水分胁迫下不同化学物质浸种对小麦发芽及幼苗生长的影响

室内用PEG6000模拟干旱胁迫培养实验研究了不同水分条件下不同化学物质浸种对小麦种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:GA浸种显著地提高了小麦的发芽势、发芽指数和苗高,MnSO4及含有MnSO4的化学物质浸种降低了其发芽率和发芽指数.PP333和MnSO4单独浸种显著提高了小麦的根系干重,但二者的混合处理的小麦根系干重却有所降低.在水分胁迫情况下,用化学物质浸种可以有效地防止水分不足对苗高的影响.GA+MnSO4处理的小麦在水分胁迫后,根系干重及干物质累积量有明显的提高,说明在水分胁迫条件下,利用GA+MnSO4处理具有促进根系生长,培育小麦壮苗的突出作用.     

矮壮素浸种对不同小麦品种萌发生长及水分利用效率的影响

通过培养试验研究了不同浓度矮壮素浸种对不同小麦品种种子萌发、幼苗生长及水分利用效率的影响。室内培养试验表明,低浓度矮壮素(≤10.0g/kg)处理提高了小偃22和陕229的发芽率、发芽势和幼苗及根的干重,高浓度(>50.0g/kg)处理则表现出明显的抑制作用;与陕229相比,小偃22对矮壮素较敏感,更容易受高浓度矮壮素的危害。土培试验表明,不同浓度矮壮素浸种提高了小偃22和小偃6号小麦叶片的叶绿素含量、光合作用速率,促进了小麦根系生长及干物质的累积。用矮壮素浸种对小麦水分利用效率的影响与小麦品种及水分供应水平有关。正常水分下,小偃22水分利用效率提高幅度明显高于小偃6号,水分胁迫时则反之,且水分胁迫下,矮壮素2.0g/kg浸种小偃6号水分利用效率提高幅度最明显。两试验均以矮壮素浓度2.0g/kg浸种效果较好。     

Influence of imidacloprid seed treatments on rice germination and early seedling growth

BACKGROUND: Seed treatments with the chloronicotinyl insecticide imidacloprid (Gaucho 600 FS) were evaluated to determine whether differences in concentration and exposure regime influence the germination and early growth of rice. RESULTS: Continuous exposure to imidacloprid (4 days at 2000 mg AI L(-1)) significantly (P < 0.001) reduced normal germination by an average of 18% across the 15 cultivars examined. Nine days after sowing, plants showed no adverse effects from continuous imidacloprid treatment during germination, with shoot lengths and root system dry weights equalling, or occasionally exceeding (P < 0.05), those of untreated plants. Short-term imidacloprid exposure (2 h at 2000 mg L(-1)) at initial seed wetting did not affect germination (P > 0.05), and short-term (1 h) exposure of 48 h pregerminated seed to imidacloprid (2000 mg L(-1)) similarly had no significant effect on early subsequent growth. Plants arising from 48 h pregerminated seed exposed to imidacloprid (1 h) at concentrations up to 4000 mg L(-1) immediately before sowing were not significantly different from control plants at either 9 or 25 days post-sowing. CONCLUSION: Results show that imidacloprid will have no adverse effects on plant growth if applied to pregerminated rice shortly before sowing. Continuous exposure of seed during germination had more pronounced effects, and the initial response of different cultivars was highly variable. Cultivars with high levels of sensitivity (such as IR72) require further testing before continuous exposure to imidacloprid during germination can be recommended.     

外源植物激素对宁夏枸杞种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

分别用赤霉酸GA3(25~300μg/ml),α-奈乙酸NAA(25~200μg/ml)和6-苄基腺嘌呤6-BA(25~200μg/ml)对宁夏枸杞种子进行24 h浸泡处理,测定其萌发率和幼苗生长。结果表明:不同浓度的GA3和NAA对种子萌发均有促进作用,但6-BA仅在25μg/ml浓度下有促进作用。总体效果为GA3NAA6-BA,其中300μg/mlGA3处理的萌发率最高,达92.8%。萌发的幼苗在原培养基上生长46 d后,用300μg/ml GA3处理的宁夏枸杞幼苗在株高,叶片数目,叶片长度,可溶性蛋白含量等方面均高于对照;大于100μg/ml NAA处理的幼苗在叶片生长情况,可溶性蛋白含量方面高于对照;6-BA处理的幼苗各指标均低于对照,不能正常生长。     

BS-12对小麦种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响

通过水培和盆栽试验,研究了不同浓度BS-12污染对小麦种子萌发与小麦幼苗生长的影响.结果表明,水培中10 mg/L的BS-12能够促进小麦种子萌发,BS-12浓度大于10 mg/L时,随BS-12浓度增大小麦萌发受到的抑制作用增大;土壤中BS-12添加比例以0.5%为分界点,高于0.5%时小麦幼苗受到伤害与抑制作用,低...     

