阜新林业检疫性有害生物检疫除害技术

通过2004年林业检疫性有害生物普查,基本查明阜新地区林业检疫性有害生物,共有7种：杨干象;枣大球蚧;冠瘿病;白杨透翅蛾;青杨天牛;双条杉天牛;柳蝙蛾。文章详细阐述了这7种有害生物的分布及危害程度。并依据林业检疫性有害生物发生规律和阜新市气候等生态条件,提出了检疫除害措施。     

焦作市黄连木尺蛾危险性分析和风险管理

通过对黄连木尺蛾风险评估的定量分析方法,并结合焦作市山区林业资源状况,从黄连木尺蛾在国内的分布情况、在焦作市潜在的经济影响和非经济影响,以及扩散蔓延的可能性、天敌的分布及制约能力等几个方面进行定量分析,对黄连木尺蛾的危险性做出综合评价,评价结果显示黄连木尺蛾在焦作市的危害属于低度危险性林业有害生物,应及时采取合理的方法进行防治,将灾害降到最低,确保林木的健康生长。     

辽宁省补充检疫性林业有害生物柳蝙蛾危险性评估与防控

本文采用《国内森林植物检疫对象评估指标体系和分析方法》对柳蝙蛾在辽宁省发生的危险性进行定量评估,结果表明:柳蝙蛾风险性R值为1.18,结合对害虫的定性分析,确认柳蝙蛾仍是辽宁省重要林业有害生物,具有中低度危险性。提出加强检疫、对疫区苗木封锁、建立疫情监测体系、强化营林管理工作等措施和化学防治、生物防治等防控手段。     

蛟河市检疫性林业有害生物调查

以蛟河市检疫性林业有害生物为对象,对其种类、分布、发生及危害状况进行调查,结果表明:蛟河市目前共有5种检疫性林业有害生物分布,总分布面积320 hm2,杨干象、松疱锈病、落叶松枯梢病、柳蝙蛾、白杨透翅蛾分布面积分别为127 hm2、30 hm2、149 hm2、9 hm2和5 hm2。轻度危害总面积33 hm2,其中:杨干象为1 hm2,松疱锈病为30 hm2,落叶松枯梢病为2 hm2。     

内蒙古沙棘木蠹蛾风险分析

沙棘木蠹蛾是以危害沙棘为主的一种钻蛀性害虫，是我国公布的第一批林业危险性有害生物之一。从在内蒙古的分布状况、潜在的危险性、寄主植物的经济重要性、传播扩散的可能性和危险性管理难度等方面对沙棘木蠹蛾进行了风险分析，结果表明沙棘木蠹蛾在内蒙古自治区属高度危险性有害生物，对内蒙古的生态系统、水土保持及农林经济具有一定的危险性，须采取有效措施控制其危害和扩散。     

林木重大钻蛀性害虫桉蝙蛾分布与危害

通过林地调查和文献检索,明确了桉蝙蛾Endoclita signifer是我国本土多食性害虫和重大的林木钻蛀性害虫.该虫分布范围极广,横跨东亚的日本、朝鲜及我国的华中、华南、西南和南亚的印度、泰国、缅甸;广西壮族自治区14个市94个县区(占县区84.68％)和全部13个自治区直属国有林场均有分布;桉蝙蛾危害的林木种类极...     

桉蝙蛾天敌寄蝇调查与寄蝇成虫生物学观察

为查明广西桉蝙蛾天敌寄蝇的种类、分布及其对桉蝙蛾的控制效果,2012年和2013年的1—5月在桉蝙蛾发生区采集桉树木段带回室内收集寄蝇成虫。共收集到寄蝇498头,经鉴定均为栗色舟寄蝇Scaphimyia castanea Mesnil;调查了38个县(市),有29个县(市)调查到寄蝇的分布,约占调查县(市)的76.32%。平均寄生率为8.09%,最高寄生率33.33%;寄蝇羽化后即可交配;寄蝇寄生桉蝙蛾幼虫,产卵方式为伪胎生型,寄蝇交配1周后,将卵产在虫包中,幼虫脱离母体后迅速侵入蝙蛾虫道中寻找寄主。     

