Flashing superluminal components in the jet of the radio galaxy 3C120

A 16-month sequence of radio images of the active galaxy 3C120 with the Very Long Baseline Array reveals a region in the relativistic jet where superluminal components flash on and off over time scales of months, while the polarization angle rotates. This can be explained by interaction between the jet and an interstellar cloud located about 8 parsecs from the center of the galaxy. The cloud, which rotates the polarization direction and possibly eclipses a section of the jet, represents a "missing link" between the ultradense broad-emission-line clouds closer to the center and the lower density narrow-emission-line clouds seen on kiloparsec scales.     

Orbital motion in the radio galaxy 3C 66B: evidence for a supermassive black hole binary

Supermassive black hole binaries may exist in the centers of active galactic nuclei such as quasars and radio galaxies, and mergers between galaxies may result in the formation of supermassive binaries during the course of galactic evolution. Using the very-long-baseline interferometer, we imaged the radio galaxy 3C 66B at radio frequencies and found that the unresolved radio core of 3C 66B shows well-defined elliptical motions with a period of 1.05 +/- 0.03 years, which provides a direct detection of a supermassive black hole binary.     

Not so hot "hot spots" in the oceanic mantle

Excess volcanism and crustal swelling associated with hot spots are generally attributed to thermal plumes upwelling from the mantle. This concept has been tested in the portion of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between 34 degrees and 45 degrees (Azores hot spot). Peridotite and basalt data indicate that the upper mantle in the hot spot has undergone a high degree of melting relative to the mantle elsewhere in the North Atlantic. However, application of various geothermometers suggests that the temperature of equilibration of peridotites in the mantle was lower, or at least not higher, in the hot spot than elsewhere. The presence of H(2)O-rich metasomatized mantle domains, inferred from peridotite and basalt data, would lower the melting temperature of the hot spot mantle and thereby reconcile its high degree ofmelting with the lack of a mantle temperature anomaly. Thus, some so-called hot spots might be melting anomalies unrelated to abnormally high mantle temperature or thermal plumes.     

Discovery of new variable radio sources in the nucleus of the nearby galaxy messier 82

Widespread variability has been discovered in a large population of radio sources close to the nucleus of an active galaxy. The galaxy, Messier 82 (M82), and others similar to it show evidence for enhanced nuclear activity and unusually strong far-infrared emission. The observational data, obtained with the National Radio Astronomy Observatory's Very Large Array in New Mexico over the past 3 years, provide the first direct "look" at a starburst-the phenomenon of sudden, rapid star formation which occurs near the nucleus of a small fraction of galaxies. Nearly all the brightest of about 40 radio sources in M82' s nucleus decreased in intensity over 2.7 years up to October 1983. One source, which in February 1981 was ten times as bright as our Galaxy's most luminous supernova remnant, turned off within only a few months. Most of the other ten strongest sources are declining so rapidly that they will fade into the background within 30 years. Thus, new supernovae are expected to appear in M82' s nucleus every few years. The discovery has revealed the "engine room" of the mysterious activity in M82 and, by implication, similar active galaxies which have disturbed nuclei and which are unusually luminous in the far infrared. An estimate of the rate of energy input by the radio-visible supernovae closely matches the far-infrared luminosities which were recently measured for M82 and other similar galaxies.     

Fast variability of tera-electron volt gamma rays from the radio galaxy M87

The detection of fast variations of the tera-electron volt (TeV) (10(12) eV) gamma-ray flux, on time scales of days, from the nearby radio galaxy M87 is reported. These variations are about 10 times as fast as those observed in any other wave band and imply a very compact emission region with a dimension similar to the Schwarzschild radius of the central black hole. We thus can exclude several other sites and processes of the gamma-ray production. The observations confirm that TeV gamma rays are emitted by extragalactic sources other than blazars, where jets are not relativistically beamed toward the observer.     