黄花刺茄浸提液对番茄种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

为明确入侵植物黄花刺茄对当地主栽经济作物番茄种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,本文采用培养皿滤纸法,在智能光照培养箱的变温控制条件下,分别研究了黄花刺茄根、茎、叶浸提液对番茄种子发芽率、发芽指数及幼苗根长和苗高的影响。结果表明:(1)黄花刺茄不同器官的浸提液对番茄种子发芽率、发芽指数、幼苗根长和苗高的影响不同,其茎、叶浸提液的化感作用较为显著(P<0.01)。(2)黄花刺茄同部位浸提液对番茄种子发芽率、发芽指数、幼苗根长和苗高不同指标的影响也不同。根浸提液对种子发芽率、幼苗根长影响不显著(P>0.05),但对种子发芽指数的影响极显著(P<0.01)。茎和叶浸提液各浓度对种子发芽指数的影响比种子发芽率、幼苗根长和苗高的影响显著(P<0.01)。     

蒙古扁桃种子萌发和幼苗生长对渗透胁迫的响应

以天然生长于祁连山自然保护区隆畅河自然保护站的濒危植物蒙古扁桃(Prunus mongolica)去内果皮的种子为材料,以不同渗透势PEG-6000溶液模拟干旱条件,研究了种子萌发和幼苗生长对干旱胁迫的响应特征。结果表明,随着干旱胁迫程度的加剧,蒙古扁桃种子吸胀速率、萌发率、萌发指数、活力指数、苗高和根长、组织饱和含水量等指标均表现出明显降低的趋势,而幼苗初生芽干重、根干重和根冠比均呈先升后降的趋势。蒙古扁桃种子对水势变化既敏感又抗旱,种子能够萌发的最低渗透势阈值为-0.65 MPa。干旱胁迫未能萌发的种子复水后萌发率较高。分析认为,蒙古扁桃种子萌发和幼苗生长对干旱胁迫的响应特征对种的延续具有重要意义,但在人工栽培时保证 土壤墒情应是保障建植成功的关键措施。     

Inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth by hound's-tongue (Cynoglossum officinale L.) seed leachate

The leaching of phenolics from decoated seeds, seed coats and pericarps of hound's-tongue ( Cynoglossum officinale L.), factors affecting leaching, and seed germination and seedling growth inhibitory activities of the leachate were investigated. Embryonic axes and cotyledons contained a large amount of methanol-soluble phenolic substances. Decoated seeds released phenolics into an aqueous incubation medium and this solution was capable of inhibiting root elongation of several grassy and broadleaf species, but not of hound's-tongue. The leachate and the phenolic fraction of the leachate inhibited germination of bluebunch wheatgrass ( Pseudoroegnaria spicata (Pursh) A. Löve [syn. Agropyron spicatum (Pursh) Scribn. and J. G. Sm.]). The non-phenolic fraction of the leachate did not inhibit seed germination or root and shoot elongation of bluebunch wheatgrass. Low oxygen and an increasing temperature significantly increased the amount of phenolic substances leached from decoated seeds. Increased leaching of phenolic substances related to an increasing temperature was associated with the loss of seed viability. Further investigation of the role of water-extractable hound's-tongue seed phenolics in the interaction of this species with its biotic environment under field conditions is needed to determine the ecological significance of these findings.     

盐和PEG模拟干旱胁迫对沙米种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

研究不周浓度盐溶液(NaCl、MgSO4、盐渍土壤)和PEG模拟干旱胁迫对沙米种子吸胀、萌发和幼苗生长的影响,并观察胁迫解除后种子的反应.结果表明:随着NaCl、MgSO4和PEG浓度的升高,沙米种子吸胀率先升后降,种子萌发率呈现不同程度降低,盐渍土壤溶液对萌发率没有显著影响;对沙米种子萌发和幼苗生长的胁迫效应是NaC...     