蔡甸主要林业有害生物调查

为了更好地测报蔡甸主要林业有害生物发生动态,正确预测林业有害生物的发生和未来的发展趋势,为防治工作提供理论依据,采用踏查和标准地调查相结合的方法,对蔡甸区12个乡镇林业有害生物的发生危害现状进行了调查。基本摸清了蔡甸林业有害生物常发种类、寄主植物、分布地点、发生面积、危害严重程度等,其中有重大危害的有害生物种类杨扇舟蛾、杨小舟蛾、黑翅土白蚁、云斑天牛、松墨天牛和马尾松毛虫6种。     

白杨透翅蛾风险分析和风险管理

应用林业检疫性有害生物风险分析评估方法,对白杨透翅蛾存在的风险性进行了分析。分析结果表明:白杨透翅蛾寄生范围比较广,存活率高,适生范围广,适应性强,危害严重,损失较大,扩散快,隐蔽性强,根除困难,是危险性有害生物,被列为国内森林植物检疫对象。对绿化、农田林网、防护林体系构成较大的威胁。应积极采取有效措施除治。     

扬州市邗江区杨小舟蛾风险分析及风险管理

杨小舟蛾是邗江区杨树主要食叶害虫之一。按照林业有害生物风险分析指标体系,对杨小舟蛾的风险分析进行定性和定量分析,得出杨小舟蛾的风险值R为1.63,在邗江区属于中度危险的林业有害生物。结合全区寄主植物的资源状况及气候特点,对杨小舟蛾的潜在危险性进行了分析,结果表明,杨小舟蛾在邗江大部分地区具有定殖、扩散的可能性。据此,提出了风险管理对策。     

Gas exchange responses of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eucalyptus</Emphasis>, <Emphasis Type="Italic">C. africana</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">G. robusta</Emphasis> to varying soil moisture content in semi-arid (Thika) Kenya

A dramatic decline in forest cover in eastern Africa along with a growing population means that timber and poles for building and fuelwood are in short supply. To overcome this shortage, the region is increasingly turning to eucalyptus. But eucalyptus raises environmental concerns of its own. Fears that it will deplete water supply, affect wildlife and reduce associated crop yields have caused many countries in the region to discourage farmers from planting this exotic. This paper is part of a series of investigations on the growth and water use efficiency of faster growing eucalyptus hybrids, which was introduced from South Africa to Kenya. The hypothesis is that the new hybrids are more efficient in using water and more suitable for the semi-arid tropics than existing eucalyptus and two popular agroforestry species. Gas exchange characteristics of juvenile Eucalyptus grandis (W. Hill ex Maiden), two eucalyptus hybrids (E. grandis × Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.), Grevillea robusta (A. Cunn) and Cordia africana (Lam) was studied under field and pot conditions using an infrared gas analyzer was used to measure photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), net photosynthetic rate (A), stomatal conductance (g _s) and transpiration rate (E) at CO₂ concentrations of 360 μmol mol⁻¹ and ambient humidity and temperature. A, E and g _s varied between species, being highest in eucalyptus hybrid GC 15 (24.6 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹) compared to eucalyptus hybrid GC 584 (21.0 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹), E. grandis (19.2 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹), C. africana (17.7 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹) and G. robusta (11.1 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹). C. africana exhibited high E values (7.0 mmol m⁻² s⁻¹) at optimal soil moisture contents than G. robusta (3.9 mmol m⁻² s⁻¹) and eucalyptus (5.3 mmol m⁻² s⁻¹) in field experiment and G. robusta (3.2 mmol m⁻² s⁻¹) and eucalyptus (4.2 mmol m⁻² s⁻¹) in pot-grown trees. At very low soil moisture content, extremely small g _s values were recorded in GC 15 and E. grandis (8 mmol m⁻² s⁻¹) and G. robusta (14 mmol m⁻² s⁻¹) compared to GC 584 (46.9 mmol m⁻² s⁻¹) and C. africana (90.0 mmol m⁻² s⁻¹) indicating strong stomatal control by the species. Instantaneous water use efficiency ranged between 3 and 5 μmol mmol⁻¹ and generally decreased with decline in soil moisture in pot-grown trees but increased with declining soil moisture in field-grown trees.     

