3个不同株型玉米杂交种适宜密度的研究

研究选用3个不同株型品种连玉16、丹玉39和郑单958,在辽宁省5个地点设6种密度进行了连续两年的试验.结果表明:3个品种在沈阳和铁岭具有相同的适宜密度,连玉16、丹玉39和郑单958分别为48000、57000、67500株/hm~2;在朝阳连玉16、丹玉39和郑单958的适宜密度分别为57000、57000、57000～67500株/hm~2;在大连连玉16、丹玉39和郑单958分别为39000、48000～57000、67500株/hm~2;在丹东连玉16、丹玉39和郑单958分别为39000～48 000、48000～57000、67 500株/hm~2.     

生态环境与种植密度对玉米产量和品质的影响

玉米子粒产量和品质决定于基因型和环境因素。通过在辽宁省内的沈阳、铁岭、丹东三地种植连玉16、丹玉39、郑单958两类不同株型品种,系统比较了玉米产量、品质的密度效应以及不同生态区玉米产量和品质的差异,并分析了差异的原因。结果表明,连玉16、丹玉39、郑单958这3个品种的产量、总淀粉含量、粗蛋白含量、粗脂肪含量在3个地点之间都达到了显著差异水平,3个品种的产量以沈阳试点最高,铁岭试点次之,丹试点东最低;3个品种的粗脂肪含量为沈阳试点>丹东试点>铁岭试点;粗蛋白含量丹东试点>沈阳试点>铁岭试点;总淀粉含量为铁岭试点>沈阳试点>丹东试点。三地光照、积温和降水量的不同是造成产量差异的重要原因,同时也是玉米子粒品质形成的关键因子。通过品种、密度等调控措施来充分利用生态资源,发挥区域优势,可实现辽宁省玉米的优质高产。     

阴雨寡照条件下密度对夏玉米叶面积和产量的影响

选用玉米品种郑单958和金海5号,设不同种植密度,研究阴雨寡照条件下种植密度对夏玉米叶面积、干物质积累及产量的影响。结果表明,在整个生育期,郑单958和金海5号群体叶面积指数(LAI)均随密度的增加而增大,但LAI增长率和单株叶面积逐渐减小,表明随着密度提高,LAI增加是单株叶面积减少和群体数量增加共同作用的结果。随着密度增加,两个品种单株干物质积累量均呈下降趋势。郑单958和金海5号在52 500株/hm2的密度下产量最高,分别为7 358.3 kg/hm2和7 016.7 kg/hm2。     

辽南地区不同种植形式与密度对玉米产量的影响

以中晚熟品种郑单958和晚熟品种丹玉405为试验材料,采用裂区设计,在3种不同种植形式和3种不同密度条件下,对玉米品种与密度、品种与种植形式互作的关系进行比较分析。结果表明,郑单958在二比空种植形式60 000株/hm²下产量最大,为11 726.71 kg/hm²;丹玉405在二比空种植形式49 500株/hm²下产量最大,为11 092.03 kg/hm²。郑单958和丹玉405在各自产量最高时,百粒重、穗行数和行粒数均最大,两个品种在二比空种植形式下功能叶的叶面积指数和净光合速率较高。     

不同密度春玉米叶面积系数动态特征及其对产量的影响

研究了两个品种吉单209(JD209)、郑单958(ZD958)不同密度群体各生育期LAI动态变化特征,并分析了主要动态特征参数与产量及产量构成的关系,探讨春玉米高密度高产群体叶面积系数(Leafarea index,LAI)动态变化特征对产量的效应。结果表明:各密度群体LAI动态变化呈单峰曲线趋势,随密度增加峰值增大,相同密度下ZD958群体LAI大于JD209,表现较强的耐密性。两个品种高产的适宜密度范围是6万～9万株/hm²,群体的最大LAI在5～7;各生育期的群体LAI与密度呈显著线性正相关,其中抽雄吐丝期LAI对密度的增长率最大,分别为0.583和0.679;灌浆期群体LAI对产量的影响最大,表明此时期是产量形成的关键期。大喇叭口期LAI对穗数、穗粒数影响最大。密度是通过调控群体的LAI和穗数来影响产量构成和最终产量。     

