优质稻中浙优8号在惠安县种植表现及高产栽培技术

中浙优8号是中国水稻研究所和浙江勿忘农种业有限公司选育的优质高产晚籼杂交稻,2013年通过福建省引种认定。2015—2016年引进惠安县黄塘镇种植,表现生长整齐,分蘖力强,穗大粒多,产量高,米质优,适应性好,抗病性强,适合当地种植推广。总结了中浙优8号在惠安县种植表现及高产栽培技术。     

优质杂交稻两优3773在惠安县种植表现及高产栽培技术

两优3773系福建省农业科学院水稻研究所用152S与R173配组育成的优质杂交稻品种。惠安县于2009-2012年引进种植,表现适应性强、高产稳产、品质较优、抗病性强。介绍了该品种在惠安县种植表现及高产栽培技术。     

晶两优534在清流县作烟后稻种植表现及高产栽培技术

晶两优534是用"晶4155S×R534"选育的籼型两系优质杂交水稻品种,于2017年通过国家农作物品种审定。2017—2018年在清流县作烟后稻示范种植表现出生长旺盛、适应性强、产量高、米质优等特点。总结了晶两优534在清流县作烟后稻种植表现及高产栽培技术。     

晶两优534在浦城县作机插秧中稻种植表现及栽培技术

晶两优534是用晶4155S×R534选育的籼型两系杂交水稻,于2018年通过福建省农作物品种审定。2016年、2017在浦城县仙阳镇4个村进行水稻新品种晶两优534作机插秧中稻示范种植,表现出高产、优质、抗稻瘟病、适应性广等特性。总结了晶两优534作机插秧中稻种植表现及栽培技术。     

2009年宁德市晚稻新品种引种初报

为了筛选适宜宁德市种植的高产优质晚稻新品种,2009年晚季引进特优716、中优85、中浙优1号、宜优673、Ⅱ优810、闽优3301和两优816共7个杂交水稻新品种进行比较试验,结果表明,中优85增产显著,表现产量高、适应性强、综合性状好,适合当地种植,可在当地示范推广。     

杂交水稻晶两优534作烟后稻种植表现及其高产栽培技术

晶两优534系袁隆平农业高科技股份有限公司、广东省农业科学院水稻研究所、深圳隆平金谷种业有限公司、湖南隆平高科种业科学研究院有限公司用晶4155S与R534配组育成的籼型两系杂交水稻新组合,2016—2018年在福建沙县试种、示范,表现生育期适中,分蘖力强,株型适中,抗倒力强,优质高产、适应性广等特点。总结了晶两优534近3 a来作烟后稻种植的表现及其高产栽培技术。     

晶两优534在涵江区作早稻种植的主要特性及高产栽培技术

晶两优534系袁隆平农业高科技股份有限公司、广东省农业科学院水稻研究所等单位采用晶4155S×R534配组育成的籼型两系杂交水稻新品种,2018年通过福建省品种审定。2019—2020年引进晶两优534至福建省涵江区白沙镇作早稻示范种植,结果表现高产、稳产、优质、抗倒伏。总结了晶两优534在涵江区作早稻种植的生育特性及高产栽培技术。     

晶两优534作烟后稻种植表现及机械化高产栽培技术

晶两优534系袁隆平农业高科技股份有限公司等单位用籼型温敏两用核不育系晶4155S与优质高抗恢复系R534配组选育的籼型两系杂交水稻新品种.2017—2019年引进晶两优534到三明市作烟后稻试种、示范,表现株型适中、丰产稳产、米质优等特点.总结了晶两优534在三明市作烟后稻的种植表现及机械化高产栽培技术.     

Y两优087在灵川县的种植表现及高产栽培技术

Y两优087在灵川县作一季中稻种植,表现出分蘖力强、茎秆粗壮、穗大粒多、结实率高、高产量、米质较优等特点.介绍了Y两优087高产栽培技术.     

晶两优534在长泰县作早稻种植表现及高产栽培技术

晶两优534是用不育系晶4155S和R534选配而成的优质杂交水稻品种,2018年通过福建省农作物品种审定,2019—2020年在长泰县作早稻试验示范种植,表现为群体整齐,茎秆粗壮,株型适中,熟期转色好,抗倒伏,高产质优等特点.现总结晶两优534在长泰县的种植情况及高产栽培技术.     

辽宁省水稻品种苗期耐盐能力评价

对辽宁省29个水稻品种苗期150mmol/L NaCl水溶液处理条件下苗高、根长、根数、单株苗干重等指标进行分析,并对品种进行聚类.结果表明,盐丰47-8、辽盐282、辽粳371、辽盐12、桥201-2、辽盐241苗期耐盐能力较强,盐粳98、辽开79-3、沈农9418、铁粳4号、辽2096、沈农9741、盐粳34、铁粳...     

