低，对燕麦膜透性有稳定作用。不同燕麦品种（系）对ＧＡ３的反应敏感程度不同。本次实验中ＧＡ３作用的持续时间较长。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病Vero细胞弱毒疫苗免疫效果的研究

鸡传染性法氏囊病（ＩＢＤ）Ｖｅｒｏ细胞弱毒疫苗（ＶＣＶ９０１）病毒滴度为１０￣（７．３）～１０￣（８．３）ＴＣＩＤ＿（５０）／０．０５ｍｌ．疫苗经皮下、肌内、点眼－滴鼻和口服途径免疫接种雏鸡，均表现出良好的免疫原性。皮下接种１４日龄雏鸡，免疫后８、１４和２１天攻毒，保护数分别为２／６、６／６５／６，如在３５日龄再加强免疫一次，于二免后７０天和１１５天攻毒．其保护数分别为６／６和５／６．疫苗的最小免疫剂量为１０￣５ＴＣＩＤ＿（５０）／只，用１０、５０和１００培免疫剂量免疫雏鸡，临床表现均安全，不影响雏鸡增重．经易感雏鸡连传５代，疫苗毒力不返强．温苗在－２０℃～－２５℃至少保存一年，在０℃可保存一周，疫苗对鸡无致瘤性．     

碱茅属植物抗盐性与抗盐机制的研究进展

本文主要概括了甘肃草原生态研究所的有关研究结果认为：碱茅（Ｐｕｃｃｉｎｅｌｌｉａｔｅｎｕｉｆｌｏｒａ）种子萌动（相对发芽率达５０％）时的硫酸盐盐渍度２．５～２．７ｇ／１００ｍｌ，ＮａＣｌ为１．６～１．８ｇ／１００ｍｌ，Ｎａ２ＣＯ３为０．９～１．２ｇ／１００ｍｌ。碱茅的抗盐机制为：（１）对Ｎａ＋、Ｋ＋的选择性吸收与运输；（２）渗透调节适应；（３）合成积累有机物质的保护作用等多途径。小花碱茅叶片无盐腺组织，纠正了将其划为泌盐植物的观点。在灌溉条件下建植的Ｐ．ｔｅｎｕｉｆｌｏｒａ－Ｐ．ｃｈｉｎａｍｐｏｅｎｓｉｓ草地，有改良耕层土壤的作用，土壤盐分的下移灌水起主导作用；减少返积盐（向上返盐），草起主要作用。     

怀头他拉山羊绒纤维物理性状测定

测定了怀头他拉乡本地山羊和辽宁绒山羊♂×本地羊♂的Ｆ＿１、Ｆ＿２及互交一代羊的绒纤维物理性状。测定结果：实际绒毛比例，本地羊平均为４５：５５，Ｆ＿１、Ｆ＿２及互交一代羊平均为６３：３７；山羊绒自然长度在３．９２─６．４８ｃｍ间，伸直长度平均７．０２ｃｍ（６．０１─８．５９ｃｍ），绒纤维细度平均１３．９９μｍ（１２．９５─１５．２７μｍ），强力平均４．７２ＣＮ（３．８５─６．０５ＣＮ），伸度平均３８．０５％（２５．４２％─４４．８９％）；净绒率平均６２．１２％（４８．３％─７６．１４％），其中，本地羊平均６０．５８％（４８．３％─６９．５４％），Ｆ＿１、Ｆ＿２及互交一代羊平均６２．５１％（５３．６３％─７６．１４％）。结果表明，怀头他拉山羊绒品质优良。     

双波长光度法测定饲料中钙

本文提出了饲料中钙的测定的新方法，试验表明，在ｐＨ１０．５～１１．５的氨－氯化铵缓冲介质中，钙与三溴偶氮胂形成稳定的紫色配合物，在波长６０５ｎｍ处有最大吸收，表现摩尔吸光系数ε＿（６０５）＝２．３×１０￣４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ￣（－１）·ｃｍ￣（－１），检测的线性范围为５～６５μｇ／５０ｍｌ。进一步利用双波长光度法可使方法灵敏度提高到ε＿（４９０～６０５）＝３．５×１０￣４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ￣（－１）·ｃｍ￣（－１）。本方法用于饲料样品的测定，结果与国家标准法相符，并明显优于ＥＤＴＡ配位滴定法。     