品种、空间布局及种植密度对春玉米冠层结构、物质生产及产量的影响

试验以农华101、先玉335及郑单958为材料,通过空间布局及种植密度塑造不同的冠层结构,分析其对玉米物质生产、转运及产量的影响。结果表明,不同品种的叶面积指数(LAI)及冠层透光率(DIFN)差异显著,以郑单958表现较好,常规种植与簇生种植的LAI差异不显著,冠层透光率以常规种植较好;随着密度增加LAI升高,冠层透光率随之降低。不同品种成熟期干物质生产以先玉335较高,空间布局差异不显著,随密度增加干物质生产能力提高;花后物质生产以先玉335较高,簇生种植高于常规种植,随密度增加花后物质生产能力升高;叶茎转运量以郑单958较大,常规种植转运量较多,随密度增加叶茎转运量提高。品种间产量差异显著,郑单958显著高于其他品种;常规种植与簇生种植产量无显著差异;各密度处理产量差异显著,高密度中密度低密度处理。     

辽宁三点不同熟期主栽玉米品种的产量比较

以丹玉39、郑单958及辽单565为试材,比较3个不同熟期品种的产量。结果表明,中晚熟品种郑单958除了在铁岭点的产量略低于晚熟品种丹玉39外,在其他2点的产量均居首位。中熟品种辽单565在3点产量均最低。由此推测在辽宁生育期足够长的地区,中晚熟品种更具高产潜力,是未来玉米产量突破的关键。     

密度对夏玉米品种光合特性和产量性状的影响

对不同密度条件下不同株型6个夏玉米品种进行了研究,筛选具有超高产潜力的优势品种。结果表明,对于不同株型品种,光合速率均是低密度处理高于高密度,其中紧凑型品种CF008光合速率最高。从产量性状分析,CF008产量最高,郑单958其次;CF008不同密度之间差异不显著;郑单958低密度产量显著高于高密度。同样,CF008经济系数最高,郑单958、金海5号和鲁单6003依次降低,不同密度间差异不显著。说明紧凑型品种的表现明显好于半紧凑型品种。     

土壤生态容量对玉米生长发育和产量的影响

以密植品种郑单958和稀植品种丹玉39为试材,通过不同土壤量的盆栽试验来模拟不同的土壤生态容量,研究不同耐密植玉米品种生长发育所需的土壤生态容量以及土壤生态容量对玉米植株形态、光合特性和产量的影响。结果表明,随着土壤生态容量的增加,玉米株高、茎周长、叶面积、穗位叶光合速率、单株子粒重以及百粒重均呈上升趋势,说明土壤生态容量是玉米生长发育和产量形成的限制性因子。不同耐密植型品种对土壤生态容量的响应不同,12.5 kg土量处理的土壤生态容量可以满足耐密植型玉米品种郑单958的产量需求,郑单958的自我调控机制强,可以更好地适应较低的土壤生态容量,可能是其耐密植的主要原因之一。     

水分胁迫对玉米品种灌浆期抗旱性及指标的影响

试验以辽宁省种植面积较大的5个玉米品种为材料,通过盆栽试验研究了水分胁迫对灌浆期玉米品种的产量性状和生理生化指标的影响,探讨了玉米品种间抗旱性指标的关系,并筛选出抗旱性强的品种,以便指导旱区玉米生产。试验结果：5个玉米品种在水分胁迫下穗部性状及产量均下降;抗旱指数由高到低顺序：郑单958、铁单15、丹玉39、沈玉21、辽单145,其中郑单958抗旱指数最高。在水分胁迫下,灌浆期玉米品种的光合速率、蒸腾速率、叶绿素含量、叶片相对含水量下降,水分利用效率、相对电导率,丙二醛含量、可溶性糖含量、SOD活性、POD活性上升;通过函数隶属值法进行综合分析,抗旱性强弱顺序为：郑单958、铁单15、丹玉39、沈玉21、辽单145,这与产量的抗旱指数顺序结果相一致。郑单958抗旱性强于其他品种,可认为是抗旱性较强品种;铁单15、丹玉39、沈玉21可认为抗旱性中等品种;辽单145可认为抗旱性较弱品种;郑单958可做为干旱地区首选种植品种。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.     

橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用

以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。