Gegenwärtige Hauptprobleme der landwirtschaftlichen Schädlingsforschung in Finnland

Zusammenfassung Einige der wichtigsten gegenwärtigen Probleme hinsichtlich der landwirtschaftlichen Schädlinge in Finnland sind folgende:Bei Getreide die Schäden durchCalligypona pellucida am Hafer sowie die Schäden durch die Fritfliege(Oscinella frit) an Saat von Winter- und Sommergetreide, die durch Blasenfüßer(Thysanoptera) u. a. Arten verursachte Weißährigkeit und Schmachtkörnigkeit, deren Bekämpfung noch nicht befriedigend entschieden ist. — Beim RotkleePhytonomus nigrirostris, Apion apricans undA. assimile, Sitona spp. undDitylenchus dipsaci, deren Biologie und Bekämpfung weiterhin fortgesetzt werden, — Bei ÖlpflanzenCeuthorrhynchus assimilis undC. quadridens sowieDasyneura brassicae, deren Bekä mpfung zu ermitteln ist. — Bei Zuckerrübe sowie einigen anderen Kulturpflanzen Bedeutung und Bekä mpfung vonLygus-Arten (besondersL. rugulipennis undL. pratensis). Bekämpfung der Rübenfliege(Pegomyia hyoscyami) bei Zuckerrübenkulturen. — Bei den Wurzelschädlingen von Gemüse und Hackfrüchten Klären von Biologie und Bekämpfung der Kohlfliegen (Hylemyia brassicae undH. floralis), der Fliegenschädlinge von Zwiebeln (Hylemyia antiqua, Eumerus tuberculatus undE. strigatus) und der Möhrenfliege. — Die Wirkung der Spritzungen in Obstgärten auf die wichtigsten Schä dlinge(Metatetranychus pilosus, Doralina pomi, Psylla mali, Carpocapsa pomonella, Argyresthia conjugella) und ihre wirksamsten Feinde.— In Beerengärten bei den ArtenTarsonemus fragariae, Eriophyes ribis undPachynematus pumilio sowie in Obstgärten bei der ArtAnisandrus dispar Intensivierung der Bekä mpfung. — Älchen(Anguillulidae), besondersdas Kleeälchen und Klärung von Lebensbedingungen und Bekämpfung desKartoffelälchens. — Bedeutung und Bekämpfung der Wühlmäuse (besondersMicrotus agrestis, M. arvalis undArvicola terrestris). — Untersuchung der Bedeutung von virusverbreitenden Insektenarten. — Erforschung der Nachteile von Bekämpfungsmitteln für die Pflanzen.     

重庆酸雨区缙云山典型林分冠层酸雨淋洗特征

选取重庆缙云山的针阔混交林、常绿阔叶林、毛竹林、灌木林4种典型林分,观测酸性降水过程中林外雨、穿透雨及干流等林内水分转换分量中的主要离子含量变化,分析林分冠层对雨水化学组成的影响,结果表明:(1)降雨中的离子当量浓度大小依次是SO42-＞Ca2+＞ NH4+＞Mg2+＞K+＞Na+＞NO3-;(2)降雨经过林冠层后pH值降低,干流的酸化程度增加最大;(3)降雨经林冠层后离子浓度明显增加(除灌木林),穿透雨中通量增加最大的阴离子和阳离子分别为SO42-(2.19×103～6.47×103 eq·hm-2)和Ca2+(1.41×103～3.39×103 eq-hm-2),离子来源主要为大气沉降和植物分泌物或淋出;(4)同一离子在不同林分的干流和穿透雨中的通量变化不同,反映出不同林分冠层的离子交换性差异.在针阔混交林中,林下降雨净淋溶量大小顺序为SO42-＞Ca2+＞ NO3-＞K+＞NH4+＞Mg2+＞ Na+;常绿阔叶林为SO42-＞ Ca2+＞ K+＞NO3-＞ NH4+＞ Mg2+ ＞Na+;毛竹林为Ca2+＞ SO42-＞ K+＞NO3-＞ NH4+＞Na+＞Mg2+;灌木林为Ca2+＞ NO3-＞ K+＞ Na+＞Mg2+＞ NH4+＞ SO42-.     

广州市酸雨对不同森林冠层淋溶规律的研究

１９９８年４月至１９９９年３月对广州市白云山马尾松林和常绿阔叶林、广州市龙眼洞马尾松林两试验点进行了酸雨的监测,并测定和分析了林内穿透雨物理量及化学量,旨在探讨酸雨对不同森林冠层养分淋溶规律的影响。结果表明：（１）广州市酸雨占次数的７９．７％或占降雨量的９５．１％。（２）酸雨通过林冠层后,ｐＨ值明显增加。（３）在马尾松林和常绿阔叶林中,某些单次降雨出现ＳＯ４＾２－、ＮＯ３＾－、ＮＨ４＾＋Ａｌ＾３＋、Ｎａ＾＋的负淋溶现象,说明森林对这些离子（特别是ＮＯ３＾－、Ａａ＾３＋）具有吸收作用;阔叶林全年的ＮＯ３＾－和Ａｌ＾３＋净淋溶为负值,说明阔叶林比马尾松林对这两种离子具有更强的吸收能力。（４）雨水酸度增加（即ｐＨ值减小）,明显提高阳离子Ｃａ＾２＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋、Ｋ＾＋和Ｎａ＾＋冠层淋溶面分率。（５）ＮＨ４＾＋、ＳＯ４＾     

