嘉丰优2号在顺昌县作中稻种植表现及高产抛秧栽培技术

嘉丰优2号是浙江省嘉兴市农业科学研究院与浙江可得丰种业有限公司合作,利用自育粳稻三系不育系嘉禾212A与优质籼型三系恢复系P025配组育成的单季籼粳杂交稻新品种,2017年通过浙江省农作物品种审定,2018年通过福建省引种备案.2019—2020年顺昌县引进嘉丰优2号作中稻试种、示范种植,结果嘉丰优2号表现适应性广、产...     

顺昌县优质杂交稻新品种比较试验

引进泰丰优2068、嘉丰优2号、荃优212、恒优丝占、野香优676等5个水稻新品种在顺昌县作中稻种植,以宜优673为对照进行品种简比试验,试验结果表明:嘉丰优2号、荃优212、野香优676、泰丰优2068等4个品种丰产性好、抗性强、生育期适中,株型较紧凑,穗大粒多、后期转色好,综合性状良好等特点,适宜在顺昌县作为中稻推广品种扩大示范种植。     

籼粳杂交稻嘉丰优2号在金华种植的适宜播期初步研究

为研究籼粳杂交稻嘉丰优2号在金华地区种植的适宜播期,设置7个播期处理开展试验.结果表明,嘉丰优2号随着播种期推迟,播齐天数减少,产量先升高后降低,作单季晚稻种植时,以5月15-25日播种为宜;作连作晚稻种植时,适宜播期为6月24-30日.     

优质稻新品种直播简比试验

引进3个优质稻新品种,以宜优673为对照,在顺昌县双溪街道溪兰村作中稻直播对比试验。结果表明,隆两优黄莉占、泰两优217、嘉丰优2号综合性状表现都比较好,尤其隆两优黄莉占,产量增幅达8.99%,比对照宜优673增产明显,可在双溪作中稻直播示范推广种植。     

优质籼粳杂交水稻新组合嘉丰优2号在温州种植表现及高产栽培技术

介绍了优质籼粳杂交水稻新组合嘉丰优2号在温州市的种植表现,总结了其特征特性及高产栽培技术。     

泰优2068在顺昌县作烟后稻机插试种表现及栽培技术

泰优2068系广西恒茂农业科技有限公司、广东省农业科学院水稻研究所、江西现代种业有限公司用泰丰A×广恢2068杂交育成的籼型三系杂交晚稻新品种。2018年在顺昌县洋墩乡田溪村、均仓村作烟后稻示范种植,表现生育期适中、丰产性好、后期转色好、米质优等特点。     

嘉丰优2号在建阳区作烟后稻机插表现及高产栽培技术

嘉丰优2号是浙江省嘉兴市农业科学研究院用粳稻三系不育系嘉禾212A与优质籼型三系恢复系P025配组育成的偏籼型单季籼粳杂交稻新品种.2018年建阳区引进嘉丰优2号作烟后稻机插示范种植,经过3 a的示范种植,结果嘉丰优2号表现出良好的农艺性状,群体长势均衡,剑叶卷曲、挺直、深绿,穗大粒多、丰产性好、米质优、抗逆性较强等特...     

中浙优8号在建瓯市作晚稻种植表现及高产栽培技术

中浙优8号是由中国水稻研究所与浙江勿忘农种业股份有限公司合作用T-8与中浙A配组育成的晚籼型优质高产杂交稻,2013年通过福建省引种认定。2016—2017年引进建瓯市水源乡作晚稻种植,表现株型挺拔,分蘖力强,穗大粒多,结实率高,丰产性好,中抗稻瘟病,米质优。总结了中浙优8号在建瓯市作晚稻种植表现及高产栽培技术。     

单季杂交水稻新组合嘉丰优2号高产栽培技术途径分析

为明确单季杂交水稻新组合嘉丰优2号的高产栽培技术途径,汇总整理了2017—2018年浙江、福建2省8点、66组嘉丰优2号经济性状考查数据,比较了嘉丰优2号不同产量水平有效穗数、每穗粒数、千粒重的产量结构,并运用相关、回归及通径分析的方法,研究明确了嘉丰优2号高产栽培技术途径为主攻有效穗数,在此基础上,适当兼顾粒数和粒重。     

杂交稻新品种直播对比试验

2017年在顺昌县进行杂交中稻新品种晶两优华占、C两优华占、两优820、嘉中科2号的直播对比试验,筛选适合顺昌县直播栽培的水稻品种。结果表明,晶两优华占、嘉优中科2号生育期适中,直播栽培增产效果明显,适宜在顺昌县作直播稻推广种植。总结了参试品种的产量及特征特性表现。     

辽宁省水稻品种苗期耐盐能力评价

对辽宁省29个水稻品种苗期150mmol/L NaCl水溶液处理条件下苗高、根长、根数、单株苗干重等指标进行分析,并对品种进行聚类.结果表明,盐丰47-8、辽盐282、辽粳371、辽盐12、桥201-2、辽盐241苗期耐盐能力较强,盐粳98、辽开79-3、沈农9418、铁粳4号、辽2096、沈农9741、盐粳34、铁粳...     