Factors affecting weed seed germination and seedling growth in lowland rice in Indonesia

Experiments were carried out in Indonesia to see whether weeds of lowland rice fields could be managed by manipulation of the water table and what factors affected germination of their seeds. It was found that seeds of two Scirpus spp. germinated when buried in anaerobic soil but not when on the surface, whereas seeds of two Echinochloa spp. germinated when on the surface of both aerobic and anaerobic soils but when buried germinated only in aerobic soil. The germination of weed seeds was affected to differing extents by submergence in water at depths down to 20 cm. Germination of Fimbristylis littoralis seeds was greatly reduced and of Ludwigia hyssopifolia was complétély inhibited by submergence. Conversely, germination of Monochoria vaginalis seeds was virtually unaffected. It is suggested that the effect of submergence on germination of some species may be due to their reaction to the amplitude of temperature fluctuation. The germination and emergence of seedlings under water were greatly reduced by a cover of Salvinia molesta. The practical importance of these findings is discussed.     

聚乙二醇胁迫下赤霉素浸种对番茄种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

以番茄幼苗为材料,研究了50 mg/g 的赤霉素(GA3)和清水浸种后用不同浓度的聚乙二醇(0、40、80、120 mg/g)胁迫对番茄种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:40 mg/g的聚乙二醇胁迫对番茄种子的萌发率、发芽指数、幼苗株高、根长有促进作用,120 mg/g的聚乙二醇明显抑制种子的萌发率、发芽指数、幼苗株高、根长;不同浓度的聚乙二醇胁迫明显降低了幼苗的叶绿素含量.用50 mg/g GA3浸种后明显增加聚乙二醇胁迫下番茄种子的萌发率、发芽指数、幼苗株高、根长和叶绿素含量.用50 m g/g GA3浸种对番茄幼苗的生长有一定的促进作用.     

4种外源激素处理对羊草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

研究了100~600μg/g赤霉素(GA3)和吲哚乙酸(IAA)、25~100μg/g 6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)和脱落酸(ABA)对羊草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,100~300μg/g GA3和IAA以及25μg/g 6-BA对羊草种子的萌发最终表现为促进作用,总体效果为GA3>IAA>6-BA。当GA3和IAA浓度大于400μg/g或6-BA浓度大于50μg/g时对羊草种子的最终发芽率均表现为不同程度的抑制;25~100μg/g的外源激素ABA对羊草种子萌发没有抑制作用。GA3处理均能显著促进羊草幼苗的伸长,IAA和6-BA则表现为不同程度的抑制作用;GA3、IAA和6-BA 3种促进激素对羊草的根长和根冠比均表现为抑制作用;25~100μg/g ABA对羊草苗长、根长以及根冠比没有显著影响。     

中性盐和碱性盐胁迫对黑果枸杞种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

在中性盐（NaCl ）和碱性盐（Na2 CO3）胁迫下,对采自河西走廊黑河中游的黑果枸杞进行种子萌发及幼苗生长试验,测定了发芽率（Gr ）、发芽势（Gv ）、发芽指数（GI ）、活力指数（VI ）和相对盐害率及幼苗的组织含水量、可溶性蛋白质含量、叶绿素含量、电导率、丙二醛含量和POD含量等指标。结果表明,黑果枸杞种子萌发的NaCl、Na2 CO3浓度的临界值分别是50 mmol·L－1和2．5 mmol·L－1,极限值分别是300 mmol·L－1和100 mmol·L－1;在NaCl和Na2 CO3胁迫下,发芽率分别为69．17％和71．67％;幼苗组织含水量分别由对照的88．97％降低到56．17％、70．27％;可溶性蛋白质含量最大值分别为7．09％、7．73％;叶绿素含量分别由对照的1．27 mg·g－1降到0．78 mg·g－1、0．92 mg ·g－1;电导率分别由对照的25．63％增加到64．77％、74．8％;丙二醛含量分别由对照的1．5μmol·g－1增加到6．9、6．5μmol·g－1;POD活性分别由对照的380．4 U·g－1·min－1降低到139．2 U·g－1·min－1、192．7 U·g－1·min－1。黑果枸杞是盐生植物,低浓度的盐促进萌发,高浓度的抑制萌发;碱性盐更适合其生长;黑果枸杞幼苗在盐胁迫下的生理响应及生态适应综合表现出黑果枸杞更适于碱性盐生长。     