Carbon dioxide exchange of a larch forest after a typhoon disturbance

A typhoon event catastrophically destroyed a 45-year-old Japanese larch plantation in southern Hokkaido, northern Japan in September 2004, and about 90% of trees were blown down. Vegetation was measured to investigate its regeneration process and CO₂ flux, or net ecosystem production (NEP), was measured in 2006–2008 using an automated chamber system to investigate the effects of typhoon disturbance on the ecosystem carbon balance. Annual maximum aboveground biomass (AGB) increased from 2.7 Mg ha⁻¹ in 2006 to 4.0 Mg ha⁻¹ in 2007, whereas no change occurred in annual maximum leaf area index (LAI), which was 3.7 m² m⁻² in 2006 and 3.9 m² m⁻² in 2007. Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) had become dominant within 2 years after the typhoon disturbance, and came to account for about 60% and 50% of AGB and LAI, respectively. In comparison with CO₂ fluxes measured by the eddy covariance technique in 2001–2003, for 4.5 months during the growing season, the sum of gross primary production (GPP) decreased on average by 739 gC m⁻² (64%) after the disturbance, whereas ecosystem respiration (RE) decreased by 501 gC m⁻² (51%). As a result, NEP decreased from 159 ± 57 gC m⁻² to −80 ± 30 gC m⁻², which shows that the ecosystem shifted from a carbon sink to a source. Seasonal variation in RE was strongly correlated to soil temperature. The interannual variation in the seasonal trend of RE was small. Light-saturated GPP (P_max) decreased from 30–45 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ to 8–12 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ during the summer season through the disturbance because of large reduction in LAI.     

Nitrogen leaching in response to increased nitrogen inputs in subtropical monsoon forests in southern China

Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) (as ammonium nitrate) was applied monthly onto the forest floor of one old-growth forest (>400 years old, at levels of 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) and two young forests (both about 70 years old, at levels of 50 and 100 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) over 3 years (2004–2006), to investigate how nitrogen (N) input influenced N leaching output, and if there were differences in N retention between the old-growth and the young forests in the subtropical monsoon region of southern China. The ambient throughfall inputs were 23–27 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ in the young forests and 29–35 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ in the old-growth forest. In the control plots without experimental N addition, a net N retention was observed in the young forests (on average 6–11 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹), but a net N loss occurred in the old-growth forest (−13 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹). Experimental N addition immediately increased DIN leaching in all three forests, with 25–66% of added N leached over the 3-year experiment. At the lowest level of N addition (50 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹), the percentage N loss was higher in the old-growth forest (66% of added N) than in the two young forests (38% and 26%). However, at higher levels of N addition (100 and 150 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹), the old-growth forest exhibited similar N losses (25–43%) to those in the young forests (28–43%). These results indicate that N retention is largely determined by the forest successional stages and the levels of N addition. Compared to most temperate forests studied in Europe and North America, N leaching loss in these seasonal monsoon subtropical forests occurred mainly in the rainy growing season, with measured N loss in leaching substantially higher under both ambient deposition and experimental N additions.     

Five new triterpenoidal saponins from the roots of Ilex cornuta and their protective effects against H2O2-induced cardiomyocytes injury

Five new ursane-type triterpenoidal saponins (1–5), together with five known ones (6–10), were isolated from the EtOH extract of the roots of Ilex cornuta. The structures of saponins 1–5 were elucidated as 19α-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid 3β-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (1), 19α-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid 3β-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside-6-O-ethyl ester (2), 19α-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid 3β-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (3), 3β-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl]-19α-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (4) and 3β-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-glucuronopyranoside-6-O-methyl ester]-19α-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (5), on the basis of spectroscopic analyses (IR, ESI-MS, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR) and chemical reactions. Protective effects of compounds 1–10 against H₂O₂-induced H9c2 cardiomyocyte injury were tested. Compounds 1–5, 7, and 10 showed cell-protective effects. Among them compound 5 exhibited the highest activity. No significant DPPH radical scavenging activity was observed for compounds 1–10.     

