榆林沙区樟子松物候观测

对榆林沙区樟子松进行了连续3 a的物候观测,结果表明,在榆林沙区樟子松历经3 a完成1个物候周期。4月上中旬芽生长,4月中下旬至6月上中旬枝生长,4月中旬至6月中下旬针叶生长,4月中下旬至5月上旬雄球花产生、散粉,4月底至5月上旬雌球花授粉,5月上旬至7月上旬幼果形成、生长,2年球果9月底至10月初成熟。不同立地、林分生长的樟子松单株物候具有差异性。日平均温度和活动积温是影响物候期出现时间及持续时间的重要因素。     

榆林沙区班克松物候及年生长规律观测

对榆林沙区2009年引种栽培的班克松进行了连续3年的物候及年生长规律观测。结果表明:班克松在榆林沙区4月上旬芽膨大,4月下旬至5月下旬主梢、枝生长旺盛,年平均生长量主梢47.7cm、侧枝19.9cm,6月中下旬芽完全形成。4月底至6月中旬针叶生长,平均2.63cm。雄球花5月初散粉高峰期,雌球花4月底5月初授粉。5月上中旬幼果形成,二年球果4月底至5月底生长迅速,平均纵径34.15cm,横径17.13cm,9月中旬球果成熟。     

东北红豆杉有性生殖器官形态建成观察

本文对东北红豆杉雌、雄球花及果实发育形态建成和生殖物候进行观察,结果表明:花芽形成于上一年7—9月,雌球花在树冠上的分布较均匀,雄球花绝大多数分布于树冠的中下部,雌、雄球花多着生在树冠外部枝条叶腋处。4月中旬珠柄伸长,胚珠外露,胚珠珠孔液滴出现,小孢子叶球伸出、散粉。4月下旬至5月初胚珠珠孔液滴和小孢子叶球散粉出现盛期和末期。珠孔接受花粉最佳时期与散粉期均为7~10 d,雌、雄植株花期同步性较高。授精后,子房开始膨大生长,7、8月份为果实膨大期,9月上旬,假种皮初熟。9月中旬至下旬,果实直径最大。9月中旬至10月下旬假种皮陆续成熟、干枯。10月上旬至11月上旬果实陆续成熟、脱落。     

濒危植物盐桦的物候观测

以濒危植物盐桦为研究对象,对其萌芽期、展叶期、开花期、果熟期及新梢生长期等主要物候期进行观测。结果表明:4月上旬叶芽开始萌动,进入生长期,4月中旬花芽开始膨大形成花蕾,4月14日始花,4月16—20日进入开花盛期,随后进入果实生长期;5月初为幼果形成期,9月上中旬为果实成熟期,中旬以后果实开始脱落。4月初春梢始长,5月盐桦枝条上再次抽生新梢。     

2种绣眼鸟迁徒规律研究初报

暗绿绣眼鸟 (ｚｏｓｔｅｒｏｐｓｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ .部分为夏侯鸟 )和红协绣眼鸟 (ｚｏｓｔｅｒｏｐｓｅｒｙｔｈｒｏｐｌｅｕｒａ)在青岛为旅鸟 ,迁徙数量较大。 1998～ 2 0 0 0年 ,对其迁徙规律进行了研究 ,初步认定 :两种绣眼鸟均喜结群迁徙 ,迁徙期 :暗绿绣眼鸟 ,春季 4月中旬～ 5月上旬 ,高峰期 4月 2 4日～ 5月 8日 ,秋季 9月中旬～ 10月底 ,高峰期 9月 2 7日～ 10月 2 5日 ;红协绣眼鸟 ,春秋 5月上旬～ 5月中旬 ,高峰期 5月 2 0日～ 2 3日。秋季 9月下旬～ 10月底 ,高峰期 10月 2日～ 19日。1　研究方法1998年至 2 0 0 0年 ,分别在中…     

内蒙古林科院树木园云杉属植物的物候特征

于2016—2019年在内蒙古林科院树木园对10种引种驯化云杉属植物的物候进行了初步观测和分析,以期为保存现有品种和继续引种驯化提供理论基础.结果表明:10种云杉属植物进入各个物候发生时间随年度不同出现波动,但物候发生顺序不变,基本在4月上旬进入顶芽萌动始期,4月中下旬进入展叶期,4月底5月初进入始花期,7月中下旬进入...     

食芽象的生物学特性及防治

食茅象一年1代,以幼虫在地下5～10cm 深土层内作土室越冬。幼虫翌年4月中旬开始化蛹,4月底至5月上旬为成虫盛发期,成虫有假死性。卵多产于枣股落性枝痕和裂皮缝内。5月中旬开始孵化,幼虫落地入土。成虫出土期用1.5%六六六粉进行地面防治,防治效果可达92.7%,成虫为害期用2.5%溴氰菊酯乳油2000倍液常量喷雾,防治效果可达96.7%。     

