甘蓝型杂交油菜产量构成因素及其与产量的关系

对四川盆地宜栽的三系和两系甘蓝型杂交油菜(Brassica napus L.)的产量构成因素及其与单株产量的相关性进行了分析和比较。结果表明,单株有效角果数、每角粒数对单株产量在两类材料中均呈极显著正相关,但贡献大小在两类材料中不同;在三系中,每角粒数>单株有效角果数>千粒重;在两系中,单株有效角果数>每角粒数>千粒重。千粒重对单株产量在三系中呈负相关,但不显著,在两系中呈显著正相关。     

上海地区甘蓝型油菜（Brassica napus L.）品质育种的探讨

采用品种间杂交、回交和复交方法,经过田间农艺性状的选择和实验室品质分析,有效地协调了油菜品质育种过程中高产和优质、抗病性和优质的矛盾,育成高产、熟期适宜和较抗（耐）油菜菌核病和芜菁花叶病毒（ＴｕＭＶ）病的低芥酸含量分别为０．２０％和０．２１％;有益于人体健康的亚油酸含量分别为２５．９６％和２４．４２％;油酸含量分别为５６．９６％和５８．９９％。其菜籽油的营养价值较常规品种高。“沪油１２”菜籽饼粕中     

贵州小麦产量构成因素分析及高产育种途径初探

运用相关分析和通径分析对贵州省新近选育的小麦品种（系）的产量构成因素进行了研究，认为当前单位面积穗数是提高小麦产量的主要限制因子。重视多穗型品种的选育，是进一步提高产量的有效途径。     

不同甘蓝型杂交油菜产量构成因素 与产量的相关分析

以四川盆地宜栽的10 个甘蓝型杂交油菜为材料,对不同甘蓝型杂交油菜枝、荚、粒结构特点及其与产 量的关系作了相关研究。结果表明院经济产量与枝、荚、粒均呈正相关;一次分枝重、二次分枝荚果数、二次分枝荚壳 重、二次分枝粒重、二次分枝数、二次分枝重、一次分枝粒重对产量的影响较显著,其中二次分枝数、二次分枝重、一 次分枝粒重对产量的影响达到极显著水平。因此,在高产育种时,在兼顾其余4 个因素和其他农艺性状的同时,应着 重加强对这3 因素的选择。     

早熟红菜薹产量构成因素的研究

用遗传相关，遗传通径分析等分析方法，通过电子计算机对３２个早热红菜薹品种（系）的５个性状进行了统计。试验结果表明，单株产量受多因素，其中孙薹数，主薹重，侧薹重对单株产量的直接影响显，且为正值，而孙薹重对单株产量的直接影响为负值。育种中，早期应进行主薹重的选择，中后期分别对单株侧薹重，孙薹数进行定向的选择，同时还应考虑各性状间的遗传相关，以选出高产的红菜薹新品种。     

优质油菜选产量构成因素的相关和能径分析

荣选产量构成因素的相关分析表明，除主轴长度，千粒重外，株高，根颈粗，茎粗，一次有效分枝数，二次有效分枝数，单株有效角果数和每角数和每粒数７个性状与单株产量呈显著或极显著正相关，而与有效分枝点高度呈极显著负相关。通径分析结果表明，单株有效角果数对产量直接贡献最大，其次是每角粒数和千粒重。单株有效角果数在７个性状中对单株产量的间接作用最小。     

油菜产量因素预测方法研究

以油菜单株第一分枝数、单株籽粒质量、单株荚果数、千粒质量、籽粒与茎秆比、产量等为预测对象,利用观测品种同为秦油2号的淮安站1995—2004年油菜农业气象观测资料及对应的气象观测资料,充分考虑油菜各生育阶段的生理特性及其对气象条件的不同要求,梳理确定育苗期≥0℃有效积温等35个气象因子,分别采用多元线性回归及BP神经网...     