Canker disease of willow and poplar caused by Cryptosphaeria pullmanensis recorded in China

A new canker disease of Salix alba and Populus alba has been observed in Xinjiang, China. Black circular spots on dead branches and stems are the symptoms of the disease. Sixty‐seven isolates recovered from Salix matsudana, S. alba and Populus alba were identified as Cryptosphaeria pullmanensis based on morphological features and multigene phylogeny. Pathogenicity tests were performed on S. alba and P. alba stems using the C. pullmanensis isolates. Cankers on and Cryptosphaeria pullmanensis of C. pullmanensis from the stems fulfilled Koch's postulates and confirmed C. pullmanensis as the causal agent of the canker disease. C. pullmanensis is characterized by its yellow stromatic tissue surrounded by a black conceptacle with regularly arranged multiple locules sharing common walls and hyaline, allantoid, aseptate conidia (mean size 7.42 × 1.72 μm). This is the first report of C. pullmanensis causing Cryptosphaeria canker in China, and S. alba and P. alba are new host records for C. pullmanensis.     

Influences of forest tending works on carbon distribution and cycling in a Pinus densiflora S. et Z. stand in Korea

This study was conducted to determine carbon (C) dynamics following forest tending works (FTW) which are one of the most important forest management activities conducted by Korean forest police and managers. We measured organic C storage (above- and below-ground biomass C, forest floor C, and soil C at 50 cm depth), soil environmental factors (soil CO₂ efflux, soil temperature, soil water content, soil pH, and soil organic C concentration), and organic C input and output (litterfall and litter decomposition rates) for one year in FTW and non-FTW (control) stands of approximately 40-year-old red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) forests in the Hwangmaesan Soopkakkugi model forest in Sancheonggun, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. This forest was thinned in 2005 as a representative FTW practice. The total C stored in tree biomass was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the FTW stand (40.17 Mg C ha⁻¹) than in the control stand (64.52 Mg C ha⁻¹). However, C storage of forest floor and soil layers measured at four different depths was not changed by FTW, except for that at the surface soil depth (0–10 cm). The organic C input due to litterfall and output due to needle litter decomposition were both significantly lower in the FTW stand than in the control stand (2.02 Mg C ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ vs. 2.80 Mg C ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ and 308 g C kg⁻¹ year⁻¹ vs. 364 g C kg⁻¹ year⁻¹, respectively, both P < 0.05). Soil environmental factors were significantly affected (P < 0.05) by FTW, except for soil CO₂ efflux rates and organic C concentration at soil depth of 0–20 cm. The mean annual soil CO₂ efflux rates were the same in the FTW (0.24 g CO₂ m⁻² h⁻¹) and control (0.24 g CO₂ m⁻² h⁻¹) stands despite monthly variations of soil CO₂ efflux over the one-year study period. The mean soil organic C concentration at a soil depth of 0–20 cm was lower in the FTW stand (81.3 g kg⁻¹) than in the control stand (86.4 g kg⁻¹) but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). In contrast, the mean soil temperature was significantly higher, the mean soil water content was significantly lower, and the soil pH was significantly higher in the FTW stand than in the control stand (10.34 °C vs. 8.98 °C, 48.2% vs. 56.4%, and pH 4.83 vs. pH 4.60, respectively, all P < 0.05). These results indicated that FTW can influence tree biomass C dynamics, organic C input and output, and soil environmental factors such as soil temperature, soil water content and soil pH, while soil C dynamics such as soil CO₂ efflux rates and soil organic C concentration were little affected by FTW in a red pine stand.     