外源H2S对渗透胁迫下裸燕麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

为探讨新型气体信号硫化氢(H₂2S)对渗透胁迫下作物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,以裸燕麦(Avena nude)品种‘定莜9号’种子为材料,采用H₂2S供体硫氢化钠(NaHS)浸种浓度和聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟渗透胁迫两因素试验,其中NaHS浓度设0、0. 2、1. 0 mmol·L^-1和5. 0 mmol·L^-14个水平,PEG浓度设0、119、149、178 g·L^-1和202 g·L^-15个水平,进行完全组合设计,共20个处理,测定不同处理裸燕麦种子萌发参数(发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、平均发芽时间和贮藏物质转运率)和幼苗生长参数(胚根长、胚芽长和幼苗干重),运用隶属函数分析方法对不同处理种子的耐渗透能力进行综合评价。结果表明：（1）NaHS浓度和PEG浓度对各萌发参数和幼苗生长参数均有显著影响;两者的交互作用对发芽指数、活力指数、平均发芽时间和胚根长影响显著。（2）在同一NaHS浓度下,随着PEG浓度提高,各萌发参数和幼苗生长参数均显著下降,而平均发芽时间呈增加趋势。（3）在相同PEG浓度下,0.2 mmol·L^-1NaHS浸种对各萌发参数和幼苗生长参数均无显著影响;1.0 mmol·L^-1NaHS浸种提高了发芽指数、活力指数、贮藏物质转运率、胚根长、胚芽长和幼苗干重,降低了平均发芽时间;5.0 mmol·L^-1NaHS浸种提高了平均发芽时间,而其余各萌发参数和幼苗生长参数均呈下降趋势。（4）利用隶属函数综合分析得知,用1.0 mmol·L^-1NaHS浸种可提高PEG渗透胁迫下的综合评价D值,而5.0 mmol·L^-1NaHS浸种处理的D值显著下降。由此表明,适宜浓度NaHS (1.0 mmol·L^-1)浸种能够促进渗透胁迫下裸燕麦的种子萌发和幼苗生长。     

不同盐浓度对芨芨草种子萌发过程中几种生理指标的影响

不同浓度的N aC l处理芨芨草种子后,通过研究其萌发过程中淀粉酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶活性以及可溶性糖含量的变化。结果表明:N aC l处理下芨芨草种子萌发过程中超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶活性与对照相比均上升,且呈现双峰曲线的变化趋势。而淀粉酶活性、可溶性糖含量与对照相比均下降,并与N aC l处理浓度呈负相关。     

Seed germination, seedling establishment and growth patterns of wrinklegrass (Ischaemum rugosum Salisb.)

Several laboratory and glasshouse experiments were conducted to assess seed germination, seedling establishment and growth patterns of wrinklegrass (Ischaemum rugosum Salisb.) influenced by temperature and light regimes, and chemical media. Wrinklegrass was a positively photoblastic species, and seed germination was temperature‐dependent and light‐mediated. Seeds soaked in distilled water for 24 h, or oven‐dried at the respective temperature regimes of 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, or 40°C prior to treatment in distilled water and incubated in darkness, failed to germinate. Likewise, no germination prevailed when the seeds were exposed to similar temperature regimes and treated with 0.2 m KNO₃, 5% H₂O₂ or 0.01 m HNO₃, and incubated under continuous darkness. Seeds treated with 5% H₂O₂ at 30°C, or oven‐dried and treated with 0.01% M HNO₃ at 35°C registered 10 and 20% germination. Approximately 75 and 90% of the light‐exposed seeds for all treatments germinated in the first three and six days at 25°C. No germination occurred at 15°C in the first three days after treatment. Seeds subjected to 40°C for six days after treatment recorded 36% germination. The optimum temperatures for seed germination were 25–30°C. Seed drying and soaking treatments widened the windows of the optimal temperatures for wrinklegrass germination. The acidic media of KNO₃, H₂O₂ or HNO₃ favored seed germination. Less than 5% of seed germination occurred with burial or water inundation at depths exceeding 2 cm. Seed burial or inundation at ≥2 cm depths inhibited seed germination. Seeds sown onto moist paddy soils registered ca. 50% germination. Free‐floating seeds on the water surface registered ca. 98% germination within the first six days after seeding. The mean number of seedlings that survived was inversely proportional to water depths, with close to 100% mortality at the 14 cm depths of inundation. Both plant height and seedling survival were linearly proportional to the amount of root mass of seedlings which penetrated the soil. The weed was a prolific seed producer (ca. 6000 seeds/genet or 18 000 seeds/genet per year). The vegetative and reproductive efforts of each wrinklegrass plant registered values of 0.68 and 0.32, respectively.     

