共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Abstract – Fish abundance data from a fish population study (1957–2000) on the Illinois River, IL, USA were used to assess community structure. There was considerable variability among reaches and years, but three distinct fish communities were identified encompassing both temporal and spatial aspects. Temporal community shifts in the upper half of the river created two distinct fish communities, one prior to 1983 and the other after 1983. This is believed to be in response to improved water quality, albeit the responses were delayed for several years after policy implementation. The third group (Lower River) was spatially separated from the two upper river groups. These differences may reflect a combination of water quality (e.g., pollution) and habitat issues (e.g., geomorphology), common to many regulated rivers. Fish community responses in larger rivers may have considerable temporal lags after implementation of management or restoration activities that warrant strong consideration during any planning process. 相似文献
2.
根据1991年和2000年冬季在黄海中南部和东海中北部海域进行的底拖网调查资料,对黄、东海底层鱼类群落的资源状况、重要种类的生态优势度与结构、多样性及其空间分布格局等方面的动态变化进行了分析。结果表明,生物量指数明显下降,个体小型化使生物资源密度显著上升;重要种类成分发生演替,优势度有较大变化;物种丰富度指数(D)下降极其显著,Shannon—Wiener多样度指数(H′)也有所下降,但不显著。 相似文献
3.
M. S. Busby J. T. Duffy‐Anderson K. L. Mier L. G. De Forest 《Fisheries Oceanography》2014,23(3):270-287
Larval and early juvenile fishes were sampled from the eastern Bering Sea (EBS) shelf from 2001 to 2005, and in 2007. Data from these collections were used to examine spatial and temporal patterns in species assemblage structure and abundance. The years 2001–2005 were unusual because the EBS water temperature was ‘warm’ compared with the long‐term mean temperature. In contrast, 2007 was a ‘cold’ year. The abundance of the five most numerous taxa at 12 stations common to all years sampled (1996–2005, 2007) were significantly different among years. Larval and early juvenile stage Theragra chalcogramma (walleye pollock), a commercially important gadid, were by far the most abundant fish in all years. Bottom depth alone best explained assemblage structure in most years, but in others, bottom depth and water column temperature combined and percent sea‐ice coverage were most important. Abundance of T. chalcogramma larvae increases with water column temperature until 5°C and then becomes level. Higher abundances of Gadus macrocephalus (Pacific cod) larvae occur in years with the greatest percent sea‐ice cover as indicated by GAM analysis. Larvae of Lepidopsetta polyxystra (northern rock sole) increase in abundance with increasing maximum wind speed, but decrease at a later date during the last winter storm. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that oceanographic conditions, specifically water temperature and sea‐ice coverage, affect the spatial and temporal pattern of larval abundances. In general, ichthyoplankton species assemblages can be important early indicators of environmental change in the Bering Sea and potentially other subarctic seas as well. 相似文献
4.
J. T. DUFFY-ANDERSON M. S. BUSBY K. L. MIER C. M. DELIYANIDES P. J. STABENO 《Fisheries Oceanography》2006,15(1):80-94
Larval and early juvenile fishes were sampled from the eastern Bering Sea (EBS) shelf during summer from 1996 to 2000. Data from these collections were used to examine spatial and temporal patterns in species assemblage structure and abundance. Cluster analyses based on Bray–Curtis dissimilarity coefficients were used to group species and stations according to similar abundance and species composition. Ordination techniques were used to verify groupings, and a non‐parametric stepwise procedure using a Spearman correlation coefficient (BIO‐ENV) was used to relate groupings to predominant environmental variables. These approaches revealed a pattern of station groupings that were generally related to bathymetry in 1996, 1997, 1999, and 2000, although no obvious relationship to geographic boundaries was observed in 1998. Significant differences in species associations were observed in 1997 and 1998, and depressions in abundance were also noted among many species between 1997 and 1999. A regional, full primitive equation model was used to simulate float trajectories on the EBS shelf in each year to better relate fish distributional observations to prevailing current patterns. Model results indicated general variations in flow in several years, although 1998 stood out with stronger northeast flow than in any of the other years examined. Observed disruptions of larval and early juvenile fish assemblages could be related to the strong El‐Niño event of 1997–98 in the EBS. If this idea is confirmed, our study suggests that larval and juvenile fish are sensitive and respond relatively quickly (1–2 yr) to environmental perturbations, and as such, may be timely indicators of environmental change. 相似文献
5.