鸭瘟、鸭霍乱紧急防治措施研究

对鸭瘟、鸭霍乱紧急防治措施作了系列研究，结果表明：鸭瘟、鸭霍乱多价卵黄抗体对１００个ＬＤ５０鸭瘟强毒和８．３个Ｃ４８－１强毒菌的攻击具有１００％（８／８只）中和能力，对鸭瘟强毒（１００个ＬＤ５０）和Ｃ４８－１（８．３个）攻毒后５～６小时注射４倍稀释卵黄抗体２．０ｍｌ／只，具有１００％（６／６只）保护（口服有８３．３％保护）；分别以正常量和５倍量的鸭瘟弱毒苗免疫２月龄鸭，５～６小时后攻鸭瘟强毒，结果无一存活，鸭瘟弱毒苗和鸭瘟－禽霍乱二联活苗免疫后３天，对１００个ＬＤ５０鸭瘟强毒攻击获５０％（３／６）保护，７天获８３．３％（５／６）保护。Ａ群菌苗免疫后６天对Ｃ４８－１攻击获６６．７％（４／６只）保护，１２天获１００％保护。鸭瘟－禽霍乱二联活苗免疫后３天对Ｃ４８－１攻击获３３．３％（２／６）保护，７天获８３．３％保护；巴氏杆菌卵黄抗体和血清抗体能明显抑制巴氏杆菌生长并有溶菌现象出现；复方痢菌净、喹乙醇、庆大霉素、链霉素和四环素对多杀巴氏杆菌高度敏感（１７～４１ｍｍ）。     

莜麦×燕麦杂种裸粒性的遗传

田间条件下，以３个莜麦（ＡｖｅｎａｎｕｄａＬ．）品种（系）为母本同２个燕麦（Ａ．ｓａｔｉｖａＬ．）品系配置双列杂交，研究裸粒性的遗传，结果表明，将莜麦型和中间类型计为一类（裸型）时，Ｆ２代有３裸型：１燕麦型和３５裸型：２９燕麦型两种分离比例。在３：１比例中，莜麦型和燕麦型均占２０％～３０％，而３５：２９中，燕麦型约占４５％，莜麦型则在１０％以下。两种比例中，中间型的比率相差不大，约为４５％～５５％。Ｆ１代主穗平均裸粒率与Ｆ２代裸型及莜麦型植株百分率间呈较高正相关，相关系数分别为０．８１７和０．９１７。     

嘉荫县狗寄生蠕虫区系调查报告

对嘉荫县犬体寄生蠕虫区系调查，结果，共剖检本地狗１０只，检获蠕虫４种，吸虫１种－华枝睾吸虫（ＣｌｏｎｏｒｃｈｉｓＳｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）；绦虫１种－泡状带绦虫（Ｔａｃｎｉａｙｈｙｄａｉｔｉｇｅｎａ）线虫两种－犬弓首线虫（Ｔｏｘｏｃａｒａｃａｎｉｎｕｍ）犬钩口线虫（Ａｕｃｙｌｏｓｔａｍａｃａｎｉｎｕｍ）４种虫体隶属于３纲４属，其中分布广和感染率高的为犬钩口线虫（５０％）为嘉荫县犬寄生蠕虫的优势种。     

大肠杆菌新菌毛抗原的研究Ⅰ．菌毛抗原及其血凝活性测定

Ｎｏ．１和Ｎｏ．２两株大肠杆菌产生一种新菌毛抗原（暂定名Ｆ１９８７），并有性菌毛形成；菌毛直径３．６３６ｎｍ，性菌毛直径４．２ｎｍ。抗Ｄ－甘露糖血凝试验（ＭＲＨＡ）表明：本菌毛抗原具有独特的血凝谱，能稳定地凝集人（Ａ、Ｂ、ＡＢ、Ｏ）及貂的红血球，不凝集豚鼠、绵羊、山羊、马、牛、家兔、犬、貉子、小白鼠、鸡、鸽、鹌鹑等动物的红血球，对猪红血球凝集不稳定；血凝作用仅能被相应菌毛因子血清所抑制，不被Ｋ＿８８、Ｋ＿９９、Ｆ＿４１，及ＣＦＡ／Ⅰ、ＣＦＡ／Ⅱ等菌毛因子血清所抑制。血凝作用存在４℃－３７℃－４℃的凝集－解脱－复凝集现象。用Ｍｉｎｃａ培养基做３７℃培养１８～２４ｈ，可使菌毛抗原良好表达。在玻片凝集反应、反向间接血凝及反向间接血凝抑制试验中，本菌毛抗原与动物中常见的Ｋ＿８８、Ｋ＿９９、９８７Ｐ、Ｆ＿４１，及人源ＣＦＡ／Ⅰ、ＣＦＡ／Ⅱ等菌毛抗原不存在类属反应。     

Scrapie in goats in Cyprus

Ovine scrapie was first recorded in Cyprus in 1985. Subsequently four dairy goats kept in two mixed flocks with affected sheep developed characteristic clinical signs similar to those seen in sheep. Fifteen goats from the two flocks were examined histologically and neurological lesions consistent with a diagnosis of scrapie were found in the four animals and in three others which had subsequently developed early neurological signs. These lesions were similar to those of naturally-affected sheep although neuronal degeneration and vacuolation were more severe in some cases.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.