规模化猪场妊娠母猪的饲养管理

妊娠母猪的饲养管理水平直接影响母猪的繁殖性能和仔猪的生产性能,进而影响猪场的生产成绩和经营效益。妊娠母猪由于体重、胎次、受孕时的体况、妊娠期不同阶段以及环境与管理条件的不同有不同的营养需要与管理要求,要在深刻理解母猪妊娠期不同阶段的保胎、生理营养规律的前提下,以个体为生产单元,做到有针对性的精细化饲养管理。本文简要阐述了规模化猪场妊娠母猪饲养管理的目标,并且对妊娠母猪饲养管理过程中的操作规程、技术要点和注意事项进行了系统的分析。     

维生素与母猪繁殖性能的关系

正饲养母猪的目的是获得更多的仔猪,而衡量母猪繁殖性能优良与否主要有两个指标:即每头母猪每年提供的断乳仔猪数和母猪繁殖利用年限。影响母猪繁殖性能的因素主要包括遗传、营养、疫病、环境以及管理。近年来随着营养科技的飞跃发展,通过营养的调控从而达到提高母猪繁殖性能的研究已初见成效;要提高母猪的生产性能,必须从决定母猪生产能力的因素人手,只有强化妊娠母猪的饲养管理,才能     

种猪场的饲养管理

为了加强种母猪的饲养管理、促进母猪发情与配种、防止死胎和流产、增加产仔数和初生重、减少仔猪发病数、提高断奶窝重和养猪效益,应对种母猪加强饲养管理: 1营养需要 空怀、妊娠母猪日粮营养要求:粗蛋白15%、消化能2900卡,赖氨酸0.8%.维生素A、D、E对母楮繁殖性能影响很大,应合理搭配.     

浅谈妊娠母猪的饲养管理

要获得理想的养猪经济效益，必须从抓好生猪养殖中的各个环节做起，从选种、仔猪的培育、公猪的使用及选配，到各发育阶段的营养及饲养管理。现结合实际工作经验谈一下妊娠母猪的饲养体会。1。确定适宜的饲养方式1．1高低高饲养方式用于断乳后体况较差的母猪。为了不影响下一阶段繁殖任务的完成，在母猪妊娠初期（前3周）要加强营养，使其迅速恢复繁殖体况，     

繁殖母猪五个阶段的饲养管理

许多农村养殖户及小型养殖场,对决定母猪生产力的种猪、饲养、管理、疫病、环境五大因素还缺乏完整认识,造成母猪在繁殖期间营养不良。要保证母猪良好的体况和繁殖性能,做好母猪各阶段饲养与管理工作是养殖的关键。母猪养殖可分为后备期、空怀期、妊娠前期、妊娠后期、哺乳期五个阶段。这五个阶段的饲养与管理应根据母猪的体况进行。1后备期后备母猪处于生长发育阶段,优质、营养全面的饲料对母猪的体形发育和生殖系统发育十分重要。     

国外母猪的阶段饲养

母猪的繁殖与营养密切相关,且母猪繁殖周期的各阶段是密切相关的,某一阶段的营养会影响该阶段、后一阶段乃至全程的生产性能。因此,繁殖母猪也应象生长猪一样采取阶段饲喂。本文旨在综述后备母猪、妊娠母猪、泌乳母猪及断奶—再配种间隔期母猪的营养与饲养管理方面的研究新进展。     

妊娠母猪的营养需要与饲养管理

妊娠母猪良好的机体状况和繁殖性能是提高仔猪产出和成活率的基础,也是促进生猪养殖产业发展的重点研发方向。繁殖母猪的养殖重点需要从妊娠母猪的养殖管理着手,保障胎儿在母猪机体中的正常生长发育,避免出现弱子、死胎或者流产的情况,提高仔猪的初生重和机体健康状况。本文将对生猪养殖中妊娠母猪的营养需要和饲养管理措施进行综述,旨在为妊娠母猪的科学饲养以及生猪养殖产业的科学发展提供帮助。     

妊娠母猪流产的综合防治

妊娠母猪流产的防治措施可以通过疾病的预防、早期诊断和治疗,妊娠母猪饲养管理措施以及饲养环境的改善,营养饲料的充分供给等方面进行,保障妊娠母猪良好的健康状况和繁殖性能。     

妊娠母猪的阶段饲喂

母猪的繁殖性能与母猪繁殖周期的各阶段的营养密切相关,某一阶段的营养会影响此阶段、后一阶段乃至全程的生产性能。因此,妊娠母猪也应像生长猪一样采取阶段饲喂。本文主要阐述了妊娠前期、中期和后期母猪饲养管理方面的研究。     

妊娠母猪管理要点

正妊娠母猪是指从配种受胎到分娩阶段的母猪,母猪机体在此期间会发生巨大的生理变化,表现为体重增加、代谢加快,妊娠后期对营养及各方面的要求较高。母猪是猪场的发动机,特别是妊娠母猪的饲养管理水平直接影响到其繁殖性能及后代的生产性能,从而影响整个猪场的经济效益。所以对妊娠母猪的管理可以说是整个养猪过程中的重     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.