ANDRÉS J. JAUREGUIZAR ROBERTO MENNI CARLOS LASTA RAÚL GUERRERO 《Fisheries Oceanography》2006,15(4):326-344
The springtime spatial pattern of demersal fish assemblages in the northern Argentine coastal ecosystem (34°–41°S) and their relationships with environmental variables were investigated over 6 years (1981, 1983, 1994, 1995, 1998 and 1999). For each fish assemblage area for each year, we identified the most common species and those species that had the highest ability to discriminate it from adjacent assemblage areas. Within each area, species were considered as resident (common in all years) or facultative (contributing to less than 90% of similarity within any year). The analysis (detrended canonical correspondence analysis), conducted using species abundances (t nm?2) and environmental data, indicated that six fish assemblage areas are consistently distinguishable. The fish assemblage areas correspond to inner, central and middle regions of the Río de la Plata estuary, and inner, central and middle regions of the coastal shelf. Spatial differences in the composition among areas were primarily due to changes in species composition rather than changes in relative abundance, and were primarily related to water mass characteristics. Salinity in the estuary and temperature on the shelf were more relevant to the spatial structuring of the fish community in each environment. The assemblage areas showed a remarkable degree of temporal persistence in species composition and geographical location. The facultative species contributed more to the species composition temporal dynamics than resident species. El Niño (La Niña) condition, associated with increase (decrease) of the Río de la Plata freshwater discharge, produced a movement of the estuarine assemblage areas to the coastal shelf (upriver). Under normal freshwater discharge conditions, the boundaries of the fish assemblages were relatively more stable. 相似文献
6.
为研究和认识渔业生物群落结构和海洋生态系统在时间和空间上的变化特征和规律,实验依据2000年4个季度大面积定点底拖网的调查数据,利用海洋生态学研究常用的多样性指数,采用聚类的分析方法和空间投射的图示方法,对东海中、北部及黄海南部海域底层渔业生物多样性季节间的分布变化特征和规律进行了归纳,探讨了生物数量和重量季节变化不统一的可能原因,并分析了多样性与生物重量和数量之间的联系。结果显示,各季站点均可分成多样性水平高、中、低3个类群,各类群呈点、线和块状分布,且呈现中心、夹层和外层分别由高、中、低多样性类群构成的\"三明治\"结构或组合。各季\"三明治\"结构分布可能与渔业资源的生理周期洄游活动相关,结构中心水域可能对应多数渔业生物洄游活动主要范围。各季均出现高、低多样性类群直接相联、多样性呈现空间上跳跃性变化的水域,这些水域的资源生物量普遍相对较低,但一般都是毗邻生物量相对较高水域,其分布范围与毗邻相对高生物量水域的绝对生物量水平呈负向关系。春、冬季各类群对应生物平均重量和数量等级一致,而夏、秋季则不一致,这可能与各季渔业生物产卵、生长、补充等不同生命周期过程相关。不管重量还是尾数,多样性指数随生物量增加而下降的情形均多于增加的情形;多样性指数随生物尾数增加的正向关系明显高于与生物重量之间的正向关系。 相似文献
7.
The conservation, management and monitoring of aquatic resources should benefit from understanding their spatial structuring. In this paper, we used the reference condition approach (RCA) to test if the variability in biotic communities, riverine fish assemblages in the present case, is better controlled with a spatial delineation based on ecoregions or by grouping rivers with local catchment characteristics. Electrofishing data from 493 riffles in 99 rivers in Finland were used in the analysis. We completed multivariate analyses (nonmetric multidimensional scaling, multiresponse permutation procedures) to identify differences in fish community composition among groups based on ecoregions or catchment characteristics. We concluded that both regional processes and local environmental characteristics structured fish populations, and bioassessment of freshwaters should be based on regional spatial delineations, supported by local scale characteristics. Spatial delineations like ecoregions should be used to assist the bioassessment to improve the efficiency to detect the human impacts. 相似文献
8.