A correlation between ultra-Low basal velocities in the mantle and hot spots

The statistical correlation between the locations of hot spots at the surface of Earth and the distribution of ultra-low-velocity zones at the base of the mantle has about a 1 percent chance of arising randomly. This correlation is more significant than that between hot spots and negative velocity anomalies in tomographic models of deep mantle compressional and shear velocity. This correlation is consistent with the notion that many hot spots originate in a low-velocity, probably partially molten layer at the core-mantle boundary and undergo little lateral deflection on ascent.     

自然保护区学当前应该解决的几个科学问题

自然保护区已成为一类特殊的土地利用类型,总面积约占国土面积的14%以上;其不仅具有保护野生动植物资源的功能,而且在维护国土生态安全中发挥着关键作用.我国自然保护区建设工程实施过程中,迫切需要解决的主要科学技术问题包括自然保护区体系规划和合理布局方案研究制定、分类经营管理系统建立、野生动植物资源本底调查和动态监测等.自然保护区学是新建立的二级学科.该文定义了自然保护区学的内涵,提出了主要研究领域和方向.指出了当前研究热点问题,如“生态岛屿”状态的自然保护区内野生动植物小种群恢复与调控、自然保护区最小面积确定、生物廊道的设计、规划设计中的功能区划、自然资本评估与经济管理等.     

Free-drifting icebergs: hot spots of chemical and biological enrichment in the Weddell Sea

The proliferation of icebergs from Antarctica over the past decade has raised questions about their potential impact on the surrounding pelagic ecosystem. Two free-drifting icebergs, 0.1 and 30.8 square kilometers in aerial surface area, and the surrounding waters were sampled in the northwest Weddell Sea during austral spring 2005. There was substantial enrichment of terrigenous material, and there were high concentrations of chlorophyll, krill, and seabirds surrounding each iceberg, extending out to a radial distance of approximately 3.7 kilometers. Extrapolating these results to all icebergs in the same size range, with the use of iceberg population estimates from satellite surveys, indicates that they similarly affect 39% of the surface ocean in this region. These results suggest that free-drifting icebergs can substantially affect the pelagic ecosystem of the Southern Ocean and can serve as areas of enhanced production and sequestration of organic carbon to the deep sea.     

HST and VLT investigations of the fragments of comet C/1999 S4 (LINEAR)

At least 16 fragments were detected in images of comet C/1999 S4 (LINEAR) taken on 5 August 2000 with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and on 6 August with the Very Large Telescope (VLT). Photometric analysis of the fragments indicates that the largest ones have effective spherical diameters of about 100 meters, which implies that the total mass in the observed fragments was about 2 x 10(9) kilograms. The comet's dust tail, which was the most prominent optical feature in August, was produced during a major fragmentation event, whose activity peaked on UT 22.8 +/- 0.2 July 2000. The mass of small particles (diameters less than about 230 micrometers) in the tail was about 4 x 10(8) kilograms, which is comparable to the mass contained in a large fragment and to the total mass lost from water sublimation after 21 July 2000 (about 3 x 10(8) kilograms). HST spectroscopic observations during 5 and 6 July 2000 demonstrate that the nucleus contained little carbon monoxide ice (ratio of carbon monoxide to water is less than or equal to 0.4%), which suggests that this volatile species did not play a role in the fragmentation of C/1999 S4 (LINEAR).     