Über eine Massenvermehrung der stahlblauen Kieferngespinstblattwespe,Acantholyda erythrocephala Chr., im Steinfeld,Niederösterreich,in den Jahren 1964–1967

Summary The present paper reports on an outbreak of the False Pine Webworm (Acantholyda erythrocephala L.) in the Steinfeld of Lower Austria, from its detection in July 1964 up to swarming of wasps in April 1967. The course of gradation and resulting damages are described, and data obtained on development, manner of life, and mortality given. In plantations of predominant Austrian Black Pine (Pinus nigra ssp.austriaca) and Scots Pine(Pinus silvestris) the former, too, was attacked though to a considerably lesser extent than the latter. Among mortality factors observed, most important was a nuclear polyhedrosis, which, during the first year of outbreak, killed numerous pseudocaterpillars, but sensibly diminished in lethal effect in the further course of calamity. In connection with the outbreak ofAcantholyda erythrocephala, some other pest occurrences in the plantations are mentioned. A possible competition effect of a previous outbreak ofNeodiprion sertifer, lasting several years, and one ofDendrolimus pini L., lasting two years, resulting in inhibitions of a more precocious development of the outbreak ofAcantholyda erythrocephala, and in prevention of a nascent gradation ofPanolis flammea by the multiplication ofAcantholyda taking its course, is particularly referred to. Control experiments were done with the fumigant “Kerfex-Nebelk?rper/rd. An effective control by this product, too, must be carried out soon after emerging of young larvae.

---

Résumé Le présent mémoire rend compte d'une pullulation de la Lyde bleue du Pin (Acantholyda erythrocephala L.) au Steinfeld en Basse-Autriché, à partir de sa découverte au mois de Juillet 1964 jusqu'à l'essaimage des guépes au mois d'Avril 1967. Le cours de la gradation et ses effets nuisibles sont caracté risés avec des données obtenues sur le développement, la manière de vivre et la mortalité de l'insecte. Dans les plantations où dominaient le Pin noir d'Autriche (Pinus nigra ssp.austriaca) et le Pin sylvestre(Pinus silvestris), le Pin noir a aussi été attaqué, mais à un bien moindre degré que le Pin sylvestre. Parmi les facteurs relevés de mortalité le plus important a été une maladie cubique nucléaire, faisant dépérir de nombreuses fausses chenilles pendant la première année de la calamité, mais ne déployant que peu d'activité pernicieuse au cours ultérieur de la gradation. En rapport avec cette gradation deAcantholyda erythrocephala on mentionne quelques autres apparitions d'insectes nuisibles dans les plantations. On met spécialement en relief des effets possibles de compétition de la part d'une précédente calamité de plusieurs années deNeodiprion sertifer et d'une autre, de deux années, deDendrolimus pini L., par rapport à un ralentissement du développement de l'attaque massive del'Acantholyda erythrocephala et à l'empéchement d'une gradation naissante dePanolis flammea par ie déroulement de la gradation deAcantholyda. Des essais de lutte ont été entrepris avec le fumigant ?Kerfex-Nebelk?rper?. Si la lutte doit être efficace, il faut l'exécuter peu de temps après l'eclosion finie des jeunes larves.

---

Резюме Настоящая статья доносит о массовом размножении красноголового общественного пилильщика — ткача,Acatholyda erythrocephala L., в Штейнфельде (Нижняя Австрия), от его открытия в июле 1964г. до роения ос в апреле 1967г. Характеризуются ход градащии и вредные действия так как приводятся информации о развитии, способе жизни и смертности. В культурах, составленных преимущестнно из сосен австрийской (Pinus nigra ssp. austriaca) и обыкновенной (P. silvestris) была поражена и австрийская, хотя в значительно менышей степени, чем обыкновенная. Среди действующих факторов смертиности была важнейшим ядерная полиэдровая болезнь, которая убила в первом году бедствия многочисленных лжегусениц, а в далышем ходу показывала уже мало смертного действия. В связи с градацииAcantholyda erythrocephala упомнаются и другие появления вредителей в культурах. Указывается особенно на возможные конкуренцийные действия предшествующей долголетной градацииNeodiprion sertifer и двухлетной таковойDendrolimus pini L. по отношению к торможениям более ранного развития массового появленияAcontholyda erythrocephala и препятствованию возникающей градацииPanolis flammea протекающим размножением акантолиды. Попытки борьбы были установлены фумигантом ?Керфекс -Небелькерпер?. Борьбу, если должна быть успешной, нужно проводить и этим средством скоро после вылупляния молодых личинок.

---

---

Die vorliegenden Beobachtungen der derzeit noch weiter laufenden Kalamit?t schlie?en mit der Flugperiode 1967 ab. Von H. Schmutzenhofer werden bzw. wurden weitere Untersuchungen zum Auftreten dieses Sch? dlings besonders zur Erlangung kritischer Ei- und Larvenzahlen, zur Kl?rung des Problems des überliegens und Auffindung wirksamer Bek?mpfungsmittel durchgeführt.