The distribution and abundance of overwintering Calanus finmarchicus in the Faroe–Shetland Channel was studied during December 1994 and January 1995. Maximum abundance of animals in the Channel was approximately 50 000 m−2 , with a peak concentration of 627 m−3 at a depth of 930 m. Copepodite stages IV and V accounted for > 98% of the population. A clear association was found between the horizontal and vertical distribution of animals and the Arctic water masses in the bottom of the Faroe–Shetland Channel. The Wyville–Thomson Ridge formed a barrier to the southern distribution of Arctic waters and the abundance of overwintering C. finmarchicus was 25 times lower to the south of the Ridge than to the north. Spatial variability in lipid content and composition indicated that overwintering C. finmarchicus in the southern Norwegian Sea were in poorer condition with respect to wax ester content, and in a more advanced state of emergence from overwintering, than the animals within the Channel. The overwintering stock in the Channel probably originated from the Norwegian Sea or from north of the Faroe Islands. The Faroe–Shetland Channel is an important source of animals advected into the northern North Sea in the spring (March/April). The population abundance in the Faroe–Shetland Channel was estimated to be 4.5 × 1014 individuals, which is more than adequate to account for the mean concentration of adult stages observed in the northern North Sea in April. 相似文献
9.
东海区头足类群聚空间分布特征的初步研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
根据2000年东海区(27°00′~34°00′N、127°00′E以西海域)150 m等深线以浅4个季节的底拖网监测调查资料,运用聚类分析和非度量多维标度(NMDS)的方法分析东海区头足类群聚的空间分布特征,并且探讨各个群聚类型的指示种类以及头足类群聚分布与环境的关系。头足类主要种类为剑尖枪乌贼(Loligo edulis)、太平洋褶柔鱼(Todarodes paci-ficus)、金乌贼(Sepia esculenta)等。多元分析结果显示,各季节头足类群聚类型不同。根据各群聚类型分布的海域大致可以将其划分为黄海南部-东海外海-东海中南部群聚、长江口外海域群聚和东海北部海域群聚3种群聚类型。它们的空间分布区域随着季节的不同而发生变化,群聚类型的分布区域也会相互交错。各季节不同群聚类型的种类组成不同,多数种类一般同时出现于不同的类群中,有的种类在所有群聚类型中都有分布。它们的空间分布也是交错的,只是相对集中的区域有所不同,在不同群聚类型中的渔获率和出现频率不同。头足类各群聚类型种类组成的季节差异较明显,各群聚类型中相对稳定的主要特征种类较少。调查海域中影响头足类种类空间分布特征的主要环境因子为水温,而水深等环境因素的影响并不明显 相似文献
10.
Abstract – The River Purtse was historically a significant Atlantic salmon spawning river in the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea). After the establishment of oil shale mining and processing in the catchment area in the late 1920s, the salmon population went extinct. By the 1970s, the river was heavily polluted and the lower reaches lacked any fish fauna. However, since the 1990s, pollution from oil shale mines was greatly reduced and water quality started to improve. The first fish species to repopulate the polluted area were gudgeon and nine‐spined stickleback. The first salmon parr from wild spawning were recorded in 2006. Up to 2009, a total of fifteen fish species have been recorded including trout and the sensitive bullhead. This study illustrates the natural recovery of the fish fauna following water quality improvement. 相似文献
11.
根据2009年8—11月对洱海鱼类调查获得的有关资料,研究了洱海鱼类群落的空间分布格局,旨在为洱海鱼类资源的保护和利用提供有价值的资料。研究结果表明:洱海鱼类群落可分为3种群落类型,分别为洱海西岸与南北端湖滨带群落类型(群落Ⅰ)、东岸与湖心区群落类型(群落Ⅱ)和上游小型湖泊群落类型(群落Ⅲ)。群落Ⅰ的主要特征种为(Hemiculterleucisculus)、鲫(Carassius auratus)、麦穗鱼(Pseudorasbora parva)、黄(Hypseleotris swin-honis)、子陵栉虎鱼(Ctenogobius giurinus),对群落内平均相似性贡献率为80.71%。群落Ⅱ的主要特征种为鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)、鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)、草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)、鲤(Cyprinus carpio),对群落内平均相似性贡献率为98.20%。群落Ⅲ的主要特征种为鲫、麦穗鱼、长身(Acheilognathuselongatus)、棒花鱼(Abbottina rivularis)、中华鳑鲏(Oryzias latipes sinensis)、子陵栉虎鱼等,对群落内平均相似性贡献率为94.94%。群落Ⅰ和群落Ⅲ在种类和数量组成上以小型鱼类为主,群落Ⅱ则以大中型鱼类为主,鱼类群落在空间分布上的环境差异明显。 相似文献
12.