SA浸种对NaCl胁迫下棉花幼苗生长及光合特性的影响

研究水杨酸(SA)浸种对盐胁迫下棉花幼苗光合特性的影响,以2个对盐胁迫敏感程度不同的"中棉所41号(耐盐品种)"和"中棉所49号(中等耐盐品种)"棉花品种为试验材料,采用盆栽培养法,研究不同浓度SA浸种对NaCl胁迫下棉花幼苗生长、光合及叶绿素荧光动力学的影响。结果显示:(1)0.80%NaCl致使两棉花品种的株高、叶面积、干物质积累量、叶绿素含量以及净光合速率下降,且叶片的PSII反应中心和受体侧受到伤害,其中中棉所41号的净光合速率比未用NaCl处理的降低17.19%,中棉所49号的降低19.46%。(2)SA浸种处理可以减缓盐胁迫对棉花的伤害,促进植株生长,有效地调节光合结构和气孔开度,促进光合色素的积累。(3)SA能引发棉花的自我抵御盐胁迫机制,0.80%NaCl胁迫下,0.05 mmol·L~(-1)SA的缓解效果优于0.10 mmol·L~(-1)SA处理。0.05 mmol·L~(-1)SA浸种对棉花盐胁迫的幼苗生长有促进作用,从而抵御盐胁迫逆境的伤害。     

外源ATP对盐胁迫下油菜种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

以‘陇油8号’油菜为试验材料,研究了不同浓度(1、10、25、50、100μmol·L^-1)外源ATP预处理对盐胁迫下油菜种子萌发及幼苗生物量、H₂O₂和·OH含量、抗氧化酶活性、膜损伤程度、渗透调节物质及相关基因表达的影响。结果表明,与对照(不用ATP或NaCl处理)相比,用不同浓度的外源ATP处理,可不同程度地提高油菜种子的发芽率和发芽势,25μmol·L^-1的ATP处理表现较为显著,发芽率和发芽势分别提高了26.9%和17.2%。25μmol·L^-1的ATP+NaCl处理相比较于单独NaCl胁迫处理,油菜种子的发芽率和发芽势分别提高了13.7%和15.0%,油菜幼苗的生物量(根长、株高、鲜重)、2种抗氧化酶活性(CAT、POD)、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量及相关基因(MAPK3和MAPK6、SOS1和NHX1)的表达量均显著增加,其中根长、株高、鲜重分别增加了23.6%、27.3%、28.6%,CAT、POD活性、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量分别增加了10.3%、27.0%、15.9%...     

叶甜菜种子发芽特性的研究

研究了不同化学药剂和植物激素浸种处理及种球色泽、粒径、储藏时间等对叶甜菜种子发芽的影响。研究表明,用一定浓度的双氧水、硼酸、磷酸二氢钾浸种处理叶甜菜种子,可提高种子发芽率、发芽势与发芽指数,其中以10g/kgH2O2、0.5g/kgH3BO3和5g/kgKH2PO4处理效果最好。赤霉素处理(10、30、50、70、100mg/L)叶甜菜种子,促进种子发芽的效果不明显。吸湿-回干处理对叶甜菜种子发芽有良好的促进作用。叶甜菜种球色泽、粒径大小与发芽的关系密切,黄色或黄褐色的种球比黑色或褐色种球及大、中粒种子比小粒种子发芽力显著;叶甜菜种子不耐贮藏,发芽力下降较快,使用年限仅为1a。     

水分胁迫下不同化学物质浸种对玉米发芽及幼苗生长的影响

通过室内培养试验研究了不同水分胁迫条件下不同化学物质浸种对玉米种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：水分胁迫下使用化学物质浸种对玉米种子的发芽率和发芽势无显著影响,但却不同程度提高了玉米幼苗的株高和壮苗系数;使用化学物质浸种增加了玉米幼苗的生物量,且水分胁迫下幼苗干重增加幅度明显高于正常水分处理;水分胁迫下使用化学物质浸种提高了玉米幼苗的总根长,其中中度水分胁迫(ψs=0．4MPa)根长的增加幅度高于轻度水分胁迫(ψs=0．2MPa),前者增加的幅度为5．01％～50．83％,后者为0．32％～23．38％。与其他处理相比,水分胁迫下CCC ZnSO4处理的玉米幼苗的根长、根系干重和壮苗系数均较高,说明利用CCC ZnSO4处理具有促进根系生长,培育玉米壮苗的突出作用。