文摘

本文对大麦育种中制啤品质测定的精确度,包括不同批次产品、不同化验员以及不同大麦样品问的差异进行评价。被测定的大麦性状是:籽粒水分,籽粒磨碎后的水分(用二种方法测定),籽粒重,浸渍液的水分含量,麦芽湿度(用二种方法测定),麦芽产量,麦芽含氮量,麦芽的可溶氮含量,Kolbach指数,麦芽糖化力,麦芽的α-淀粉酶含量,麦芽的β一葡聚糖酶含量,麦芽汁的折光指数,热水浸出物,浸出物的重量,麦芽汁的还原糖含量,麦芽汁的碳水化合物含量,麦芽汁的α-氨基氮含量和麦芽汁的总含氮量。本文讨论了这些测定在大麦     

大麦β-淀粉酶的遗传和环境变异及其与麦芽品质的相关

大麦β-淀粉酶活性是啤酒大麦的一个重要品质性状，它与麦芽糖化力存在着密切关系。β-淀粉酶活性不但受品种本身遗传因素控制，很大程度上还取决于环境和栽培措施。本文还阐述了大麦β-淀粉酶的酶学特性及其遗传和育种改良。     

大麦β—葡聚糖酶的品种和环境变异及其遗传

大麦β—葡聚糖酶活性是啤酒大麦的一个重要品质性状，它与β—葡聚糖含量j麦芽浸出率、糖化力等有着密切关系。β—葡聚糖酶活性受品种本身遗传因素的控制，但不同地区与年份也存在着一定差异?制麦期间的温、湿度及其它各种理化处理对其有着很大影响。还阐述了大麦β—葡聚糖酶活性的遗传和育种改良。     

大麦β-淀粉酶的遗传和环境变异及其与麦芽品质的相关

大麦 β—淀粉酶活性是啤酒大麦的一个重要品质性状 ,它与麦芽糖化力存在着密切关系。β—淀粉酶活性不但受品种本身遗传因素控制 ,很大程度上还取决于环境和栽培措施。本文还阐述了大麦 β—淀粉酶的酶学特性及其遗传和育种改良。     

大麦β-葡聚糖酶的品种和环境变异及其遗传

大麦β -葡聚糖酶活性是啤酒大麦的一个重要品质性状 ,它与 β -葡聚糖含量、麦芽浸出率、糖化力等有着密切关系。β -葡聚糖酶活性受品种本身遗传因素的控制 ,但不同地区与年份也存在着一定差异。制麦期间的温、湿度及其它各种理化处理对其有着很大影响。还阐述了大麦 β -葡聚糖酶活性的遗传和育种改良。     

大麦籽粒功能成分含量的遗传效应分析

为挖掘控制大麦籽粒功能成分的基因,选育高功能成分含量的大麦品系,以S500和宽颖大麦及其杂种后代BC3F1、BC3 F2为材料,应用分离世代联合分析主基因和多基因混合遗传的统计方法,研究了大麦籽粒总黄酮、γ-氨基丁酸、生物碱及抗性淀粉含量的遗传效应.结果表明,大麦籽粒的总黄酮含量受两对加性-显性-上位性主基因和加性-显性多基因控制遗传(E-1模型),主基因遗传率为47.95％;生物碱含量受加性-显性-上位性主基因遗传(B-1模型),主基因遗传率为67.36％;γ-氨基丁酸和抗性淀粉含量均受两对加性-显性-上位性主基因和加性-显性-上位性多基因控制遗传(E-0模型),主基因遗传率分别为56.49％和80.13％.控制大麦籽粒四种功能成分含量的主基因以显性效应为主,且遗传贡献较大,因此在育种中应充分利用主基因效应进行有效选育.     

酿造大麦育种中有关α一淀粉酶活力的品质鉴定

引言在大麦麦芽中有若干种淀粉酶,它们的活力是麦芽品质的重要组成部份。品质鉴定与DP(淀粉糖化酶的活力)有关,这淀粉糖化酶的活力与麦芽中的α和β一淀粉酶的糖化活力相关联,在日本的酿造大麦的育种中,有关淀粉糖化酶的鉴定已在进行。大部分DP值相当于β一淀粉酶活力的值,为了在酿造过程中糖化添加物,需要高的DP值为了在酿造过程中糖化品质鉴定Kawaguchi     

