先进理念指引白羽肉鸡企业走向成功

白羽肉鸡是我国农业产业在所有产业中与国际接轨时间最早、发展速度最快、产业化程度最高的产业.白羽肉鸡的饲养最初是从西方国家兴起的,它的发展潜力非常大.应用先进的理念指引我国白羽肉鸡的生产,不仅能够提高白羽肉鸡企业的经济效益,还能够促进整个白羽肉鸡业的发展.     

“公司＋农户”模式下黄羽肉鸡的分阶段饲养

黄羽肉鸡适合分阶段饲养 优质黄羽肉鸡饲养周期长,与白羽肉鸡42天出栏相比,广西黄羽肉鸡一直保持着120天左右出栏的品种特征,饲养周期相当于白羽肉鸡的三倍,这就使得肉鸡分阶段饲养成为值得探究的话题。同时,黄羽肉鸡的产业规模之所以在短期发展迅猛,有赶超自羽肉鸡的趋势,完全得益于公司＋农户的发展模式,这更加给分阶段饲养提供了良好的先天条件：与公司合作的养殖户,     

标准化白羽肉鸡的饲养管理要点

近年来,国内养鸡业发展不断朝着规模化、标准化、自动化和集约化方向发展,其中肉鸡养殖占据比重越来越高,肉鸡饲养成为当前养鸡业的"主流"之一。白羽肉鸡因其具有生长快、耗料少、肉质好、适应性强等特点,在国内的养殖规模与数量不断扩大,基于此,文章针对白羽肉鸡养殖饲养管理要点进行分析,以期进一步提升白羽肉鸡的养殖效益。     

白羽肉鸡生产技术的改进与应用

本文从实践出发,对传统的较为成熟的白羽肉鸡饲养管理技术进行了适度改进,从而实现了白羽肉鸡的精准饲料配合、精准饲养管理、精准疫病防控、精准环境控制,进一步提高了白羽肉鸡的生产性能和生态效益,对其大规模工厂化生产具有指导意义。     

浅谈白羽肉鸡三层笼养饲养管理

近年来,我国肉鸡养殖产业迅速发展.白羽肉鸡种类较多,以白洛克及考尼什品种居多.在很多国家白羽肉鸡已成为肉鸡消费的主要品种,不仅生长速度较快,出栏较快,而且有较为突出的饲料报酬以及经济收益.本文将白羽肉鸡3 层笼养饲养管理要点介绍如下.     

白羽肉鸡的科学养殖

白羽肉鸡作为经济效益突出的快大型肉鸡品种,已成为禽肉市场的主要消费品种,因此白羽肉鸡的科学养殖直接影响禽肉供给和行业发展。为此,本文从饲养管理、饲料配比和疫病防治等方面介绍了白羽肉鸡科学养殖的要点,以供参考。     

化解白羽肉鸡信任危机需打好“组合拳”

<正>"白羽肉鸡=药鸡"、"24小时不停采食"、"白羽肉鸡有8翅4腿"……近年来,与白羽肉鸡有关的谣言此起彼伏,导致消费者对白羽肉鸡的安全性无不担忧。"40多天就出栏,为何长这么快?""饲养过程中是不是用了激素?""这种肉鸡吃起来安全吗?"这些疑问如果得不到解决,白羽肉鸡市场就不     

我国白羽肉鸡饲养现状与展望

白羽肉鸡业是我国畜牧业重点发展产业之一,本文回顾和总结了我国白羽肉鸡近30年来的饲养与生产细节,并对我国主要的肉鸡出口备案饲养场与合同饲养场的养殖模式、动物福利现状进行了调查,以期让读者看到中国白羽肉鸡业发展的侧影,从而认清形势,找到不足,提升我国白羽肉鸡业的竞争力.     

2011-2012中国白羽肉鸡业：数据及形势

一 祖代种鸡生产情况 1 主要品种及产区 目前国内饲养的白羽肉鸡品种主要为：AA＋、罗斯308、科宝艾维茵。 白羽肉鸡的饲养主要集中在长江以北，以山东省、辽宁省、河南省、河北省、江苏省为主。     

有机微量元素在白羽肉鸡中的应用

本文对从出壳到出栏的1万羽肉鸡作饲料中全程添加有机微量元素锌、锰的对比饲养试验，试验结果显示有机微量元素，对白羽肉鸡生长确有促进作用，能显著降低料肉比，本人认为该方法可在白羽肉鸡饲养中推广应用。     