Josef Knott Melanie Mueller Joachim Pander Juergen Geist 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2020,29(1):74-88
Hydropower structures hinder the movement and migration of fishes, impairing their life cycles. Additionally, downstream moving fish are often at risk of being injured during turbine passage. To improve hydropower production towards more fish-friendly techniques and management, knowledge on timing and extent of natural patterns of fish downstream movement is necessary. So far, migration behaviour of long-distance migrators such as eel or salmon has been well studied, but little is known about seasonal and diurnal movement patterns of nonmigratory species or medium-distance migrators. In this study, movement patterns of 39 fish species captured by stownets while transiting hydropower facilities in four impounded rivers were assessed and compared with the fish community composition directly upstream of the hydropower plants assessed by electrofishing. Strong differences between the fish community composition inhabiting the upstream sides of the dams and the fish detected in downstream passage were evident. In each study river, the downstream moving fish community composition differed significantly between spring and autumn. On average, significantly more fish were caught during the night (2.9 fish/hr) than during the day (1.3 fish/hr). Topmouth gudgeon, European grayling and pike-perch mostly moved downstream during the night, whereas roach, spirlin and bleak were the most frequent downstream moving fish during daytime. Downstream fish movement was positively related with turbidity, water temperature and discharge. The strong differences in seasonal and diurnal fish movement patterns suggest that fish damage can be strongly reduced by adaptive turbine and corridor management, for example by shutting down turbines at peak movements. 相似文献
13.
E. M. Johns B. A. Muhling R. C. Perez F. E. Müller‐Karger N. Melo R. H. Smith J. T. Lamkin T. L. Gerard E. Malca 《Fisheries Oceanography》2014,23(6):472-494
During April to June 2009, a large bolus of Amazon River water impacted the northeastern Caribbean Sea. Shipboard observations collected near Saba Bank, the U.S. and British Virgin Islands, and the Anegada Passage showed low surface salinity (35.76 ± 0.05 Practical Salinity Unit (PSU)), elevated surface temperature (26.77 ± 0.14°C), high chlorophyll‐a (1.26 ± 0.21 mg m?3) and high dissolved oxygen (4.90 ± 0.06 mL L?1) in a 20‐ to 30‐m thick surface layer in the riverine plume. The water was ~1°C warmer, 1 PSU fresher, 0.3 mL L?1 higher in oxygen and 1.2 mg m?3 higher in chlorophyll‐a than Atlantic Ocean waters to the north, with Caribbean surface waters showing intermediate values. Plankton net tows obtained in the upper 100 m of the water column revealed larval fish assemblages within the plume that were significantly different from those of the surrounding waters and from those encountered in the area in previous years. The plume waters contained higher concentrations of mesopelagic fish larvae from the families Myctophidae and Nomeidae, which as adults typically inhabit offshore, deep water habitats. Concentrations of larvae from inshore and reef‐associated families such as Scaridae, Serranidae, Labridae and Clupeidae were lower than those found outside the plume in similar shallow areas, particularly in near‐surface waters. An event like the one observed in 2009 had not been documented in at least the past 30 yr, and yet it was followed by another similarly extreme event in 2010. The ecological implications, including any long‐term consequences of such recent extreme events, are important and merit further study. 相似文献
14.