Emergent Sources of Prebiotics: Seaweeds and Microalgae

In recent years, scientists have become aware that human microbiota, in general, and gut microbiota, in particular, play a major role in human health and diseases, such as obesity and diabetes, among others. A large number of evidence has come to light regarding the beneficial effects, either for the host or the gut microbiota, of some foods and food ingredients or biochemical compounds. Among these, the most promising seem to be polysaccharides (PS) or their derivatives, and they include the dietary fibers. Some of these PS can be found in seaweeds and microalgae, some being soluble fibers, such as alginates, fucoidans, carrageenans and exopolysaccharides, that are not fermented, at least not completely, by colonic microbiota. This review gives an overview of the importance of the dietary fibers, as well as the benefits of prebiotics, to human health. The potential of the PS from marine macro- and microalgae to act as prebiotics is discussed, and the different techniques to obtain oligosaccharides from PS are presented. The mechanisms of the benefits of fiber, in general, and the types and benefits of algal fibers in human health are highlighted. The findings of some recent studies that present the potential effects of prebiotics on animal models of algal biomass and their extracts, as well as oligo- and polysaccharides, are presented. In the future, the possibility of using prebiotics to modulate the microbiome, and, consequently, prevent certain human diseases is foreseen.     

恩施自治州马铃薯产业现状、问题及对策

本文分析了恩施自治州马铃薯产业发展的优势:地理环境优势、气候条件优势、科学技术优势、交通优势、政策扶持优势等;指出了存在的主要问题:品种结构不合理、种薯质量不合格、农民的换种意识不强、种植规模小、劳动力缺乏、加工企业少,加工链不长等;提出了进一步发展的建议:建立科技支撑平台、加大政府宣传、加大资金投入、完善种薯推广机构、引进扶持加工企业等。     

中国农家玉米品种性状变异研究

研究了我国主要农家玉米品种的生育期、主茎叶数、株高、茎粗、穗位、穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、穗粒重、千粒重及出籽率12个数量性状的变异情况,并对其株型、穗型、穗轴颜色、子粒类型及子粒颜色5个质量性状变异进行了简要分析.我国农家玉米品种数量性状的变幅较大,特别是株高、穗粒重和穗位等性状.同时,农家品种也具有它们独特的优异性状,对于育种材料改良有着重要意义。     

含硒植物营养剂对桃和梨吸收铅、镉、汞的拮抗作用

采用田间试验,研究含硒植物营养剂对水蜜桃和沙梨果实中有益矿物质元素硒和重金属元素铅、镉、汞的影响。结果表明,植物营养剂处理水蜜桃果实中有益矿物质元素硒含量比对照增加1 132.7%,重金属元素铅、镉、汞含量比对照分别减少了83.5%,65.5%,23.9%;植物营养剂处理沙梨果实中有益矿物质元素硒含量比对照增加了1 542.9%,重金属元素铅、镉、汞含量比对照分别减少了30.0%,23.9%,6.3%。     

Current Progress in Lipidomics of Marine Invertebrates

Marine invertebrates are a paraphyletic group that comprises more than 90% of all marine animal species. Lipids form the structural basis of cell membranes, are utilized as an energy reserve by all marine invertebrates, and are, therefore, considered important indicators of their ecology and biochemistry. The nutritional value of commercial invertebrates directly depends on their lipid composition. The lipid classes and fatty acids of marine invertebrates have been studied in detail, but data on their lipidomes (the profiles of all lipid molecules) remain very limited. To date, lipidomes or their parts are known only for a few species of mollusks, coral polyps, ascidians, jellyfish, sea anemones, sponges, sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crabs, copepods, shrimp, and squid. This paper reviews various features of the lipid molecular species of these animals. The results of the application of the lipidomic approach in ecology, embryology, physiology, lipid biosynthesis, and in studies on the nutritional value of marine invertebrates are also discussed. The possible applications of lipidomics in the study of marine invertebrates are considered.     