Emergent Sources of Prebiotics: Seaweeds and Microalgae

In recent years, scientists have become aware that human microbiota, in general, and gut microbiota, in particular, play a major role in human health and diseases, such as obesity and diabetes, among others. A large number of evidence has come to light regarding the beneficial effects, either for the host or the gut microbiota, of some foods and food ingredients or biochemical compounds. Among these, the most promising seem to be polysaccharides (PS) or their derivatives, and they include the dietary fibers. Some of these PS can be found in seaweeds and microalgae, some being soluble fibers, such as alginates, fucoidans, carrageenans and exopolysaccharides, that are not fermented, at least not completely, by colonic microbiota. This review gives an overview of the importance of the dietary fibers, as well as the benefits of prebiotics, to human health. The potential of the PS from marine macro- and microalgae to act as prebiotics is discussed, and the different techniques to obtain oligosaccharides from PS are presented. The mechanisms of the benefits of fiber, in general, and the types and benefits of algal fibers in human health are highlighted. The findings of some recent studies that present the potential effects of prebiotics on animal models of algal biomass and their extracts, as well as oligo- and polysaccharides, are presented. In the future, the possibility of using prebiotics to modulate the microbiome, and, consequently, prevent certain human diseases is foreseen.     

恩施自治州马铃薯产业现状、问题及对策

本文分析了恩施自治州马铃薯产业发展的优势:地理环境优势、气候条件优势、科学技术优势、交通优势、政策扶持优势等;指出了存在的主要问题:品种结构不合理、种薯质量不合格、农民的换种意识不强、种植规模小、劳动力缺乏、加工企业少,加工链不长等;提出了进一步发展的建议:建立科技支撑平台、加大政府宣传、加大资金投入、完善种薯推广机构、引进扶持加工企业等。     

中国农家玉米品种性状变异研究

研究了我国主要农家玉米品种的生育期、主茎叶数、株高、茎粗、穗位、穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、穗粒重、千粒重及出籽率12个数量性状的变异情况,并对其株型、穗型、穗轴颜色、子粒类型及子粒颜色5个质量性状变异进行了简要分析.我国农家玉米品种数量性状的变幅较大,特别是株高、穗粒重和穗位等性状.同时,农家品种也具有它们独特的优异性状,对于育种材料改良有着重要意义。     

含硒植物营养剂对桃和梨吸收铅、镉、汞的拮抗作用

采用田间试验,研究含硒植物营养剂对水蜜桃和沙梨果实中有益矿物质元素硒和重金属元素铅、镉、汞的影响。结果表明,植物营养剂处理水蜜桃果实中有益矿物质元素硒含量比对照增加1 132.7%,重金属元素铅、镉、汞含量比对照分别减少了83.5%,65.5%,23.9%;植物营养剂处理沙梨果实中有益矿物质元素硒含量比对照增加了1 542.9%,重金属元素铅、镉、汞含量比对照分别减少了30.0%,23.9%,6.3%。     

Characterization of the FODMAP-profile in cereal-product ingredients

Cereal-based products, such as bread, are staple foods in the western diet. Due to the nature of their basic ingredients and the diversity of recipes, the amount of fermentable short-chain carbohydrates (FODMAPs) in those products may be high. This study characterized the FODMAP-profiles of a broad range of cereal-product ingredients, serving as a basis for low FODMAP product development. Different cereals, pseudo-cereals, gluten-free flours, pulses, pulse protein ingredients, commercial sprouts, and other cereal-product ingredients were analyzed, using anion-exchange chromatography with electrochemical detection. Wheat and related cereals were high in fructans. Pulses, such as peas contained high galactooligosaccharides (GOS) amounts. Whereas GOS levels in pulse protein ingredients varied, depending on their production. Gluten-free flours, for instance, rice-flour, showed low FODMAP-profiles. Amongst those, buckwheat, which does not contain any of the FODMAPs investigated, contained high amounts of other soluble non-digestible carbohydrates, namely fagopyritols; these may have a similar effect on a sensitive gut as GOS. Finally, ingredients contained mainly high levels of fructans and GOS. Yet, the analysis of commonly consumed commercial cereal products, including bread, pasta, crackers and biscuits, highlighted the relevance of lactose, fructose in excess of glucose and polyols. These products serve as benchmarks for further product development.     