黑龙江大兴安岭卫星热点预报森林火灾准确性研究

卫星监测是现阶段我国主要森林火灾监测方法,其本质是测报地面的高温热源,利用粗分辨率的遥感数据进行林火监测时不能区分高温热源性质、精确定位火场,对于热点数据的地面核查反馈工作造成一定困难。提升热点数据处置的技术水平是森林防火研究的热点。本文基于2005—2015年黑龙江省大兴安岭林区卫星热点数据和同时期森林火灾历史资料,利用ARCGIS和统计分析,得出结论如下:1)卫星热点初判林火发生次数的准确率79.7%,不同卫星初判热源差异较大,NOAA-16、NOAA-18、NOAA-19和FY-1D的报准率均在80%左右,监测次数综合达到1 928次,占总数的2/3,是监测林火的主力卫星。2)卫星预报初判林火发生位置平均误差为5 787.9 m;不同卫星初判热源差异较大,NOAA-19和Terra预报热点的误差较小,但监测数量偏少;NOAA-15和NOAA-17的监测数量虽然较多,但其误差非常大,NOAA-15有7 064.7 m,NOAA-17达到万米以上。3)在卫星监测到的219次森林火灾和历史资料记录的165次火灾中,有147次森林火灾能够对应,卫星的多报、少报问题主要集中于呼玛县,在连续监测同一场森林火灾时,容易出现多报、少报的现象。建议在无法提高卫星性能的情况下,改进卫星图像的处理技术,完善卫星图像的判读标准,提高判读的准确性,同时完善地面核查反馈的方案,以增加核查效率,降低核查经济成本,同时基于不同卫星的性能差异,建议在进行林火监测时应以预报精确的风云系列极轨卫星为主,以性能稳定的NOAA系列卫星为辅。      

国内外数字图书馆研究进展及热点可视化分析

用VOSriewer对1992-2011年国内外数字图书馆研究的进展和热点进行了对比分析。     

Radioisotopes and the history of nucleosynthesis in the galaxy

Nearly all of the heavier elements seem to have been assembled by successive neutron captures occurring in two distinct processes: the s (slow) process refers to neutron capture at a rate which is slow compared to the intervening beta-decay; the r (rapid) process refers to neutron capture at a rate which is rapid compared to the beta process. It is becoming increasingly apparent that simple models for galactic r-process nucleosynthesis are inadequate. Modern astronomical observations, which indicate that the bulk of r-process synthesis may have occurred early in the life of the galaxy, cannot be ignored. Recent data on the fissiogenic xenon in whitlockite from the St. Severin meteorite also place stringent conditions on permissible models for element synthesis. It appears that neither sudden nor continuous models for element formation are consistent with isotopic data now available. I propose a more complex model for the synthesis of solar system material in which the r-process is allowed to occur in three distinct modes: a "prompt" synthesis early in the history of the galaxy, a "continuous" synthesis whereby r-process products are continuously added to the galactic mix, and a "last-minute" synthesis which enriches the solar nebula with r-process material shortly before the formation of the solar system. Calculations based on the present abundances of uranium-235, uranium-238, and thorium-232 and the measured abundances of iodine-129 and plutonium-244 present when meteorites began to retain xenon indicate that the galactic age is between 8.0 and 8.8 billion years, with the initial "prompt" synthesis accounting for 81 to 89 percent of the total r-process material ever produced, the "last-minute" synthesis contributing between 11 and 13 percent, and 0 to 8 percent occurring in the continuous mode. The time interval between the isolation of the solar nebula from galactic r-process and the onset of xenon retention in meteorites lies between 176 and 179 million years.     

Subducted seamount imaged in the rupture zone of the 1946 nankaido earthquake

The Nankai Trough is a vigorous subduction zone where large earthquakes have been recorded since the seventh century, with a recurrence time of 100 to 200 years. The 1946 Nankaido earthquake was unusual, with a rupture zone estimated from long-period geodetic data that was more than twice as large as that derived from shorter period seismic data. In the center of this earthquake rupture zone, we used densely deployed ocean bottom seismographs to detect a subducted seamount 13 kilometers thick by 50 kilometers wide at a depth of 10 kilometers. We propose that this seamount might work as a barrier inhibiting brittle seismogenic rupture.     