Characterization of the FODMAP-profile in cereal-product ingredients

Cereal-based products, such as bread, are staple foods in the western diet. Due to the nature of their basic ingredients and the diversity of recipes, the amount of fermentable short-chain carbohydrates (FODMAPs) in those products may be high. This study characterized the FODMAP-profiles of a broad range of cereal-product ingredients, serving as a basis for low FODMAP product development. Different cereals, pseudo-cereals, gluten-free flours, pulses, pulse protein ingredients, commercial sprouts, and other cereal-product ingredients were analyzed, using anion-exchange chromatography with electrochemical detection. Wheat and related cereals were high in fructans. Pulses, such as peas contained high galactooligosaccharides (GOS) amounts. Whereas GOS levels in pulse protein ingredients varied, depending on their production. Gluten-free flours, for instance, rice-flour, showed low FODMAP-profiles. Amongst those, buckwheat, which does not contain any of the FODMAPs investigated, contained high amounts of other soluble non-digestible carbohydrates, namely fagopyritols; these may have a similar effect on a sensitive gut as GOS. Finally, ingredients contained mainly high levels of fructans and GOS. Yet, the analysis of commonly consumed commercial cereal products, including bread, pasta, crackers and biscuits, highlighted the relevance of lactose, fructose in excess of glucose and polyols. These products serve as benchmarks for further product development.     

儿茶素生物医用纳米材料研究进展

儿茶素具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗炎和免疫调节等功能,是茶叶中含量丰富的一类生物活性物质。由于酚羟基的高活泼性导致儿茶素在生物体外及体内极易失去活性,致使其在生物体内利用度不高。近年来,纳米生物技术的发展有望通过配体设计、精准合成和智能调控等策略解决儿茶素低生物利用度的难题,并拓展其在生命健康领域中的应用。综述了近几年儿茶素生物医用纳米材料的研究进展,重点阐述了儿茶素生物医用纳米材料的抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗炎、药物递送和抗病毒等活性,对儿茶素生物医用纳米材料的构建和生物作用机制进行了探讨,并对儿茶素新材料设计及其应用前景进行了展望。     

Applications of Chitosan in Surgical and Post-Surgical Materials

The continuous advances in surgical procedures require continuous research regarding materials with surgical applications. Biopolymers are widely studied since they usually provide a biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-toxic material. Among them, chitosan is a promising material for the development of formulations and devices with surgical applications due to its intrinsic bacteriostatic, fungistatic, hemostatic, and analgesic properties. A wide range of products has been manufactured with this polymer, including scaffolds, sponges, hydrogels, meshes, membranes, sutures, fibers, and nanoparticles. The growing interest of researchers in the use of chitosan-based materials for tissue regeneration is obvious due to extensive research in the application of chitosan for the regeneration of bone, nervous tissue, cartilage, and soft tissues. Chitosan can serve as a substance for the administration of cell-growth promoters, as well as a support for cellular growth. Another interesting application of chitosan is hemostasis control, with remarkable results in studies comparing the use of chitosan-based dressings with traditional cotton gauzes. In addition, chitosan-based or chitosan-coated surgical materials provide the formulation with antimicrobial activity that has been highly appreciated not only in dressings but also for surgical sutures or meshes.     

Patterns of cross-resistance to fungicides in Botryotinia fuckeliana (Botrytis cinerea) isolates from French vineyards

Field strains of Botryotinia fuckeliana were isolated from diseased grape berries which were collected at the harvest, between 1993 and 1997, from French vineyards located in Alsace, Armagnac, Bordeaux, Champagne and Loire Valley. According to the inhibitory effects of fungicides towards spore germination, germ-tube elongation and mycelial growth, several phenotypes could be characterized. Thus, two types of benzimidazole (e.g. carbendazim, thiabendazole)-resistant strains were detected; negative cross-resistance towards diethofencarb, diphenylamine and dicloran was found only in one type. Most dicarboximide (e.g. iprodione, procymidone, vinclozolin)-resistant strains were also weakly resistant to aromatic hydrocarbon fungicides (e.g. chloroneb, dicloran, tolclofos-methyl) but remained sensitive to phenylpyrroles (e.g. fenpiclonil, fludioxonil). However, in some other dicarboximide-resistant strains, resistance was observed either as being restricted to dicarboximides or as extending weakly to phenylpyrroles. Towards anilinopyrimidines (e.g. cyprodinil, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil), three resistant phenotypes have been identified. In the most resistant one, resistance was restricted to anilinopyrimidines, whereas in the others, resistance extended to various other groups of fungicides including dicarboximides, phenylpyrroles, sterol biosynthesis inhibitors (e.g. tolfanate, prochloraz, tebuconazole) and the hydroxyanilide derivative, fenhexamid. According to the pattern of cross-resistance, two phenotypes were characterized within these multifungicide-resistant strains. In vitro tests conducted with fenpropimorph, fenpropidin and spiroxamine, revealed the existence of strains highly susceptible to these sterol Δ¹⁴- reduction inhibitors. This property was correlated with a decreased sensitivity towards fenhexamid.