PETER MUNK CLIVE J. FOX LOES J. BOLLE CINDY J. G. van DAMME PETTER FOSSUM GERD KRAUS 《Fisheries Oceanography》2009,18(6):458-469
Spawning of fishes takes place across a wide area of the North Sea. However, more intense spawning is seen in restricted areas, indicating that such areas present favorable conditions. To update information on fish spawning in the North Sea and analyze potential linkages to hydrographic characteristics, an internationally coordinated survey was conducted in the winter/spring of 2004. Oblique hauls for fish eggs and larvae and vertical profiles of temperature and salinity were carried out at 393 stations across the entire North Sea. The hydrography was strongly influenced by the interfacing of water masses of different salinity, and frontal zones were seen along all coastal areas and off the Dogger and Fisher Banks. Total abundances of eggs and larvae, including fish species such as cod, haddock, plaice, long rough dab and sandeel, peaked in the vicinity of the frontal areas. Hence our findings indicate that the main spawning locations of fish are linked to recurrent hydrographic features such as salinity fronts. Such a linkage may provide survival advantages, as the fronts present favorable feeding conditions, and the related physical processes may confine egg and larval dispersal and transport them towards suitable nursery habitats. 相似文献
15.
ABSTRACT: In the North Sea, studies are carried out to assess the effect of offshore windmills on the spatial distributions of various fish species, based on data often obtained from different fishing gears. In this study, spatial analysis of three size classes of dab Limanda limanda in the German Bight was undertaken and the effect of different fishing gear type on analyzing spatial patterns are assessed, using geostatistics. In an area equal in size to a wind park (with ∼ 200 windmills), a comparative fishing experiment was carried out, where a 7 m-beam trawl and an otter trawl were employed. Structural analyses showed a presence of spatial autocorrelation in the catch data in all cases. The use of an efficient sampling gear led to an improved resolution of spatial structuring, but did not necessarily result in reduction of nugget variability. Ecological parameters derived from a spatial analysis were in good agreement in cases of high abundance and similar gear efficiency. Thus, it is shown that the type of gear matters in cases of low species abundance. Therefore, to achieve reliable results of a structural analysis and an accurate spatial assessment of fisheries data, it is recommended that the abundance of the target species (biological group) and efficiency of the sampling gear are considered. 相似文献
16.
为摸清黄海北部近岸海域渔业生物群落结构现状,并揭示其时空变化的主要环境驱动因子,于2021年4—11月在该海域开展了6航次底拖网及环境调查。运用丰度-生物量比较曲线、聚类分析和非度量多维标度排序等方法分析了海域渔业资源种类组成及优势度、群落多样性及年内演替;运用典范对应分析 (CCA) 探讨了群落结构时空变化与环境因子之间的关系。结果显示,调查采集到的种类共有89种,包括鱼类50种和无脊椎动物39种。鳀已成为海域主要中上层优势鱼种,大泷六线鱼、细纹狮子鱼和脊腹褐虾等冷温性种类成为季节性主要渔业生物,小黄鱼、蓝点马鲛和鲐等传统资源仍在衰退过程中。调查发现部分真鲷幼体及集群蓝圆鲹幼体,海域或有其育幼场存在。调查期间内群落大部分时间处于不稳定状态,其中4月群落显示中等干扰,5—11月群落均显示严重干扰。在所选环境因子中,海表温(SST)、海底温(SBT)、海底盐(SBS)和叶绿素(Chl
17.
渤海鱼类群落结构关键种 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
基于2012—2016年每年8月渤海鱼类资源量底拖网调查数据,对鱼类群落进行了CLUSTER聚类分析和MDS标序,根据组间差异种和组内相似种年际贡献率,筛选鱼类群落结构关键种,结果显示:(1)在29.93%~35.69%的相似性水平上,2012—2016年各年度渤海鱼类群落分组情况良好,相应MDS系数都小于0.2。(2)2012—2016年渤海鱼类组间种类组成差异都极显著(P=0.001),贡献组间80%累积差异性,且出现率超过50%的鱼类,4个年度共有的种有鳀(Engraulis japonicus)、3个年度共有的种有黄鲫(Setipinna taty);组间差异性贡献率大于10%,且出现率超过50%的鱼类,3个年度共有种仅有鳀,2个年度共有种仅有黄鲫。(3)贡献2012–2016年渤海鱼类群落组内相似性80%累积贡献率,且出现率超过50%的鱼类,2个年度共有的种有鳀、矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)和矛尾复虾虎鱼(Synechogobius hasta);组内相似性贡献率大于10%,且出现率超过50%的鱼类,3个年度共有种有鳀,2个年度共有种有矛尾虾虎鱼和矛尾复虾虎鱼。(4)依据2012—2016年渤海鱼类群落结构相似性与差异性中各鱼种累积贡献率和单贡献率的大小和出现频率,推断鳀是渤海鱼类群落结构的首要关键种,其次为黄鲫,然后是矛尾虾虎鱼和矛尾复虾虎鱼。这4种鱼的站位平均资源量对中上层鱼类及底层鱼类站位平均资源量的比例及相关性和回归性,以及年度的优势度指数也证实上述关键种观点。综上所述,渤海鱼类群落结构首要关键种为鳀,其次为黄鲫,渤海鱼类关键种的研究可为渤海捕捞产业的调整和渔业资源的养护提供科学依据。 相似文献
18.