竹红眼玛弄蝶生物学研究

红眼玛弄蝶以幼虫在观赏竹上缀叶为虫苞，在苞在取食竹叶，幼虫5龄。在广东1a5代，越冬幼虫于3月上中旬开始取食，4月中旬化蛹，4月底5月初羽化成虫，从第1代起各代幼虫取食期分别为5月上旬到6月上旬，6月中旬到7月下旬，7月下旬到8月下旬，8月下旬到9月下旬，10月下旬到翌年4月下旬，各代成虫发生期从第1代起分别为4月底到5月中下旬，6月中旬到7月上旬，7月中旬和8月上旬，8月中旬到9月中旬，9月下旬到10月下旬。各代各虫态有重叠现象。     

梦尼夜蛾生物学特性的研究

梦尼夜蛾是阔叶树的重要食叶害虫之一,通过野外观察,结合室内饲养,对其形态特征、生活史、生活习性等进行了研究。梦尼夜蛾在阿尔山林区1年发生1代,以蛹在枯枝落叶层中越冬。翌年4月中旬开始羽化,羽化盛期为4月27日～5月2日,4月末成虫开始产卵,产卵盛期为5月10日,卵孵化始见期为5月16日,孵化盛期5月25日,6月2日孵化结束。幼虫共5龄,幼虫期与气温有关。幼虫危害始盛期为6月中旬,危害高峰期为6月下旬。7月上旬老熟幼虫下树入土化蛹,幼虫化蛹始见期为7月上旬,盛期为7月中旬。蛹期最长,从7月上旬至翌年4月中旬,时长约为9个月。     

北京地区黄栌胫跳甲生物学特性研究

黄栌胫跳甲Ophrida xanthospilota Baly是取食黄栌Cotinus coggygria Scop.花芽、叶片的重要害虫,该虫在北京地区1 a发生1代,以卵在小枝杈、树干疤痕处、树皮缝中越冬.翌年4月初越冬卵开始孵化,4月中旬为孵化高峰期.5月初幼虫进入暴食期,5月上旬老熟幼虫下树寻找化蛹场所.5月上旬始见预蛹,5月中旬为化蛹高峰期.6月初始见成虫,6月下旬成虫产卵,产卵期可至10月底.     

湿地松与洪都拉斯加勒比松的杂交效果分析

利用种植于广东省台山市的1块9年生杂种松测定林的生长数据,分析了湿地松与洪都拉斯加勒比松杂种家系(PEE×PCH)、湿地松全同胞家系(PEE×PEE)和自由授粉家系(PEE(op))的生长量差异,估算了杂交亲本的一般配合力(GCA)、一般杂交力(GHA)和亲本间的特殊杂交力(SHA),探讨了GCA与GHA、GHA和SHA与杂种子代生长表现的相关关系.结果表明:类型间生长量存在极显著差异,从大到小的排列顺序为PEE×PCH＞PEE×PEE＞PEE(op)＞CK,杂种家系的平均材积比CK大221.36%;根据生长性状选择出国产的优良杂种家系15个,其树高、胸径、材积、每公顷蓄积量分别为10.96～12.57 m、17.42～21.25 cm、0.156 2～0.236 7 m3、141.75～233.82 m3,相对于CK的材积现实增益为216.19%～379.15%;选择出GHA效应大、可靠性高的杂交亲本4个,可用于大量制种;湿地松无性系树高性状的GCA与树高、胸径、材积性状的GHA存在极显著的正相关关系;PEE×PCH杂种家系的生长表现与其亲本的GHA密切相关,尤其与双亲的GHA之和的相关系数最大,达到0.891 8以上.     

QTL detection for growth traits in Pinus elliottii var. elliottii and P. caribaea var. hondurensis

Quantitative trait locus （QTL） detection was carried out for growth traits in 122 F1 progenies of Pinus elliottiivar. elliottii （PEE） x tR caribaea var. hondurensis （PCH） hybrid. The PCH male parent linkage map contained 108 mark- ers in 16 linkage groups, while the PEE female parent contained 93 markers in 19 linkage groups. Sequence-related amplified polymorphism （SRAP）, microsatellite （SSR）, expressed sequence tag polymorphism （ESTP） and inter-simple sequence repeat （ISSR） were selected from an existing linkage map. Growth traits investigated were height at age five （HT05） and six years （HT06）, diameter at breast height at age five （DBH05） and six years （DBH06） and annual growth from age five to six years of height （AGHT） and diameter at breast height （AGDBH）. KruskaI-Wallis and interval mapping approaches were used to estimate levels of significance, the number of QTLs, the percentage of the phenotypic varia- tion explained by each of QTLs and their positions on the genetic linkage maps. Twenty six QTLs with significance levels p 〈 0.05 were detected on the parental maps for the six growth traits, which explained more than 15% of the phenotypic variation, suggesting an existence of major-effect genes. Several QTLs had the pleiotropy controlling more than one sin- gle growth trait. Overall, the proportion of phenotypic variation explained by QTLs ranged from 5.9% to 40.6% for HT05 and HT06, from 6.6% to 42.0% for DBH05 and DBH06 and from 5.8% to 22.3% for AGHT and AGDBH. The results from this study provide a basis for marker-aided selection （MAS） in PEE x PCH hybrids.     