复合芽孢杆菌制剂对肉鸡福利的影响

试验旨在探讨饲喂或鸡舍喷洒复合芽孢杆菌制剂对肉鸡福利状况的影响。选取健康、体重相近的1日龄AA肉鸡300只,随机分在3个处理中,每个处理4个重复,每个重复25只鸡,网上平养。处理1为对照组,饲喂玉米一豆粕基础日粮;处理2为饲喂组,在基础日粮中添加复合芽孢杆菌制剂200mg／kg;处理3为喷洒组,在鸡舍空气中喷洒复合芽孢杆菌喷剂。41日龄时对各处理肉鸡的福利状况进行评估。结果表明,饲喂组和喷洒组肉鸡试验期没有出现死亡,而对照组的死亡率为3％,各组间肉鸡死亡率差异不显著（P〉0．05）;肉鸡羽毛清洁度与步态评分结果优劣次序为：喷洒组〉饲喂组〉对照组;饲喂或喷洒芽孢杆菌的肉鸡脚垫评分都优于对照组;从跗关节损伤度来看,各处理组评分结果优劣程度为：对照组优于喷洒组,喷洒组优于饲喂组。试验结果显示,在AA肉鸡日粮中添加复合芽孢杆菌制剂或在鸡舍中喷洒复合芽孢杆菌制剂可以在一定程度上改善肉鸡的福利状况。     

早期饲喂与早期禁食对肉雏消化系统和免疫器官发育的影响

选择160只新出壳AA肉仔鸡,随机分成2组(早期饲喂组和早期禁食组)研究早期饲喂与禁食对肉雏消化系统和免疫器官发育的影响。结果表明:早期饲喂组鸡的体重显著大于早期禁食组(P<0.05)。鸡的法氏囊指数和脾脏指数组间差异显著(P<0.05),卵黄囊中鸡新城疫抗体水平组间差异也显著(P<0.05)。早期饲喂组鸡的胰腺各种酶的活性和空肠淀粉酶的活性都高于早期禁食组(P<0.05)。     

饲粮蛋氨酸水平对高密度饲养肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化及抗应激能力的影响

【目的】 探讨饲粮蛋氨酸对肉鸡高密度饲养下生长性能、抗氧化和应激反应的影响。【方法】 选取1日龄爱拔益加（AA）肉鸡396只,1~21日龄统一饲喂,于21日龄末选取体重相近的肉鸡随机分为5个处理,每个处理6个重复。对照组肉鸡饲养密度为14只/m²,蛋氨酸水平为0.40%;4个试验组肉鸡饲养密度为20只/m²,饲粮蛋氨酸水平分别为0.35%、0.40%、0.45%和0.50%。试验期21 d,于42日龄采集血浆、肝脏样品,测定应激和抗氧化能力相关指标。【结果】 ①与正常密度组相比,高密度饲养显著降低了42日龄肉鸡体重（BW）、平均日采食量（ADFI）和平均日增重（ADG）（P<0.05）,显著提高了肉鸡死亡率（P<0.05）。在高密度饲养情况下：料重比在蛋氨酸水平为0.35%时最高,随着日粮蛋氨酸水平的上升呈线性下降（P<0.05）;与蛋氨酸水平0.35%组相比,0.45%和0.50%蛋氨酸组肉鸡死亡率显著降低（P<0.05）。②与正常密度组相比,高密度饲养组的血浆总抗氧化力（T-AOC）显著降低（P<0.05）,而超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、蛋白质羰基（PCO）水平显著上升（P<0.05）。在高密度饲养情况下,血浆PCO水平随着日粮蛋氨酸水平上升呈线性降低（P<0.05）。③与正常密度组相比,高密度饲养显著降低了总蛋白（TP）浓度（P<0.05）,提高了谷丙转氨酶（ALT）活性（P<0.05）。在高密度饲养情况下,0.50%蛋氨酸水平组血浆TP水平、谷草转氨酶（AST）活性显著高于0.35%和0.40%蛋氨酸组（P<0.05）;0.35%蛋氨酸组的血浆肌酸激酶（CK）活性显著低于其他组（P<0.05）,0.40%和0.45%蛋氨酸组ALT活性显著低于0.35%组（P<0.05）。④与正常密度组相比,高密度饲养显著提高了肝脏中热休克蛋白（HSP70）基因相对表达量（P<0.05）。在高密度饲养情况下,0.35%和0.50%蛋氨酸水平组的HSP70显著高于0.45%水平组（P<0.05）。与正常饲养密度组相比,0.35%和0.50%蛋氨酸组HMG-CoA还原酶（HMGCR）基因相对表达量显著上升（P<0.05）。【结论】 饲养密度与蛋氨酸添加水平对肉鸡的生长性能、应激程度、抗氧化能力均产生了一定影响,高密度饲养可引起肉鸡的应激反应,并对肝功能造成损伤。在高密度饲养条件下,蛋氨酸限制会造成肉鸡死亡率升高,较高蛋氨酸水平也不利于肉鸡肝脏健康。而蛋氨酸水平在0.45%时有较好的抗应激、抗氧化效果,有益于肉鸡生长。     