若干啤酒麦芽品质性状的遗传研究

本文以数量遗传学的方法,对啤酒麦芽主要品质性状(糖化力、麦芽汁粘度、麦芽汁色度和α—淀粉酶活力)进行了遗传分析。结果表明:(1)四个品质性状均符合“加性—显性”模型。加性效应与显性效应同样重要;(2)遗传力中等偏上(分别在29.283—71.280％);(3)控制四个品质性状并显示显性的基因组数较多,约有7—13组。文章还根据实验结果,初步讨论了大麦籽粒及麦芽品质性状遗传育种研究中值得注意的若干的问题。     

大麦α-淀粉酶的研究进展

α-淀粉酶是大麦籽粒发芽过程中的主要水解酶之一,是淀粉降解的起始酶.大麦α-淀粉酶活性是品质育种中的一个重要筛选指标.它不但受大麦品种本身遗传因素和环境条件的控制,制麦期间的温、湿度以及其它各种理化处理对其也有很大影响.本文还阐述了α-淀粉酶的酶学特性及其遗传育种与改良.     

大麦麦芽品质表型效应的关联因子分析

采用碘量法和密度瓶法分别测定103份贵州地方栽培大麦的糖化力和麦芽无水浸出率,并分析糖化力与无水浸出率之间相关性,以及受资源产地、棱型的影响。结果表明,参试大麦材料的糖化力（68.12-297.37WK°）和无水浸出率（29.56%-78.50%）表现出性状分布的多态性,其中2份大麦资源麦芽品质符合国家啤酒大麦生产的行业标准。相关性分析结果发现,糖化力与无水浸出率之间成不显著负相关（r=-0.127）,意味着从大样本量材料中分别检测糖化力和无水浸出率才可能筛选到适宜的啤酒大麦种质资源;本研究也提示选育四棱和六棱啤酒大麦可成为丰富国内啤酒大麦种质资源遗传多样性的重要途径,稳定优质啤酒大麦资源遗传力是保持最佳啤酒麦芽品质的重要育种环节。     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.     

Sugar and dry matter changes in potatoes overwintered in soil in Greece

Summary Potatoes were left in the soil from December, when the vines died, until February (cvs Claustar and Sebago) or April (cv. Spunta) in a location of central Greece with light, well drained soils and a mild climate. Tubers were analysed every two months for dry matter and sugar content and usually the dry matter content did not change significantly from December to February or April. The reducing sugars increased from December to February in tubers of all cultivars and significantly decreased in cv. Spunta from February to April.     

Changes in daily rainfall characteristics in major rice producing provinces in Laos

In order to find the changes in rainfall characteristics and to examine the flood damage to lowland rice, a statistical analysis was carried out on the 40-year daily rainfall record at four rainfall stations (Thangon, Paksane, Seno, and Pakse) in Laos. The rainfall record was divided into two periods of 20 years each. The results of this analysis revealed the trends in changes regarding the frequency and the timing of the heavy daily rainfall events at the four stations. In Paksane in particular, heavy daily rainfall events tended to occur in the latter half of the rainy season.     

兜兰离体快繁技术研究进展

由于生境破坏和人工过度采挖及繁殖的障碍,兜兰已是世界上最濒危的植物物种之一,所有野生种均被列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》附录I而被禁止交易。突破其种苗繁殖技术瓶颈有利于兜兰种质资源的保护和可持续利用。本文对兜兰属植物无菌播种、共生萌发和组织培养技术等离体快繁技术的进展进行综述,并提出了目前存在的问题和解决方法,以期为兜兰属植物离体繁殖技术的深入研究和优质种苗的规模化生产提供参考。     

中国马铃薯单倍体诱导进展

马铃薯产量、品质、加工等方面都较其他作物有更大的提升空间,但由于四倍体马铃薯存在遗传基础狭窄且复杂、难以创新等诸多问题阻碍了相关研究的深入开展。利用马铃薯单倍体或双单倍体植株有望解决上述诸多难题。马铃薯单倍体具有加速育种过程、提高选择效率等优点。马铃薯单倍体的获得包括花药培养、花粉培养、孤雌生殖、子房培养。其中,花药培养因更易取材,并且得到胚性细胞团、愈伤组织或胚状体的几率更大等优点而研究最为广泛。获得单倍体植株的成功率与试验材料的基因型、培养条件、培养基添加物等诸多因素相关。根据不同的诱导方法简要阐述了中国马铃薯单倍体研究的历史及进展。