黄芩多糖体外抗氧化活性研究

目的:探讨黄芩多糖的体外抗氧化活性。方法:从还原力,清除DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和羟基自由基4个方面研究黄芩多糖的体外抗氧化活性,并与VC进行比较。结果:黄芩多糖对上述自由基均有不同程度清除作用,其还原力较低;清除DPPH自由基的能力略低于VC;对超氧阴离子清除能力强于VC,EC50为0.261 mg/mL;对羟自由基的清除能力弱于VC,EC50为0.724 mg/mL。结论:黄芩多糖具有一定的体外抗氧化能力。     

云南野生玛卡多糖的提取及抗氧化研究

试验采用水提醇沉法从玛卡中提取多糖,并对其含量及抗氧化活性进行研究。结果表明,玛卡多糖提取率为31.52%,玛卡多糖中多糖含量为95.75%,葡萄糖醛酸含量为4.17%。体外抗氧化试验表明玛卡多糖对羟自由基(·OH)、超氧阴离子自由基(O_2~-·)和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基(DPPH·)有一定清除作用。     

柞蚕丝胶抗氧化性研究

从清除DPPH自由基、清除超氧阴离子自由基(O2-)、清除羟自由基(-OH)三方面,对柞蚕丝胶的抗氧化性进行了研究。试验结果显示,5%柞蚕丝胶溶液和其胰蛋白酶酶解液,DPPH清除率分别为49.96%、10.6%;超氧阴离子自由基(O2-)清除率分别为20%、40%;羟自由基(-OH)清除率分别为40%、64%。试验表明,柞蚕丝胶具有一定的抗氧化活性。     

料水比对桔梗多糖提取率及抗氧化活性的影响

为了研究料水比对桔梗多糖提取率及抗氧化活性的影响,试验对桔梗多糖(热水浸提法)的多糖提取率、总还原能力和清除羟自由基能力进行测定。结果表明:料水比为1∶20时,多糖提取率最高为33.43%;各个料水比条件下,总还原能力和清除羟自由基的能力与桔梗多糖的浓度呈量效关系,其中多糖浓度为13 mg/m L时抗氧化能力最强。总还原能力由大到小依次为1∶201∶301∶401∶10=1∶50;清除羟自由基的能力由大到小依次为1∶301∶201∶101∶401∶50。综合各因素考虑,1∶20为桔梗多糖提取的最佳料水比。     

甜荞总黄酮的体外抗氧化活性研究

为了探讨甜养总黄酮提取物体外抗氧化作用,通过DPPH法、改良Smimof法和邻苯三酚自氧化法分别测定甜荞总黄酮化合物清除DPPH·自由基、羟自由基(·OH)和超氧阴离子自由基(·O_2~-)的效果。结果表明,在试验的浓度范围内,甜养总黄酮提取物能有效清除DPPH·自由基及超氧阴离子自由基,且随着提取物浓度的升高,其自由基清除能力也显著提高。表明甜荞总黄酮提取物具有较强的体外抗氧化活性。     

柳芽粗多糖超声辅助提取工艺优化及抗氧化活性分析

为了优化柳芽粗多糖(crude polysaccharide of willow bud,CPW)提取工艺并考察其体外抗氧化活性,试验采用超声辅助水提醇沉法提取柳芽粗多糖,并运用响应面分析法进行优化;以维生素C(vitamin C,VC)为对照,通过比色法检测其总抗氧化能力、清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基(DPPH·)以及抑制超氧阴离子自由基(O₂^-·)和羟自由基(·OH)的能力,评价CPW体外抗氧化效果。结果表明：CPW最佳提取工艺为液料比70∶1(mL/g),水浴温度56℃,超声功率440 W;采用该提取工艺对CPW的提取率达到6.6%。不同浓度CPW能够有效清除DPPH·和抑制·OH和O₂^-·的产生。说明优化的CPW超声辅助提取工艺切实可行,且所提取的CPW抗氧化能力较好。     

蒲公英黄酮与多糖对DPPH清除能力比较研究

考察不同质量浓度蒲公英黄酮和多糖对DPPH(1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼)的清除能力并进行比较。试验利用醇沉法超声提取蒲公英黄酮,水提法超声提取蒲公英多糖,采用紫外分光光度计法测定此黄酮及多糖提取物对DPPH自由基的清除效果,利用统计学方法分析黄酮及多糖清除DPPH自由基的差异性。结果表明:当黄酮质量浓度为1.6 mg/m L时,DPPH清除效果最佳,清除率达96.11%,IC50(抑制剂的半抑制质量浓度)值为0.38 mg/m L;当多糖质量浓度为1.4 mg/m L时,DPPH清除效果最佳,清除率达89.33%,IC50值为0.51 mg/m L;统计学结果显示蒲公英黄酮及多糖对DPPH自由基清除效果差异显著(P0.05)。研究首次对蒲公英黄酮与多糖清除DPPH自由基效果进行比较,蒲公英黄酮及多糖均对DPPH自由基清除效果较好,但黄酮的清除效果显著高于多糖的清除效果(P0.05)。试验结论为进一步开展蒲公英黄酮研究奠定理论基础,也为开发利用蒲公英资源提供理论依据。     

山豆根多糖体外清除自由基作用的研究

采用邻二氮菲-Fe2 氧化法测定了山豆根多糖(SSP1)清除羟自由基(.OH)的作用,应用邻苯三酚自氧化反应体系为产生超氧阴离子自由基(O2.)模型观察了SSP1对超氧阴离子的清除作用,选择辣根过氧化物酶-酚红法测定了山豆根多糖对H2O2的清除作用.结果表明,山豆根多糖(50～400 mg/l)具有清除羟自由基的作用,且呈明显的量效关系;对邻苯三酚自氧化具有抑制作用,对调理酵母多糖诱导的小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞释放H2O2具有抑制作用.该结果提示山豆根多糖具有抗氧化作用.     

昆仑雪菊黄酮提取物体外抗氧化活性试验

为了研究昆仑雪菊黄酮提取物(KFE)体外抗氧化活性,采用超声法提取昆仑雪菊中黄酮,乙醇浓度95%、温度40℃、时间15 min,提取3次。经过测定1 g昆仑雪菊粉末中含有0.125 g黄酮。分别用普鲁士蓝还原法、水杨酸法、邻苯三酚自氧化法、DPPH法以及硫代巴比妥酸法测定不同浓度下KFE的还原能力,对羟自由基(·OH)、超氧阴离子(O~(2-))、DPPH自由基的清除能力以及对脂质过氧化的抑制率。结果表明,KFE还原能力随浓度上升而增强,但弱于维生素C;对羟自由基清除能力在110 g/mL最强,清除率为18.72%,高于维生素C;清除超氧阴离子的能力弱;DPPH自由基清除能力在302.5 g/mL最强,清除率为94.47%;脂质体系抗氧化能力在605 g/mL最强,抑制率为54.22%。结果表明,KFE具有一定的抗氧化活性。     

柠檬酸法提取海带多糖及对抗氧化活性的影响

采用柠檬酸提取法和碱提取法从海带中提取多糖组分,以DPPH自由基清除能力为衡量抗氧化活性指标,探究柠檬酸法提取的海带粗多糖的抗氧化活性。试验结果表明,柠檬酸提取法提取得到的海带粗多糖0.9mg/mL时,DPPH自由基清除率为28.99%,具有良好的抗氧化活性。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.