烟酰胺与丁酸钠对高密度笼养肉鸡肝脏和肠道氧化应激与炎症反应的影响

为探究烟酰胺和丁酸钠对高密度笼养肉鸡抗氧化和缓解炎症的作用效果,试验采用342只26日龄AA+雄性肉鸡,随机分为5组,每组6个重复。对照组为正常密度组(12.9只/m²)和高密度组(17.1只/m²),试验组为高密度分别饲喂烟酰胺组(50 mg/kg)、丁酸钠(500 mg/kg)、复合添加组(50 mg/kg烟酰胺+500 mg/kg丁酸钠),饲养至46日龄,测定生产性能、血清抗氧化指标、肝脏抗氧化基因mRNA表达和盲肠炎性因子mRNA表达。结果表明:高饲养密度较正常密度组显著降低了肉鸡采食量和体增重,烟酰胺组和复合添加组可缓解高饲养密度造成的生产性能下降的趋势;与正常密度组相比,高密度组显著上调了肝脏中血红素加氧酶(HO-1)、核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)、盲肠扁桃体白介素6(IL6)、白介素10(IL10)mRNA的表达;与高密度组相比,复合添加烟酰胺和丁酸钠显著上调了肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、HO-1、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和Nrf2的mRNA表达量,显著下调盲肠扁桃体IL6、IL10基因mRNA的表达量。综上可知,在高密度笼养条件下,家禽饲粮中复合添加烟酰胺和丁酸钠可以提高肉鸡的生产性能,缓解高密度氧化应激导致的肉鸡炎症基因表达,Keap1-Nrf2-ARE信号通路可能参与了烟酰胺和丁酸钠对肉鸡抗氧化能力的调控。     

菌糠配合饲料饲养肉用仔鸡试验

用菌糠替代肉用仔鸡基础日粮中的玉米，替代量从占日粮的１０％至全部替代，６周末统计空腹活重、料重比、成活率等。经方差分析表明，菌糠可以完全替代玉米，各组生产性能与对照组相比，差异不显著。     

A comparison of the feeding behaviour of young broiler and layer males

The feeding patterns of young broilers were compared with those of young layers to see if any differences might explain the faster growth rate of broilers. During 5 d of observation, the broilers ate almost twice as much as the layers and gained twice as much weight. However, the broilers also converted their food more efficiently and it was thought that this accounted for their faster growth rate. Since there was no difference in the ability of the two strains to digest their food, and since any differences in basal metabolic rate between the strains were likely to be small, it was suggested that the layer strain probably expended more energy on various behavioural responses. The broilers spent half as much time feeding as the layers but ate more meals which were larger and of shorter duration than those of the layers. Although both strains showed the same daily pattern of food consumption, their patterns of feeding activity differed markedly and in general feeding activity bore little relation to food intake.     

Effects of feeding deoxynivalenol contaminated wheat on growth performance, organ weights and histological parameters of the intestine of broiler chickens

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of moderate dietary concentrations of deoxynivalenol (DON) during a 21-day feeding experiment on the performance of broilers. Fifteen 1-day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into two groups. The control group was fed non-contaminated diet. Another group of broilers was fed a diet naturally contaminated with 5 mg DON/kg diet. Deoxynivalenol had no effect (p > 0.05) on feed consumption, feed conversion, body-weight gain, live body weight or mortality. The absolute and relative weight of the organs (gizzard, pancreas, heart, spleen, colon and caecum) were not altered by the dietary inclusion of DON contaminated grain. However, both the absolute and relative weight of small intestine was decreased (p < 0.01) in DON fed broilers compared to the controls. No gross lesions were detected in any of the organs of birds fed contaminated wheat during the feeding trial. The microscopic examination revealed that, the height and the width of villi in duodenum decreased (p < 0.05) in birds fed DON contaminated wheat compared to controls. On the other hand the height and the width of jejunum villi were not affected (p > 0.05). This study indicates that feeding DON for 21 days to broiler chickens at a concentration of up to 5 mg/kg of diet influenced the weight of the small intestine as well as intestinal histology, especially the duodenum, as evidenced by shorter and thinner villi. In conclusion, diets with DON contamination below levels that induce negative impact on health and performance could affect small intestinal morphology in broilers.     