Abstract – Many floodplain lake fish communities have been influenced by large-scale shifts in processes of water-level stability that degrade habitat quantity and quality. Efforts to restore rivers and their floodplains have recently taken a priority yet many restoration approaches are in their developmental stages and potentially controversial. We measured fish community changes in response to a water stabilisation technique in an Illinois River floodplain lake, achieved by levee renovations in 1997, using data collected prior to (1991–1993) and after (2000–2002) stabilisation. Our results indicate fish community composition (presence/absence) showed little variability and did not differ ( R = 0.037; P = 0.60) between the two time periods; whereas, fish community structure (abundance) differed ( R > 0.50; P ≤ 0.10). Increased abundances of desirable species like gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum (Lesueur), white crappie Pomoxis annularis (Rafinesque), black crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus (Lesueur) and largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides (Lacepede), coupled with declines of less desirable species like common carp Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus) contributed to community changes. These changes suggest positive responses to water stabilisation practices that may act as an intermediate step in restoring river–floodplain function in certain situations. 相似文献
19.
Fisher型逐步判别法在东海水团判别中的初步应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1998年2月份对东海区进行了大面水质调查。样品分析方法依据《中华人民共和国标准》GB17378.4-1998,所得数据应用美国StatSoft公司开发的STATISTICAS软件进行分析。聚类分析结果,东海表层主要水团配置为黄东海混合水团(HE)、东海表层水团(E)、沿岸冲淡水(C)、黑潮变性水团(EK);底层主要水团配置为东海表层水团(E)、黑潮变性水团(EK)。M为水团间过渡带。应用Fisher型逐步判别法建立判别方程式时,根据计算的统计量F值对表底层的指标值进行筛选。表层水团入选的指标值有温度、盐度、溶解氧、总磷、pH值和硝酸氮六个指标;底层水团入选的指标值有温度、盐度和叶绿素α三个指标。经显著性检验,建立的判别方程式符合聚类分析的要求,选定的指标可以有效判别水样归属。判别式回代验证结果表明,本文建立的判别式的正确率为100%。本次应用过程中没有出现空间站位划分混乱现象,说明冬季该海域水团分布均匀,没有受到上升流的影响。 相似文献
20.
Trawling is a major concern worldwide and there is considerable debate about its impact on marine ecosystems. The Patagonian Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem (PSLME) is an important fishing area in the Southwest Atlantic where bottom trawling is the dominant fishing method. We investigated the distribution of bottom trawl fishing within this region, defining the areas of highest trawling intensity (hotspots) and evaluating their relationship with marine fronts. We focused on the three main oceanographic fronts, the shelf‐break front, the southern Patagonia front and the mid‐shelf front. To estimate fishing effort and trawled areas, we used VMS data from 2006 to 2012. Despite being almost a fully trawlable shelf, we found that the spatial distribution of trawling activity is patchy and trawling hotspots were small, comprising annually <5% of the shelf extension or <7% of the total trawlable area. Contrary to what is believed worldwide, our findings suggest that over the PSLME the magnitude of habitat effects as a result of bottom trawling is relatively small. Regarding the three frontal systems studied, only the shelf‐break front showed a positive relationship with trawl fishing activity. Although trawling hotspots did not overlap with marine fronts, the shelf‐break front receives more trawling effort than expected. We hypothesize that this pattern is due to aggregation of species near or at the front taking advantage of the opportunities provided by this area. 相似文献