Current Progress in Lipidomics of Marine Invertebrates

Marine invertebrates are a paraphyletic group that comprises more than 90% of all marine animal species. Lipids form the structural basis of cell membranes, are utilized as an energy reserve by all marine invertebrates, and are, therefore, considered important indicators of their ecology and biochemistry. The nutritional value of commercial invertebrates directly depends on their lipid composition. The lipid classes and fatty acids of marine invertebrates have been studied in detail, but data on their lipidomes (the profiles of all lipid molecules) remain very limited. To date, lipidomes or their parts are known only for a few species of mollusks, coral polyps, ascidians, jellyfish, sea anemones, sponges, sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crabs, copepods, shrimp, and squid. This paper reviews various features of the lipid molecular species of these animals. The results of the application of the lipidomic approach in ecology, embryology, physiology, lipid biosynthesis, and in studies on the nutritional value of marine invertebrates are also discussed. The possible applications of lipidomics in the study of marine invertebrates are considered.     

儿茶素生物医用纳米材料研究进展

儿茶素具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗炎和免疫调节等功能,是茶叶中含量丰富的一类生物活性物质。由于酚羟基的高活泼性导致儿茶素在生物体外及体内极易失去活性,致使其在生物体内利用度不高。近年来,纳米生物技术的发展有望通过配体设计、精准合成和智能调控等策略解决儿茶素低生物利用度的难题,并拓展其在生命健康领域中的应用。综述了近几年儿茶素生物医用纳米材料的研究进展,重点阐述了儿茶素生物医用纳米材料的抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗炎、药物递送和抗病毒等活性,对儿茶素生物医用纳米材料的构建和生物作用机制进行了探讨,并对儿茶素新材料设计及其应用前景进行了展望。     

Applications of Chitosan in Surgical and Post-Surgical Materials

The continuous advances in surgical procedures require continuous research regarding materials with surgical applications. Biopolymers are widely studied since they usually provide a biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-toxic material. Among them, chitosan is a promising material for the development of formulations and devices with surgical applications due to its intrinsic bacteriostatic, fungistatic, hemostatic, and analgesic properties. A wide range of products has been manufactured with this polymer, including scaffolds, sponges, hydrogels, meshes, membranes, sutures, fibers, and nanoparticles. The growing interest of researchers in the use of chitosan-based materials for tissue regeneration is obvious due to extensive research in the application of chitosan for the regeneration of bone, nervous tissue, cartilage, and soft tissues. Chitosan can serve as a substance for the administration of cell-growth promoters, as well as a support for cellular growth. Another interesting application of chitosan is hemostasis control, with remarkable results in studies comparing the use of chitosan-based dressings with traditional cotton gauzes. In addition, chitosan-based or chitosan-coated surgical materials provide the formulation with antimicrobial activity that has been highly appreciated not only in dressings but also for surgical sutures or meshes.     

Patterns of cross-resistance to fungicides in Botryotinia fuckeliana (Botrytis cinerea) isolates from French vineyards

Field strains of Botryotinia fuckeliana were isolated from diseased grape berries which were collected at the harvest, between 1993 and 1997, from French vineyards located in Alsace, Armagnac, Bordeaux, Champagne and Loire Valley. According to the inhibitory effects of fungicides towards spore germination, germ-tube elongation and mycelial growth, several phenotypes could be characterized. Thus, two types of benzimidazole (e.g. carbendazim, thiabendazole)-resistant strains were detected; negative cross-resistance towards diethofencarb, diphenylamine and dicloran was found only in one type. Most dicarboximide (e.g. iprodione, procymidone, vinclozolin)-resistant strains were also weakly resistant to aromatic hydrocarbon fungicides (e.g. chloroneb, dicloran, tolclofos-methyl) but remained sensitive to phenylpyrroles (e.g. fenpiclonil, fludioxonil). However, in some other dicarboximide-resistant strains, resistance was observed either as being restricted to dicarboximides or as extending weakly to phenylpyrroles. Towards anilinopyrimidines (e.g. cyprodinil, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil), three resistant phenotypes have been identified. In the most resistant one, resistance was restricted to anilinopyrimidines, whereas in the others, resistance extended to various other groups of fungicides including dicarboximides, phenylpyrroles, sterol biosynthesis inhibitors (e.g. tolfanate, prochloraz, tebuconazole) and the hydroxyanilide derivative, fenhexamid. According to the pattern of cross-resistance, two phenotypes were characterized within these multifungicide-resistant strains. In vitro tests conducted with fenpropimorph, fenpropidin and spiroxamine, revealed the existence of strains highly susceptible to these sterol Δ¹⁴- reduction inhibitors. This property was correlated with a decreased sensitivity towards fenhexamid.