Rapid formation of supermassive black hole binaries in galaxy mergers with gas

Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are a ubiquitous component of the nuclei of galaxies. It is normally assumed that after the merger of two massive galaxies, a SMBH binary will form, shrink because of stellar or gas dynamical processes, and ultimately coalesce by emitting a burst of gravitational waves. However, so far it has not been possible to show how two SMBHs bind during a galaxy merger with gas because of the difficulty of modeling a wide range of spatial scales. Here we report hydrodynamical simulations that track the formation of a SMBH binary down to scales of a few light years after the collision between two spiral galaxies. A massive, turbulent, nuclear gaseous disk arises as a result of the galaxy merger. The black holes form an eccentric binary in the disk in less than 1 million years as a result of the gravitational drag from the gas rather than from the stars.     

中草药添加剂对土杂鸡补体C3，C4和IgG的影响研究

 按中兽医组方原则配制加工成中草药饲料添加剂A和B，分别按0.5%，1%，2%3个浓度添加，设抗生素(泰乐菌素)和空白对照，对28日龄土杂鸡随机分组进行饲养试验，分别于42，56，70日龄测定C3，C4和IgG值。结果显示：中草药添加剂能显著增加土杂鸡C3，C4和IgG水平，而且随着日龄的增加有增高的趋势。     

基于海表温度和光合有效辐射的西北太平洋柔鱼冬春生群体栖息地热点预测

柔鱼是大洋洄游性头足类种类,具有重要的生态地位和经济价值,目前是日本、韩国和中国等国家在西北太平洋捕捞的主要对象。柔鱼属于短生命周期生物,其栖息地适宜性受气候和海洋环境变化的显著影响。本文根据中国远洋渔业数据中心提供的2006—2015年9—11月中国鱿钓捕捞数据和海表面温度(SST)以及光合有效辐射(PAR)两个关键环境因子,构建基于捕捞努力量和算术平均算法的柔鱼综合栖息地热点预测模型,并对比分析柔鱼栖息地适宜性在超强厄尔尼诺和强拉尼娜条件下的变动规律及其成因。结果表明:基于SST和PAR的栖息地模型能够有效地预测西北太平洋柔鱼栖息地热点海域;9—11月柔鱼各月适宜的SST和PAR范围具有显著月间变化且逐渐减小;柔鱼产量、捕捞努力量和单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)随栖息地指数值的增加呈现线性增加趋势。对比2007年强拉尼娜年份和2015年超强厄尔尼诺年份,研究发现,2007年柔鱼CPUE和栖息地适宜性显著高于2015年,其主要原因可能是2007年强拉尼娜现象导致柔鱼渔场内适宜的SST和PAR面积显著增加,而2015年超强厄尔尼诺现象导致两者适宜面积急剧下降,从而导致柔鱼栖息地适宜性变差,柔鱼CPUE降低。     

磷脂维生素C对热应激蛋鸡抗氧化性能的影响

选取热应激(平均舍温29.5℃,最高舍温35.2℃)罗曼蛋鸡288羽,分为对照组和试验I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ4组,每组72羽,分别饲喂添加磷脂维生素C O、100、200、300 mg/kg的蛋鸡日粮,试验期末对血清中的SOD、GSH-Px活力进行检测.结果发现,磷脂维生素c能降低血清SOD的活力,与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组降低的幅度最大,但差异不显著(P>O.05);而3个试验组的GSH-Px酶活随磷脂维生素c添加剂量增加呈升高趋势,但与对照组相比差异均不显著(P>O.05),其中试验I和Ⅱ组血清GSH-Px活力较对照有所降低,试验Ⅲ组较对照有所升高.提示热应激罗曼蛋鸡日粮中添加磷脂维生素C能影响其抗氧化能力.     

气调与热风干燥对萝卜丝中维生素C质量分数的影响

利用热风干燥装置和气调干燥装置分别进行萝卜丝的热风干燥和气调干燥试验 ,对试验过程中维生素C( Vc)的质量分数进行测定 .得出了不同干燥条件维生素保存率的数学模型 ,说明新型气调装置和干燥工艺可以提高干燥过程中 Vc的保存率