Tissue culture ofRosa Chinensis var.Floribunda

The tissue culture of Schloss Mannheim(Rosa Chinensis var.Flaribunda) with full and unsprouting bud of stem segments as the explants was experimented. The result shows that the buds sprouted best on MS medium with the addition of 6-BA 1.0 mg/L, and differentiation was best on MS medium with addition of 6-BA 1.5 + NAA 0.05 + ZT 0.1 mg/L or KT 1.0 + NAA0.05 + ZT 0.1 mg/L. The MS medium with addition of 6-BA 0.3 + NAA 0.0 5+ ZT 0.1 mg/L or KT 0.3 + NAA0.05 + ZT 0.1 mg/L showed a good result for developing strong shoots. 1/2 MS medium with the addition of IBA 0.1 mg/L or IBA 0.1 + NAA 0.02 mg/L had best result for rooting. The plantlets should be transplanted from test-tube to soil when they grew to 2.5 ∼ 4.0 cm high and have 3 ∼ 5 strips short roots. A higher survival rate was obtained under the conditions of controlling humidity and temperature.     

Pregnane alkaloids from Sarcococca hookeriana var. digyna

Fourteen pregnane-type steroidal alkaloids were isolated from the ethanolic extracts of whole Sarcococca hookeriana var. digyna plants. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data. Three of them were identified as new steroidal alkaloids: (S)-20-(N,N-dimethylamino)-16α,17α-epoxy-3β-methoxy-pregn-5-ene (1), (20S)-20-(N,N-dimethylamino)-3β-tigloylamino-5α-pregn-11β-ol (2), and (20S)-2α,4β-bis(acetoxy)-20-(N,N-dimethylamino)-3β-tigloylamino-5α-pregnane (3). Some of the isolated compounds showed estrogen biosynthesis-promoting effects in human ovarian granulosa-like KGN cells. The EC₅₀ values for the most effective compounds, vagnine B (6) and funtumafrine C (12), were 71 μM and 67 μM, respectively.     

樟子松育苗施肥试验

针对樟子松的生理特性,采用正交设计的方法,共设计16种肥料配方对樟子松育苗施肥进行试验,结果表明,施肥处理对樟子松苗木的生长发育均有明显的作用,高生长提高6.5%～26.1%,径生长提高7.7%～30.8%,干质量提高19.2%～61.5%,N、K元素对高生长的作用达到极显著水平,N元素对径生长的作用达到极显著水平,N元素对提高干质量的作用达到极显著水平,K元素对提高干质量的作用达到显著水平。     

樟子松嫩枝嫁接技术研究

对樟子松嫩枝嫁接时间、方法、人员及生产应用进行试验研究,结果表明,黑龙江省西部半干旱地区樟子松嫩枝嫁接的最佳的时间为7月末8月初,晚于8月上旬不宜嫁接;嫁接方法以髓心形成层贴接和劈接为宜;对樟子松嫩枝针叶束嫁接法进行了探讨。     

Morphological response of Vitex negundo var. heterophylla and Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa to the combined impact of drought and shade

Light and soil moisture availability are two important abiotic factors influencing plant growth in an agroforestry system. Different soil moisture and light treatments were applied to examine the combined impact of drought and shade on the morphological plasticity of Vitex negundo var. heterophylla (Chinese chastetree) and Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa (Spine jujube). We found that the interaction of light and soil moisture was orthogonal in the two species. V. negundo captured irradiance efficiently with relatively long petiole and petiolule, while Z. jujuba maintained higher branches to absorb light than V. negundo. Compared to the seedlings under full sunlight, the palmately compound leaves of V. negundo under low light showed larger specific leaf area (SLA), lower ratio of leaflet length to width and higher leaf mass ratio (leaf biomass to total biomass); in contrast, the simple leaves of Z. jujuba under low light showed larger SLA and ratio of leaf length to petiole length. In both species, drought reduced the branch number, mean internode length of stem, and increased root mass ratio (root biomass to total biomass), but leaf morphology showed little variation to the decreased soil moisture. Between the two species, V. negundo is more shade-tolerant, while Z. jujuba is more drought-tolerant. In an alley cropping system, the spacing can be smaller in the V. negundo-crop system than the Z. jujuba-crop system when soil moisture is adequate. However, the V. negundo-crop system should be managed with more caution under the soil moisture limited conditions.     

上犹杜鹃

上犹杜鹃是作者根据在江西上犹营盘山采集的标本(刘仁林050034(holotype:IBK))发表于《广西植物》(2008,28(5):574-575))的一个变异类群,海拔(alt.)910m,2005-05-12。上犹杜鹃为半常绿灌木,高0.7～     

Anatomy of bacterial canker onMaackia amurensis var.buergeri

An anatomical study of the canker onMaackia amurensis var.buergeri was carried out. The initial symptoms appeared as a longitudinal series of swellings and slightly swollen bark. First, anatomical abnormalities appeared near the cambial zone. Xylem formation was suppressed and hyperplasia of irregular ray parenchyma cells occurred, then the swellings appeared. The irregular cells increased in number, then, the surface of swollen bark burst. The ruptured swellings coalesced to form long irregular cankers. A part of this paper was presented at the 106th Meeting of the Jpn. For. Soc. (1994).