杂交晚稻整齐度与产量及其构成因素关系研究

对38个杂交晚稻新组合杂种一代主要性状的整齐度与其产量及产量构成因素进行了相关分析，结果表明：株高、穗长、单株有效穗数、每穗总粒数和每穗实粒数5个性状的整齐度与产量的简单相关均不显著，但株高整齐度与产量的简单相关接近显著水平。进一步通径分析发现：株高、穗长整齐度对产量的直接作用均达到显著水平，株高整齐度与千粒重呈极显著正相关，穗长整齐度与产量构成因素相关不显著；在产量构成因素和整齐性性状中，对产量作用的大小依次是：每穗实粒数、单株有效穗数、千粒重、株高整齐度、穗长整齐度。     

Heterosis for Seed Yield,0il Content and Other Characters in Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)

Nine inbred lines of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)used as male were crossed to five recessive genetic male sterile(RGMS)lines used as female to produce 45 single crosses.The crosses,their parents and a check hybrid were tested at two locations during 2007 to 2008 for testing the performance and heterosis of hybrids for seed yield and other characters.Results showed that variationsfor seed yield,oil content,days to flowering and days to maturity were significant.Mean squares for hybrids were significant for allcharacters.High heterosis(-4.5%-88.3%),heterobeltiosis(-15.6%-81.1%)and standard heterosis(-34.8%-33.1%)were found forthe seed yield.The highest heterosis and heterobcltiosis were found in the cross QH303-4A×1190.The highest standard heterosiswas found in the Cross Qianyou8A×Q034.Both positive and negative heterosis of single crosses were demcted for the oil content.Small heterosis was found for days to flowering and days to maturity.Among parents,Ⅲ188,Ⅲ224,and Q034 were proved to be thesuperior for seed yield when used as parents in most of the hybrid combinations.2365,Ⅲ1224,and QH303-4AB were good for high oilcontent breeding.Ⅲ176,2313 and Qianyou3AB were good for the early hybrid breeding.Total 11 hybrids yielded higher than 2 500kg·hm-2 and also gave significantly positive heterosis,heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis.Among them,10 crosses gave higher oilcontent than that of check.These crosses Can be used in the future breeding program for the seed yield and the oil content.Two crossesincluding Qianyou3A×Ⅲ224 and Qianyou3A×2313 can be used for the early breeding program.     

Heterosis for Seed Yield,Oil Content and Other Characters in Rapeseed （Brassica napus L.）

Nine inbred lines of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) used as male were crossed to five recessive genetic male sterile (RGMS) lines used as female to produce 45 single crosses. The crosses, their parents and a check hybrid were tested at two locations during 2007 to 2008 for testing the performance and heterosis of hybrids for seed yield and other characters. Results showed that variations for seed yield, oil content, days to flowering and days to maturity were significant. Mean squares for hybrids were significant for all characters. High heterosis (–4.5%-88.3%), heterobeltiosis (–15.6%-81.1%) and standard heterosis (–34.8%-33.1%) were found for the seed yield. The highest heterosis and heterobeltiosis were found in the cross QH303-4A×1190. The highest standard heterosis was found in the cross Qianyou8A×Q034. Both positive and negative heterosis of single crosses were detected for the oil content. Small heterosis was found for days to flowering and days to maturity. Among parents, Ⅲ188, Ⅲ224, and Q034 were proved to be the superior for seed yield when used as parents in most of the hybrid combinations. 2365, Ⅲ224, and QH303-4AB were good for high oil content breeding. Ⅲ176, 2313 and Qianyou3AB were good for the early hybrid breeding. Total 11 hybrids yielded higher than 2 500 kg·hm -2 and also gave significantly positive heterosis, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis. Among them, 10 crosses gave higher oil content than that of check. These crosses can be used in the future breeding program for the seed yield and the oil content. Two crosses including Qianyou3A ×Ⅲ224 and Qianyou3A×2313 can be used for the early breeding program.     