蛋公鸡强饲法评估非淀粉多糖酶对肉仔鸡日粮表观代谢能值的作用效果

以 2 4 0只艾维茵肉仔鸡和 2 4只海兰褐成年蛋公鸡为试验动物 ,通过代谢试验研究非淀粉多糖酶对肉仔鸡和成年蛋公鸡能量利用的作用效果。试验结果表明 :在含有 1.8%小麦总戊聚糖、0 .2 %可溶性小麦戊聚糖的日粮中添加酶制剂对肉仔鸡的生产性能影响不显著 (P >0 .0 5 )。三种饲用酶制剂显著影响 3周龄肉仔鸡的能量利用 ,分别提高日粮表观代谢能值 (AME) 3.5 % ,4 .9% ,3.5 % (P =0 .0 2 9,0 .0 0 4 ,0 .0 2 3)。通过回归方程 (AME3周龄肉仔鸡 =1.16 0×AME蛋公鸡 - 1.30 9,R2 =0 .989,P =0 .0 0 6 ) ,可以成年蛋公鸡为模型 ,采用排空强饲法快速评估酶制剂对 3周龄肉仔鸡日粮表观代谢能值的影响。     

Energy and protein concentration of broiler rations in Cuba. 4. Female broilers in the summer

A total of 1,900 female broilers of the variety White Plymouth Rock was tested with 4 energy concentrations (10.5, 11.5, 12.6 and 13.6 MJ metabolizable energy/kg feed) and 4 protein concentrations (15.0, 17.5, 20.0 and 22.5% CP) in their first 56 days of life in 16 test groups. The animals were kept in cages and were directly exposed to the natural Cuban summer temperatures from their 15th day of life onwards. As every test group was run with 6 repetitions, the results could be variance analytically calculated. In a comparison of male and female broilers in summer one can state that the female animals achieved a lower intake of feed, energy and crude protein as well as a lower live weight than the male animals. In winter the female broilers consumed between 15.7 and 36.4% more feed and achieved a live weight gain between 11.1 and 43% higher than in summer. It could be shown that the maximum live weight of the female broilers could be achieved in summer if rations containing 12.6 MJ metabolizable energy and 20% CP are fed in a one-phase feeding system.     

Sequential feeding of whole wheat to growing broiler chickens

1. Four broiler feeding trials were performed to examine the suitability of a whole wheat sequential feeding regimen for commercial broiler production. The sequential feeding programme gave a continuous cycle of ad libitum access to only whole wheat followed by the same time of access to only a pelleted diet. The pelleted diet provided a concentration of nutrients to balance that provided by the whole wheat. This was called a balancer diet.

2. The first trial used 144 cage‐reared broilers from 28 to 49 d of age. Four different times of access (4, 8, 12 and 24 h) to the two alternate foods were compared. A whole wheat choice‐feeding treatment and a complete single diet treatment were also compared. Whole wheat accounted for over 40% of the broilers’ total food intakes when they were given the sequential feeding treatments of 8 h or greater. The whole wheat intakes of the birds given the 4 h sequential feeding and the choice‐feeding were only 20 and 5% respectively. There was a non linear relationship between the weight gains of the broilers and the length of the sequential feeding period (P< 0.01). The growth rates of the broilers given sequential feeding were lowest (P< 0.05) in the 4‐h feeding periods but highest (P< 0.05) in the 8‐h periods. Weight gains decreased (P< 0.01) linearly as the sequential feeding periods were increased above 8 h.

3. A second trial, using 144 cage‐reared broilers, examined the effect of different balancer compositions or different wheat varieties in 8‐h sequential feeding. The broilers selected more whole wheat in their diet when they were given balancers with increased cereal contents. However, these broilers did not eat enough whole wheat to compensate for the reduced cereal content of the balancers and their overall diets had lower energy: protein ratios. The two different wheat samples did not result in any differences (P> 0.05) in the proportion of whole wheat selected by the broilers.

4. A third trial compared the diet selections, weight gains, food intakes and water excretions of 72 cage‐reared broilers given whole wheat feeding regimens. The growth rates of the broilers given a loose mix of whole wheat and a pelleted balancer diet were similar (P> 0.05) to broilers given a complete single diet. The growth rates of these two groups were 7% greater (P< 0.05) than broilers given choice‐feeding or 8‐h sequential feeding. There were no differences (P> 0.05) in the total amounts of water excreted among the 4 treatments.

5. The fourth trial used 828 broilers distributed in 6 floor pens. They were given either a complete diet or an 8‐h whole wheat sequential feeding regimen from 25 to 46 d of age. The food intakes and the growth rates of the broilers were reduced (P<0–05) in die sequential feeding treatment by 9% and 5% respectively. There was no difference (P> 005) in litter moisture between the 2 treatments.