甘蓝型油菜品种间籽粒产量及产量性状杂种优势分析

应用双列杂交设计,研究了遗传来源不同的12个甘蓝型油菜品种间66个双列组合的单株籽粒产量及产量性状的杂种优势。分析结果,21个组合单株籽粒产量具有超高亲优势,超高亲优势率为70 24%(30 70%～218 10%)。产量性状中,8个组合千粒重表现超高亲优势(3 57%～20 48%),其中7个组合为低千粒重亲本组合;47个组合单株角果数具有超高亲优势,平均超高亲优势率为28 02%(0 93%～97 87%);13个组合的每角粒数有超高亲优势,平均超高亲优势率为11 67%。结果表明,甘蓝型油菜品种间籽粒产量超高亲杂种优势明显,可利用的杂种优势潜力较大;杂交油菜籽粒产量的杂种优势主要源自单株角果数的杂种优势,每角粒数和千粒重对籽粒产量的杂种优势贡献较小。文中讨论了甘蓝型油菜品种间杂种优势利用的可行途径。     

甘蓝型杂交油菜不育株产量效应的研究

本研究以遗传标记杂交油菜组合及其不育系为材料,以不同不育株率、施氮量、播种期为处理,研究了甘蓝型杂交油菜不育株的产量效应.同时,还调查了大面积移栽和直播条件下不育株的产量表现.结果表明:不育株比正常杂种植株的单株角果数、每果粒数、单株产量均显著降低.在不同不育株率情况下,不育株单株产量2007年减产38.89 %～50.00 %;2008年减产55.34 %～65.80 %.不同施氮量情况下,不育株单株产量减产41.83 %～76.34 %.不同播种期情况下,不育株单株产量2007年减产50 %～58.76 %,2008年减产50.40 %～58.04 %.大面积移栽种植不育株减产47.28 %,大面积直播不育株减产45.33 %.以上试验不同处理不育株减产幅度为38.89 %～76.34 %,总体平均减产54.61 %.结果还显示:随着施氮量的增加,不育株减产幅度降低;随着播期的推迟,不育株减产幅度增大.     

甘蓝型优质无花瓣油菜NF001的发现与选育

1998年春在有性杂交组合940×中双821Y的F2群体中发现缺瓣植株,之后通过兄妹交、自交连续进行了4代的定向选择,育成了无瓣性状稳定的双低甘蓝型油菜常规优质品系NF001。其群体无瓣基因外显率达100%,全无瓣花率达98.6%~100%,无瓣度达99.6%~100%,芥酸含量1%左右,硫代葡萄糖甙含量25.3~28.6μmol/g饼,含油量40%左右,蛋白质35.8%~37.1%,是一个具有特异性状的优异种质资源,具有较高的潜在育种价值。     

双低甘蓝型春油菜杂交种圣光401选育

双低甘蓝型春油菜杂交种圣光401是由雄性不育系206A和恢复系1815DH-1配制而成.2008-2009年甘肃省春油菜区试2 a 12点(次)折合平均产量3 677.1 kg/hm2,比对照品种陇油5号增产16.4%;2009年甘肃省春油菜生产试验折合产量3 271.5 kg/hm2,比对照陇油5号增产13.6%.生...     

Heterosis of Double Low Self-incompatibility in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)

66 F1 hybrids, produced by 3 double low self-incompatible lines and 22 varieties with a North Carolina Ⅱ (NCⅡ) crossing design, were tested for their heterosis in Wuhan, China during two growing seasons from 1999- 2001. The results showed that significant differences were found between F1s and their parents for yield per plant and seed oil content. Mid-parent heterosis of these two characters ranged from 5.50%-64.11% and from 1.55% -7.44% respectively. Heterosis for seed yield per plant was greater than that of seed oil content. For yield components, heterosis of total number of siliques per plant was the highest, followed by seed number per silique and 1 000 seeds weight. Significant genotype-by-year interaction was found for seed yield per plant. Results from correlation and combining ability analysis indicated that parental effects on its F1 hybrid depended on characters, seed yield per plant was affected by both additive and non-additive effects, and seed oil content was affected mainly by additive effect. When designing hybrid programme, parents might be selected by GCAs and variances of SCAs of parents for the characters affected by both additive and non-additive effects, and by the sum of GCAs of female and male parents for the characters mainly affected by additive effects.     

甘蓝型油菜自交亲和性的遗传分析

通过四个杂交组合的四世代和三个杂交组合的六世代的遗传分析表明:甘蓝型油菜的自交亲和性(SC)至少受两对基因控制,其遗传力约50％或更低;SC的遗传效应中主要是加性效应,同时也存在显性效应和上位性效应。